US428446A - Francis g - Google Patents
Francis g Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US428446A US428446A US428446DA US428446A US 428446 A US428446 A US 428446A US 428446D A US428446D A US 428446DA US 428446 A US428446 A US 428446A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- articles
- francis
- carbon
- silica
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 22
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001296 Malleable iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
- C23C8/64—Carburising
- C23C8/66—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES FRANCIS G. BATES, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE P TENT QFFICE.
BATES STEEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.v
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING STEEL.
SPECIFICATION forming part of LettersPatent No. 428,446, dated May 20, 1890. Application filed October 29, 1887. Renewed January 6, 1890. Serial No. 335,950. (No specimens.)
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, FRANCIS G. BATES, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel, of which the following is a specification. The object of my invention is to convert articles of cast, malleable, or wrought iron or Bessemer steel or steel castings into steel of re any degree of hardness and of such character that it is capable of being tempered and of receiving and retaining a sharp cutting-edge, so that it is available for the manufacture of tools of all kinds.
In carrying out my invention I subject any of the metals above alluded to to the action of heat when in contact with carbon, silica, and alumina.
In treating the articles which are to be converted into steel I pack them, with the compound of carbon, silica, and alumina, in a suitable flask, so that each article will be surrounded by said compound. The flask is then closed so as to be air-tight, and is then sub- 2 5 j ected to a gradually-increasing temperature until it reaches a white heat, at which temperature it is maintained for a period which will vary depending upon the bulk of the articles being treated, articles of large bulk requiring treatment for a longer time than smaller articles.
The proportions of the different ingredients in the compound used in carrying out my invention in this way may vary, the range being from five to thirty parts, by weight, of carbon, eighty to one hundred parts of silica, and ten to twenty parts of alumina, the variations in the amounts of carbon and silica being determined by the desired hardness of the steel to be produced, while the variations I in the amount of alumina are governed by the desired malleability of the product. A large proportion of carbon may also be used when the articles which are being treated are of large bulk or where it is desired to shorten 5 the time of treatment.
WVhen the articles are removed from the flask, they are by preference permitted to cool rapidly, so as to hasten the contraction.
Ihave found that castings of malleable iron, steel castings, and-articles of wrought-iron or Bessemer steel, when subjected to treatment in accordance with my invention, will change in character and acquire a fine grain and homogeneous structure, while at the same time they are rendered so hard that they are available for use in the manufacture of all kinds of cutting-tools.
In carrying out my invention it is advisable to moisten the compound before applying heat, in order that hydrogen gas may be generated during the treating operation, the process being thereby facilitated.
Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent- The within-described mode of converting into steel of any desired degree of hardness or quality iron of any description or low steel, said mode consisting in packing the articles in a tight flask with carbon, silica, and alu- 7o mina, in proportions substantially as specified, and then subjecting the closed flask and its contents to the action of heat, as set forth. In testimony whereofI have signed my nam eto this specification in the presence of two sub- 7 5 scribing witnesses.
FRANCIS G. BATES. \Vitnesses:
WILLIAM D. GONNER, HARRY SMITH.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US428446A true US428446A (en) | 1890-05-20 |
Family
ID=2497356
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US428446D Expired - Lifetime US428446A (en) | Francis g |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US428446A (en) |
-
0
- US US428446D patent/US428446A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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