US6649288B2 - Nitride film - Google Patents

Nitride film Download PDF

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US6649288B2
US6649288B2 US09/981,295 US98129501A US6649288B2 US 6649288 B2 US6649288 B2 US 6649288B2 US 98129501 A US98129501 A US 98129501A US 6649288 B2 US6649288 B2 US 6649288B2
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iii nitride
nitride film
film
substrate
single crystal
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US20020081463A1 (en
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Tomohiko Shibata
Yukinori Nakamura
Mitsuhiro Tanaka
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NGK Insulators Ltd
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NGK Insulators Ltd
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Assigned to NGK INSULATORS, LTD. reassignment NGK INSULATORS, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NAKAMURA, YUKINORI, SHIBATA, TOMOHIKO, TANAKA, MITSUHIRO
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
    • H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
    • H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
    • C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
    • C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
    • C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02367—Substrates
    • H01L21/0237—Materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02367—Substrates
    • H01L21/0237—Materials
    • H01L21/02373—Group 14 semiconducting materials
    • H01L21/02378—Silicon carbide
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02367—Substrates
    • H01L21/0237—Materials
    • H01L21/0242—Crystalline insulating materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521—Materials
    • H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
    • H01L21/0254—Nitrides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02612—Formation types
    • H01L21/02617—Deposition types
    • H01L21/0262—Reduction or decomposition of gaseous compounds, e.g. CVD
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/16—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
    • Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
    • Y10T428/265—1 mil or less

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a III nitride film, particularly to an Al-including III nitride film which is suitable for a light-emitting diode or a high speed IC chip.
  • Al-including III nitride films are used as semiconductor films for light-emitting diodes, and recently get attention as semiconductor films for high speed IC chips of cellular phones.
  • such an Al-including film is fabricated by a MOCVD method in which trimethyl aluminum (TMA) and triethyl aluminum (TEA) are employed as an Al supply source, and ammonia (NH 3 ) is employed as a nitrogen supply source.
  • TMA trimethyl aluminum
  • TEA triethyl aluminum
  • NH 3 ammonia
  • a substrate on which the III nitride film is formed is set on a susceptor installed in a reactor and is heated to around 1000° C. by a heater provided in or out of the reactor. Then, the Al supply source, the nitrogen supply source and another supply source including another additive element, with given carrier gases, are introduced into the reactor and supplied onto the substrate.
  • the Al-including III nitride film is formed directly on a single crystal substrate made of C-faced sapphire single crystal, C-faced SiC single crystal or the like or an epitaxial substrate constructed of the same single crystal and an underfilm made of III nitride, some cracks may be created in the film, irrespective of the composition, depending on the film-forming condition and the film-forming apparatus condition such as the reactor configuration and size.
  • this invention relates to a III nitride film including at least Al element and having hexagonal crystal system which is directly grown on a crystalline substrate along the C-axis, the lattice constant “c” of the main axis of the III nitride film and the lattice constant “a” of the crystal face perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate satisfying the relation of “c>2.636a-3.232”.
  • “along the C-axis” includes subtle tilt of the C-axis originated form deviation of growth conditions, subtle off-angle value of crystalline substrate and so forth.
  • the lattice constant “c” and the lattice constant “a” satisfy the relation of “c>2.636a-3.221”. In this case, even though the III nitride film is thermally shocked, no cracks are created in the film.
  • the inventors intensely studied to obtain an Al-including III nitride film without cracks when the III nitride film is formed directly on a crystalline substrate. Since the cracks in the III nitride film occurred, irrespective of the composition, depending on the film-forming condition and the film-forming apparatus condition, the inventors intensely investigated the physical properties of the film and substrate which influence the creation of cracks.
  • the inventors discovered that the crack creation in the III nitride film directly formed on the crystalline substrate relates to the sizes of lattice constants of the crystal lattice of the III nitride film. That is, in the hexagonal crystal lattice of the III nitride film, if the lattice constant “c” of the main axis and the lattice constant “a” of the crystal face perpendicular to the main axis satisfy the above relation, the crack creation can be inhibited even though the III nitride film is formed directly on the crystalline substrate.
  • This invention results from the above enormous research and development.
  • FIG. 1 if the relation of “c>2.636a-3.232” is satisfied, cracks are not created in the film. On the other hand, if the relation is not satisfied, some cracks are created in the film.
  • ⁇ plots designate that cracks are not created and x plots designate that cracks are created.
  • the lattice constant “c” of the main axis(c-axis) of the III nitride film and the lattice constant “a” of the crystal face perpendicular to the main axis of the substrate satisfy the relation of “c>2.636a-3.232”, preferably “c>2.636a-3.221”.
  • the above requirement can be realized by controlling appropriately the temperature, the pressure and the supply gas source ratio, and controlling appropriately the evacuating rate and the flow direction of the supply gas on a crystalline substrate on which the III nitride film is to be formed. These conditions are appropriately selected and optimized, depending on the material, the composition and the thickness of the III nitride film to be formed.
  • the above requirements can be satisfied by forming an underfilm between the crystalline substrate and the III nitride film and optimizing the composition of the underfilm.
  • a high quality single crystalline III nitride film having a large Al content is formed as the underfilm on a C-faced sapphire substrate, and the III nitride film is formed on the single crystalline nitride film.
  • the III nitride film is required to include at least Al element.
  • the III nitride film may contain an additive element such as B, Si, Mg.
  • the III nitride film has preferably larger Al content.
  • III nitride films can be employed for light-emitting diodes and high speed IC chips.
  • the III nitride films are formed directly on their respective crystalline substrates, so some cracks are created in the films, depending on their film-forming conditions and film-forming apparatus conditions.
  • the thickness of the III nitride film is set to 1 ⁇ m or more, particularly 2 ⁇ m or more.
  • the thickness of a III nitride film as formed directly on a crystalline substrate is larger than 1 ⁇ m, a large amount of cracks may be created in the film.
  • the thicker film satisfies the above lattice constant relation, the crack creation can be inhibited effectively. Therefore, according to the present invention, a thicker III nitride film can be provided.
  • the crystalline substrate may be made of any single crystal.
  • oxide single crystal such as sapphire single crystal, ZnO single crystal, LiAlO 2 single crystal, LiGaO 2 single crystal, MgAl 2 O 4 single crystal, or MgO single crystal, IV single crystal or IV—IV single crystal such as Si single crystal or SiC single crystal, III-V single crystal such as GaAs single crystal, AlN single crystal, GaN single crystal or AlGaN single crystal, and boride single crystal such as Zr 2 B 2 .
  • an epitaxial substrate constructed of a single crystal substrate made of the above-mentioned single crystal and an underfilm formed on the substrate may be employed.
  • the underfilm also is preferably made of an Al-including III nitride film.
  • a C-faced sapphire single crystal substrate was employed, and then, set and attracted on a susceptor installed in a quartz reactor.
  • trimethyl aluminum (TMA), trimethyl gallium (TMG) and trimethyl indium (TMI) were employed as an Al supply source, a Ga supply source and an In supply source, respectively.
  • ammonia gas was employed as a nitrogen supply source. Since those supply sources except ammonia gas are liquid or solid at room temperature, they are vaporized through bubbling operation.
  • the ammonia gas which corresponds to V element supply source and the TMA, the TMG and the TMI which correspond to III element supply source were introduced into the reactor at a (V/III) flow ratio of 1000 or below, and supplied onto the substrate.
  • the substrate was heated to 1150° C., and thus, an AlGaInN single crystalline film was fabricated as an underfilm in a thickness of 1 ⁇ m.
  • the crystallinity of the AlGaInN underfilm was investigated by X-ray analysis, it was confirmed that the full width at half maximum of an X-ray rocking curve was 90 seconds or below. Accordingly, the underfilm had a high crystallinity.
  • the substrate having the AlGaInN underfilm was heated to 1200° C., and subsequently, cooled down to a given temperature lower than the underfilm-forming temperature of 1150° C. Then, the same supply sources were supplied at a higher (V/III) flow ratio than the underfilm-forming flow ratio of 1000 or below to fabricate plural AlGaInN films. These results include underfilm data.
  • the lattice constants of the AlGaInN films were measured by X-ray diffraction, and their respective lattice constants “c” and “a” were plotted as ⁇ plots. These date include the underfilm data. And, cracks were not created in all of the AlGaInN films.
  • the lattice constants “c” and “a” of the AlGaInN films were measured by the same manner as in Example, and plotted as X plots. Many cracks were created in the AlGaInN films.
  • the obtained films were exposed to a high temperature of 1000° C. in order to do thermal shock test.
  • the AlGaInN films satisfying the relation of “c>2.636a-3.221” for the lattice constants, “c” and “a”, did not have crack formation.
  • cracks were generated.
  • a III nitride film including at least Al is formed directly on a crystalline substrate, such as single crystal substrate made of C-faced sapphire single crystal or C-faced SiC single crystal, or an epitaxial substrate, no cracks are created in the III nitride film.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
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US09/981,295 2000-10-18 2001-10-16 Nitride film Expired - Lifetime US6649288B2 (en)

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JP2000-317684 2000-10-18
JP2000317684 2000-10-18
JP2001315172A JP3941449B2 (ja) 2000-10-18 2001-10-12 Ｉｉｉ族窒化物膜
JP2001-315172 2001-10-12

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090000618A1 (en) * 2004-09-20 2009-01-01 Sydney Warren Single sided housing for medical canula tubing combining wireless cellular phone and audio technology with oxygen delivery systems

Families Citing this family (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4327339B2 (ja) * 2000-07-28 2009-09-09 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 半導体層形成用基板とそれを利用した半導体装置
JP3795771B2 (ja) 2001-06-13 2006-07-12 日本碍子株式会社 Ｅｌｏ用ｉｉｉ族窒化物半導体基板
EP1474824B1 (fr) * 2002-02-15 2016-02-10 Toyoda Gosei Co.,Ltd. Procede de production d'une couche de semi-conducteur de nitrure du groupe iii
JP4753851B2 (ja) * 2005-12-19 2011-08-24 日本碍子株式会社 窒化アルミニウム粉末、窒化アルミニウム質セラミックス焼結体、半導体製造装置用部材、窒化アルミニウム発光材料、及び窒化アルミニウム粉末の製造方法
KR101159995B1 (ko) * 2008-03-13 2012-06-25 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 Ⅲ족 질화물 반도체 소자 및 그 제조 방법, ⅲ족 질화물 반도체 발광 소자 및 그 제조 방법, 및 램프

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0497350A1 (fr) 1991-01-31 1992-08-05 Nichia Kagaku Kogyo K.K. Méthode de croissance cristalline pour un composé semiconducteur à base de nitrure de gallium
US5729029A (en) * 1996-09-06 1998-03-17 Hewlett-Packard Company Maximizing electrical doping while reducing material cracking in III-V nitride semiconductor devices
US6326638B1 (en) * 1995-01-19 2001-12-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Semiconductor light emitting element and method for fabricating the same
US20020020850A1 (en) 2000-05-22 2002-02-21 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Photonic device, a substrate for fabricating a photonic device, a method for fabricating the photonic device and a method for manufacturing the photonic device-fabricating substrate
US6429465B1 (en) * 1999-12-13 2002-08-06 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Nitride semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0497350A1 (fr) 1991-01-31 1992-08-05 Nichia Kagaku Kogyo K.K. Méthode de croissance cristalline pour un composé semiconducteur à base de nitrure de gallium
US6326638B1 (en) * 1995-01-19 2001-12-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Semiconductor light emitting element and method for fabricating the same
US5729029A (en) * 1996-09-06 1998-03-17 Hewlett-Packard Company Maximizing electrical doping while reducing material cracking in III-V nitride semiconductor devices
US6429465B1 (en) * 1999-12-13 2002-08-06 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Nitride semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same
US20020020850A1 (en) 2000-05-22 2002-02-21 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Photonic device, a substrate for fabricating a photonic device, a method for fabricating the photonic device and a method for manufacturing the photonic device-fabricating substrate

Non-Patent Citations (7)

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Title
"Biaxial strain in AlxGa1-xN/GaN layers deposited on 6H-SiC," Perry et al., Thin Solid Films, Elsevier (pub.), 324(1998) pp. 107-114, No Month.
"Biaxial strain in AlxGa1-xN/GaN layers deposited on 6H-SiC,", Perry et al., Thin Solid Films, Elsevier (pub.), 324(1998) pp. 107-114.
"Structural characterization of Al1-xInxN lattice-matched to GaN," Kariya et al., Journal of Crystal Growth, Elsevier (pub.), 209(2000) pp. 419-423.
"Structural characterization of Al1-xInxN lattice-matched to GaN," Kariya et al., Journalof Crystal Growth, Elsevier (pub.), 209(2000) pp. 419-423, No Month.
U.S. copending application 10/074,589, Tomohiko Shibata et al., filed Feb. 13, 2002.
U.S. copending application 10/102,545, Tomohiko Shibata et al., filed Mar. 20, 2002.
U.S. copending application 10/163,256, Tomohiko Shibata et al., filed Jun. 5, 2002.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090000618A1 (en) * 2004-09-20 2009-01-01 Sydney Warren Single sided housing for medical canula tubing combining wireless cellular phone and audio technology with oxygen delivery systems

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JP2002193699A (ja) 2002-07-10
EP1199388A1 (fr) 2002-04-24
EP1199388B1 (fr) 2013-01-16
US20020081463A1 (en) 2002-06-27
JP3941449B2 (ja) 2007-07-04

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