US66310A - Improved method of effecting the cementation of bails, axles - Google Patents
Improved method of effecting the cementation of bails, axles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US66310A US66310A US66310DA US66310A US 66310 A US66310 A US 66310A US 66310D A US66310D A US 66310DA US 66310 A US66310 A US 66310A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- axles
- cementation
- improved method
- bails
- effecting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000023298 conjugation with cellular fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000021037 unidirectional conjugation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- My invention of improvements in the manufacture and treatment of railway bars and axles, and of other articles of iron relates to a new and improved method of producing an iron rod, plate, or" bar with a hardened or steeled surface without welding, and without blistering the steel, and consists in treating the surface of the bar or plate in a cementing furnace with a mixture of carbonaceous matter, potash or other alkaline matter, and carbonate or bicarbonate of lime (as marble chippings, gypsum, oyster shells, 8tc.,) or other matter containing lime, said invention having been made the subject of Letters Patent in the Kingdom of Great Britain, which bear date the first day of December, 1865, and the seventh day of March, 1853.
- the novelty of my invention consists mainly in the use of a mixture of carbon, alkaline matter, and lime for steeling any desired iron surface by ccmentation thereof in a suitable furnace, the process of cementation being thereby effected at a lower temperature than in the ordinary methods, so that the iron is consequently converted into steel without blistering.
- an ordinary cementing furnace maybe used, but I prefer to make use of a furnace so constructed as thatit may not only be charged but also discharged of any portion of its contents when the heat is up, without affecting the treatment of the remainder, or the general operation of the furnace, and without tearing down or injuring any portion thereof, and so provided with dampers and flue-valves for regulating the heat as to insure uniformity in the process of cementation and in the quality of steel produced.
- the iron axle or other article to be hardened is placed in the cementing chamber of the furnace and covered with a mixture of any suitable carbonaceous matter, (charcoal by preference,) with 'potash or other alkaline matter, and carbonate or bicarbonate of lime, or matter containing lime, and heated to a bright red'heat contin- 'uoirsly for say five or six days, more or less, and is thereafter removed and rolled or hammered while yet hot and without ire-heating.
- the proportions in which I prefer to use these ingredients are ninety-six parts of charcoal, one part and a half of alkaline matter, and two partsand a half of lime by measurement, but do not confine myself to these proportions.
Description
THOMAS WEATHERBURN DODDS, 0F ROTHERHAM, ENGLAND. Letters Patent No. 66,310, dated July 2, 1867; patented in England December 1, 71865.
IMPROVED METHOD 0]? EFFEGTING THE GEMBNTPITION OF RAILS, AXLES, due.
We ,Sdgrhuls meant an flgese Ztrttert again ma mating put of flge Sllliit.
TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
' Be it known that I, THOMAS WEATIIERBURN DODDS, have invented Improvements in the Me-iufacture and Treatment of Railway Bars and Axles; also in the Construction of Furnaces, Machinery, and Apparatus connected therewith and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description of the said invention.
My invention of improvements in the manufacture and treatment of railway bars and axles, and of other articles of iron, relates to a new and improved method of producing an iron rod, plate, or" bar with a hardened or steeled surface without welding, and without blistering the steel, and consists in treating the surface of the bar or plate in a cementing furnace with a mixture of carbonaceous matter, potash or other alkaline matter, and carbonate or bicarbonate of lime (as marble chippings, gypsum, oyster shells, 8tc.,) or other matter containing lime, said invention having been made the subject of Letters Patent in the Kingdom of Great Britain, which bear date the first day of December, 1865, and the seventh day of March, 1853.
The novelty of my invention consists mainly in the use of a mixture of carbon, alkaline matter, and lime for steeling any desired iron surface by ccmentation thereof in a suitable furnace, the process of cementation being thereby effected at a lower temperature than in the ordinary methods, so that the iron is consequently converted into steel without blistering.
In carrying my invention into operation and effect, an ordinary cementing furnace maybe used, but I prefer to make use of a furnace so constructed as thatit may not only be charged but also discharged of any portion of its contents when the heat is up, without affecting the treatment of the remainder, or the general operation of the furnace, and without tearing down or injuring any portion thereof, and so provided with dampers and flue-valves for regulating the heat as to insure uniformity in the process of cementation and in the quality of steel produced. i
The iron axle or other article to be hardened is placed in the cementing chamber of the furnace and covered with a mixture of any suitable carbonaceous matter, (charcoal by preference,) with 'potash or other alkaline matter, and carbonate or bicarbonate of lime, or matter containing lime, and heated to a bright red'heat contin- 'uoirsly for say five or six days, more or less, and is thereafter removed and rolled or hammered while yet hot and without ire-heating. The proportions in which I prefer to use these ingredients are ninety-six parts of charcoal, one part and a half of alkaline matter, and two partsand a half of lime by measurement, but do not confine myself to these proportions.
In Bteelin'g by this method the heads of railway bars, the head alone is exposed to the cementing process, the remainder of the bar being protected by burying the same in clay or other material. To perfect and finish railway bars or axles which have by this process been steeled on their surface to the required depth, they are Withdrawn from the furnace without letting down the heat to any great degree, and are introduced without re-heating between heavy rolls, by which the wearing surfaces are condensed and hardenedas required. 1 Instead of using rolls the wearing surfaces may, if preferred, be condensed by hammering with any convenient arrangement of hammers.
Having thus described my invention, and.especially its application to the production of hardened axles and steel-headed railway bars, I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent- The conversion of an iron surface into steel by treating the same in a suitable cementing furnace with a mixture composed of charcoal or other carbonaceous matter, potash or otheralkaline matter, and lime, or matter containing lime, substantially as herein set forth. I
In witness whereof I, the said THOMAS WEATHERBURN DoDDs, have hereunto set my hand and seal, the tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sirrty-six.
T. W. DODDS. EL. s.]
Witnesses:
FRANCIS HOOLE, Notary Public, WM. UNWIN, Solicitor, Sheflield.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US66310A true US66310A (en) | 1867-07-02 |
Family
ID=2135836
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US66310D Expired - Lifetime US66310A (en) | Improved method of effecting the cementation of bails, axles |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US66310A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2492561A (en) * | 1946-05-18 | 1949-12-27 | Crane Co | Packing composition for removal of zinc from zinc-coated articles |
-
0
- US US66310D patent/US66310A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2492561A (en) * | 1946-05-18 | 1949-12-27 | Crane Co | Packing composition for removal of zinc from zinc-coated articles |
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