US6539779B2 - Support system with radially rigid wire suspension - Google Patents

Support system with radially rigid wire suspension Download PDF

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Publication number
US6539779B2
US6539779B2 US08/962,556 US96255697A US6539779B2 US 6539779 B2 US6539779 B2 US 6539779B2 US 96255697 A US96255697 A US 96255697A US 6539779 B2 US6539779 B2 US 6539779B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
wire
sensing
rotatable structure
rotatable
axial
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Expired - Fee Related
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US08/962,556
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US20020046597A1 (en
Inventor
David A. Brookfield
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Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc
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Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
    • G01N11/14—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to instrument systems for measuring rotational torque and is characterized by a rigid axial and radial support for the torque interconnect element.
  • State of the art torque interconnects such as coiled springs suffer high speed and rotational forces and weak radial alignment from significant errors introduced by wire stretching and frictional drag.
  • Some examples of state of the art instruments are the DV-2, 3 viscometers of Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc., Stoughton, Mass., U.S.A.
  • the invention comprises measuring or responsive instruments, including (but not limited to) viscometers, having a music wire ( 20 ) or like high tensile wire support between driving/driven shaft assemblies ( 18 , 16 ) and appropriate mounting to eliminate drag, friction, radial misalignment, vibration problems, especially at high rotational speeds, and afford an enhanced accuracy and speed of measurement or other response of the instrument as a whole, including such specific features allowing large angular deflections or small ones (full scale under one degree) and axial and radial rigidity.
  • the instrument can also be used with a plate for oscillation and normal force measurements.
  • the invention provides a wire torsion mount of high tensile strength, e.g. music wire, a hardened steel wire with a tensile strength of 90,000 psi with an elastic modulus (E) of 27.6 ⁇ 10 6 psi and shearing modulus (G) in torsion of 10.6 ⁇ 10 6 psi.
  • E elastic modulus
  • G shearing modulus
  • the invention is applicable broadly to wires with E & G values sufficiently high to provide axial support while allowing significant elastic deformation in torsional rotation.
  • the wire avoids permanent axial deformation even when supporting axial loads of 10 pounds or more (typically 2-4 pounds in the following context of the next paragraph, but other loads in other contexts).
  • wires of 0.003-0.025 inch diameter wires are used, typically 0.006 inch or 0.012.
  • Such a wire is mounted at the center of rotation of a rotational drive system of a viscometer and because of its small diameter and relatively long length (typically two inches in relation to a 0.012′′ diameter wire and generally over 100:1 length to diameter), has low rotational torque and essentially no centrifugal force even when rotated at high speeds.
  • a range of torque of 0 to 10,000 dyne-cm typically, about 7,000
  • the wire is surrounded near or at each end by a jewel bearing for radial support, thereby assuring accurate concentric alignment of the rotational drive system. Radial deflection tendencies of the torsion assembly are substantially counter-acted by the bearing.
  • the foregoing length to diameter considerations can be modified in certain situations, e.g. the multiple wire arrangements of certain embodiments described below.
  • Small deflection angles can be generated using shorter lengths and/or lower length to diameter ratios (i.e. over 50:1). The smaller angle allows a lower stiffness and/or a higher sensitivity at a given stiffness or a combination of these factors.
  • the wire torsional modulus and wire diameter are such as to provide a torsional resistance over an angle of less than 2° under 10,000 dyne cm.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section view of a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are expanded sectional views of upper and lower mount portions thereof and FIG. 1C is a lateral cross-section view taken as indicated at C—C in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section view of another preferred embodiment utilizing multiple linked wires
  • FIGS. 2A, 2 B and 2 C as applied to FIG. 2 correspond to FIGS. 1A, 1 B, 1 C
  • FIG. 2D is an expanded view of the wire link.
  • FIG. 1 shows a viscometer instrument 10 comprising a rotational driven member 12 (spindle) with a measuring surface 14 and a support shaft 16 for interaction with the fluid to be measured.
  • a motor M and gearing G provide high speed rotational drive to a device assembly 18 which is interconnected to the support shaft not by the usual calibrated spiral spring but rather by an elongated 2-6 inch, typically 4 inch, wire 20 made of high strength wire material, or the like, as described above.
  • a non-limiting example of such wire is the wire type known as music wire.
  • the effect of viscosity of a fluid encountered by the element 12 is to cause a twist of the wire 20 over an angular range of approximately 80° full scale.
  • a read out transducer or other display or conversion device can be provided as indicated at 22 , using slip rings at 24 , to measure to within 0.001 or better of full scale deflection. More angular deflection allows greater sensitivity. However, it is imperative to keep the deflection well within the pure elastic range of the wire material.
  • the wire is held in mounting pins P between a top mount 26 and bottom mount 28 .
  • the top mount shown in FIG. 1A includes a set screw 26 - 1 which can be loosened and retightened for setting a zero angle setting.
  • a block ( 26 - 2 ) locked to the drive train acts as a non-destructive clamp for the upper end of the wire assembly.
  • a ring 26 - 3 is glued or fitted to the wire, to act as a stop for axial positioning and control of upward movement of tube 20 - 1 , typically limiting movement to 0.003-005′′.
  • the bottom mount (FIG. 1B) comprises the music wire pressed in a 0.062′′ diameter pin P with an appropriate bore to receive the wire.
  • a rotatable tube 20 - 1 surrounds and is rotatably held with wire 20 .
  • the annulus ( 20 - 2 ) between the wire and tube can be filled with a damping fluid (e.g. a high viscosity silicone oil or similar fluids).
  • the top pin P 1 (FIG. 1A) is in a jewel bearing 26 - 4 under the stop 26 - 3 and the lower pin P (FIG. 1B) is in a jewel bearing 26 - 5 .
  • a tube 18 - 6 surrounds tube 20 - 1 for part but not all its length (FIGS. 1, 1 A) and the slip rings 24 are on its outer surface.
  • the rotating drive structure as a whole comprises the power train M, G and a two part rotatable drive, comprising (a) tubular shaft 16 , and tube 20 - 1 , and (b) the structure 18 (including 18 - 1 , 18 - 2 , 18 - 3 , 18 - 4 , 18 - 5 and 18 - 6 ) wherein one of the parts is suspended from the other via wire 20 (specifically in FIGS. 1, 1 A, 1 B, 1 C, 16 being suspended from 18 via the wire).
  • a fixed structure plate 30 of the instrument accommodates a necked down section 32 of the rotating assembly for rotation within a bearing or bushing 31 .
  • the rotating assembly as a whole has an axially and radially rigid suspension, does not require axial bearings for the critical wire 20 or tube 20 - 1 (bushing 31 does not detract from sensitivity) and is a breakthrough in sensitive suspension design.
  • the top and bottom mounts of the wire hold it rigid radially, but do not interfere circumferentially and provide for rigid and substantial axial support.
  • tube 7 surrounds sensing shaft 16 and is connected rigidly to the driven shaft 18 - 4 , the non-symmetrical section of the rotating sensing shaft assembly is covered by likewise rotating portions thereby eliminating air turbulence and windage effects at high rotational speeds.
  • the torsional assembly is useful in viscometers and other instruments (e.g. dial displays of volt-meters, ammeters and other electrometers), magnetism sensors and torque sensors in general and in non-instrument contexts (e.g. motors for clockwork, displays, vane supports pointers).
  • the latter is a driven (tubular) shaft locked to shaft 16 at the lower end.
  • the drive or driver components include 18 - 1 , 18 - 2 , 18 - 3 , 18 - 4 all driven directly by M/G and driving shaft 16 subject to angular deflection therebetween taken up at twisted wire 20 .
  • FIGS. 2, 2 A, 2 B, 2 C, 2 D The further preferred embodiment of an instrument 10 ′ shown in FIGS. 2, 2 A, 2 B, 2 C, 2 D is identical to the FIG. 1 embodiment with the important difference that the wire 20 is subdivided into sections 20 A, 20 B with meeting ends fixed in a middle pin P′.
  • This arrangement has the advantage that both ends of the support wire assembly are fixed to the driven portion 18 - 4 with the wire jewel bearing supports mounted on the sensing shaft 20 - 1 . Axial play is thus totally eliminated with no loss in sensitivity or increase in friction. However, this arrangement does provide greater rotational stiffness and will require smaller wire sizes and/or lesser angles of deflection for full scale.
  • One major advantage herein is it enables a rheogram instrument providing quick, continuous tracking of rheological properties at varying rotational speeds without the need for settling in time at each new speed setting.
  • a rheogram instrument providing quick, continuous tracking of rheological properties at varying rotational speeds without the need for settling in time at each new speed setting.
  • the wire assembly of FIG. 2 flexes, but is fully locked against axial movement (compared to slight axial play in FIG. 1 ).

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  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Flexible Shafts (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
US08/962,556 1994-12-29 1997-10-31 Support system with radially rigid wire suspension Expired - Fee Related US6539779B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/962,556 US6539779B2 (en) 1994-12-29 1997-10-31 Support system with radially rigid wire suspension

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US36582894A 1994-12-29 1994-12-29
US80332097A 1997-02-21 1997-02-21
US08/962,556 US6539779B2 (en) 1994-12-29 1997-10-31 Support system with radially rigid wire suspension

Related Parent Applications (1)

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US80332097A Continuation 1994-12-29 1997-02-21

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US20020046597A1 US20020046597A1 (en) 2002-04-25
US6539779B2 true US6539779B2 (en) 2003-04-01

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US (1) US6539779B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0871852A2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP3904600B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
KR (1) KR100392342B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CN (1) CN1124481C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR9510461A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA2208974C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO1996021849A2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014025331A1 (en) * 2012-08-10 2014-02-13 Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc. Improved viscometer
US9267871B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2016-02-23 Thermo Electron (Karlsruhe) Gmbh Rheometer or viscometer
US10613010B2 (en) * 2017-12-06 2020-04-07 Ametek, Inc. Intertial torque device for viscometer calibration and rheology measurements

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9243882B2 (en) * 2011-04-15 2016-01-26 Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Low friction rheometer
CN105121643A (zh) 2013-03-18 2015-12-02 凯杰有限公司 细胞外核酸的稳定化和分离
CN103940735B (zh) * 2014-04-29 2016-03-30 湖南大学 一种锚或桩与土的界面摩阻性能试验系统及试验方法
CN103940652B (zh) * 2014-04-29 2016-07-06 湖南大学 一种用于锚或桩与土界面摩阻性能试验的样坯制作装置及方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2303162A (en) * 1940-08-13 1942-11-24 Carter Coal Company Apparatus for measuring thixotropy
US2796758A (en) * 1955-01-25 1957-06-25 Olihn Mathieson Chemical Corp Viscometer
US2957339A (en) * 1957-03-22 1960-10-25 Penny Francis David Viscometer
US3727452A (en) * 1971-08-05 1973-04-17 Parke Davis & Co Vapor guard viscometer
US4175425A (en) * 1977-04-08 1979-11-27 Brookfield David A Viscometer
US4214475A (en) * 1978-06-30 1980-07-29 Texaco Inc. Adapter for a sensitive viscometer
GB2066483A (en) * 1979-12-04 1981-07-08 Crosfield Electronics Ltd Viscosity measuring device
US5763766A (en) * 1993-12-17 1998-06-09 Baker Hughes Incorporated Viscometer

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2303162A (en) * 1940-08-13 1942-11-24 Carter Coal Company Apparatus for measuring thixotropy
US2796758A (en) * 1955-01-25 1957-06-25 Olihn Mathieson Chemical Corp Viscometer
US2957339A (en) * 1957-03-22 1960-10-25 Penny Francis David Viscometer
US3727452A (en) * 1971-08-05 1973-04-17 Parke Davis & Co Vapor guard viscometer
US4175425A (en) * 1977-04-08 1979-11-27 Brookfield David A Viscometer
US4214475A (en) * 1978-06-30 1980-07-29 Texaco Inc. Adapter for a sensitive viscometer
GB2066483A (en) * 1979-12-04 1981-07-08 Crosfield Electronics Ltd Viscosity measuring device
US5763766A (en) * 1993-12-17 1998-06-09 Baker Hughes Incorporated Viscometer

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9267871B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2016-02-23 Thermo Electron (Karlsruhe) Gmbh Rheometer or viscometer
WO2014025331A1 (en) * 2012-08-10 2014-02-13 Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc. Improved viscometer
US10613010B2 (en) * 2017-12-06 2020-04-07 Ametek, Inc. Intertial torque device for viscometer calibration and rheology measurements

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1996021849A2 (en) 1996-07-18
EP0871852A4 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1998-11-25
CA2208974C (en) 2007-03-27
BR9510461A (pt) 2004-01-06
CN1124481C (zh) 2003-10-15
WO1996021849A3 (en) 1996-09-12
JP3904600B2 (ja) 2007-04-11
CA2208974A1 (en) 1996-07-18
EP0871852A2 (en) 1998-10-21
US20020046597A1 (en) 2002-04-25
CN1171842A (zh) 1998-01-28
JPH10512367A (ja) 1998-11-24
KR980700561A (ko) 1998-03-30
KR100392342B1 (ko) 2003-10-23

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