US6494277B1 - Hybrid electric vehicle system - Google Patents

Hybrid electric vehicle system Download PDF

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Publication number
US6494277B1
US6494277B1 US09/710,522 US71052200A US6494277B1 US 6494277 B1 US6494277 B1 US 6494277B1 US 71052200 A US71052200 A US 71052200A US 6494277 B1 US6494277 B1 US 6494277B1
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Prior art keywords
engine
torque
generator
setting
running indicator
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US09/710,522
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David Lee Boggs
Stephen Richard Burke
Stephen John Kotre
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Ford Motor Co
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Ford Motor Co
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Assigned to FORD MOTOR COMPANY A DELAWARE CORPORATION reassignment FORD MOTOR COMPANY A DELAWARE CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BOGGS, DAVID L., BURKE, STEVE R., KOTRE, STEPHEN J.
Priority to GB0123885A priority patent/GB2371086B/en
Priority to JP2001340778A priority patent/JP2002206438A/ja
Priority to CA002361471A priority patent/CA2361471A1/en
Priority to DE10154724A priority patent/DE10154724B4/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/11—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand using model predictive control [MPC] strategies, i.e. control methods based on models predicting performance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D45/00—Electrical control not provided for in groups F02D41/00 - F02D43/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/443—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0657—Engine torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2510/083—Torque
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/18—Control of the engine output torque
    • F02D2250/24—Control of the engine output torque by using an external load, e.g. a generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/915—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/916—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev with plurality of drive axles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to internal combustion engines for automotive vehicles, and more specifically, to an automotive vehicle having a motor/generator coupled to the engine. Further, the present invention relates, in particular, to a method for determining that the engine is producing torque in a hybrid electric vehicle.
  • Hybrid electric vehicles utilize both an internal combustion engine and one or more electric machines (e.g., motors/generators) to generate power and torque.
  • the electric motor/generator within a hybrid electric vehicle provides the vehicle with additional degrees of freedom in delivering the driver-demanded wheel torque and may also be used to control the speed of the engine.
  • the electric generator and the internal combustion engine are interconnected by use of a planetary gear set, and the electric generator selectively provides a reaction torque which may be used to control the speed of the engine.
  • the motor/generator functions as a starter. While functioning as a starter, the motor/generator provides a sufficient amount of starting torque to rotate the crankshaft of the engine before the cylinders are fired. After the engine is fired, an amount of engine torque is provided to the crankshaft from the combustion process in the cylinders. Once the engine is running, the motor/generator functions as a generator in which electric power is generated by the output rotation of the engine. This power is then used to charge the electrical system of the vehicle including an energy storage device which, in turn, is used to drive a traction motor.
  • the engine may be shut down during vehicle stops or other operating conditions. Thus, many startups could occur over the course of a trip. In such applications, the vehicle system controller requires a reliable indication that the engine has started and is running before making torque requests of the engine controller.
  • a method of determining an operating state of an internal combustion engine in a hybrid electric vehicle drive system comprises an internal combustion engine coupled to a generator.
  • the engine includes fuel injectors responsive to a fuel command.
  • the method comprises the steps of determining an ON/OFF status of the fuel command and determining the generator torque.
  • the generator torque provides an indication of the actual engine torque.
  • An engine running flag is set ON when the fuel command is ON and the generator torque value is above a predetermined value. Otherwise, the engine running flag is set OFF.
  • the actual engine torque as derived from the generator torque is compared to a commanded engine torque value.
  • An engine running flag is set ON when the fuel command is ON and the difference between the actual and commanded engine torques is less than a predetermined value.
  • One advantage of the invention is that the vehicle system controller has a reliable indication that the engine has started and is running before torque requests are made of the engine.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the drive system of a hybrid electric vehicle wherein the present invention may be used to advantage.
  • FIG. 2 shows a logic flow diagram of one method of determining an engine running condition according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a crankshaft torque graph for different operating states according to the present invention.
  • a hybrid electric vehicle 10 having an internal combustion engine 12 , an electric motor/generator 42 , and an electric traction motor 63 .
  • the internal combustion engine 12 includes cylinders 14 with pistons 16 located therein.
  • Each cylinder 14 is coupled to a fuel pump 18 through fuel lines and a fuel injector 17 or other fuel delivery system.
  • Each cylinder 14 also has a spark plug 20 or other ignition source coupled to a powertrain control unit.
  • a powertrain control unit (PCU) 22 controls the ignition timing and fuel delivery operation in a conventional manner subject to the improvements of the present invention.
  • the configuration of FIG. 1 is illustrative of an HEV system wherein the present invention may be used to advantage. The present invention, however, is applicable to any HEV that has the capability of stopping the engine while the controllers are kept operational.
  • FIG. 1 The configuration of FIG. 1 is referred to as a “powersplit” configuration wherein a planetary gearset 20 within transaxle 26 couples the engine 12 , motor/generator 42 , and traction motor 63 .
  • the engine 12 is connected to the carrier 34
  • the motor/generator 42 is connected to the sun gear 24
  • the traction motor 63 is connected to the ring gear 28 via an additional gearset 17 .
  • the driveline 30 of transaxle 26 then provides power to the wheels 32 .
  • the present invention is also applicable to four wheel drive systems in which all of the wheels 32 are driven.
  • the drive system 10 further includes a conventional one-way clutch 52 that selectively and operatively engages and disengages the output shaft 51 of the engine 12 .
  • the drive system also includes a brake and clutch assembly 44 that selectively and operatively engages the rotor (not shown) of motor/generator 42 .
  • Planetary gearset 20 allows the engine 12 and generator 42 to cooperate as a single power source which provides a single power or torque output from the ring gear of the planetary gearset 20 to the driveline 30 .
  • the planetary gearset 20 serves as a power split device that splits the output from engine 12 to the generator 42 and to the driveline 30 .
  • Generator 42 selectively provides a negative reaction torque to the engine-produced torque, thereby controlling the engine speed. By doing so, generator 42 converts rotational energy to electrical energy which is stored within the energy storage device 58 and which can be used to power the motor 63 and various other electrical components of the vehicle.
  • motor/generator 42 is used as a starter during engine startup and as a generator (alternator) to supply power to recharge the batteries of the vehicle.
  • the planetary gearset transaxle 26 has a transaxle management unit (TMU) 54 that commands the generator 42 and electric traction motor 63 .
  • TMU transaxle management unit
  • a vehicle system controller (VSC) 70 communicates with the PCU 22 and TMU 54 over a controller area network (CAN) and dictates the overall vehicle operating modes and how best to deliver the driver requested wheel torque.
  • the powertrain controller 22 and vehicle system controller 70 may in practice be contained in a single module.
  • a conventional energy storage device 58 comprising one or more batteries or other charge storage device is electrically coupled to generator 42 and traction motor 63 .
  • Electrical energy storage device 58 receives and provides power from/to generator 42 and traction motor 63 via high voltage bus.
  • the electric traction motor 63 is a conventional electric motor which acts as a “third power source” that provides torque and power to the vehicle's drive line independently from the other power sources (i.e., engine 12 and generator 42 ). In this manner, the three power sources (i.e., the internal combustion engine 12 , generator 42 , and the electric traction motor 63 ) cooperatively deliver torque and power to the vehicle simultaneously and independently.
  • the electric motor 63 further converts drivetrain energy into electrical energy by operating as a generator during regenerative braking.
  • the vehicle system controller (VSC) 70 is electrically and communicatively coupled to conventional user or driver operated controls or components and to one or more conventional vehicle operating condition sensors 53 .
  • Controller 70 receives signals and/or commands generated by driver inputs and vehicle operating condition sensors 53 (e.g., gear selection, accelerator position, braking effort commands, engine speed), and processes and utilizes the received signals to determine the amount of torque which is to be provided to the vehicle's drive train.
  • Controller 70 then generates commands to the appropriate subsystems or controllers such as PCU 22 and TMU 54 which selectively provide the desired torque to the drive train.
  • VSC 70 determines the total amount of torque which is to be provided or delivered to drive train and partitions or divides the torque among the various subsystems.
  • Each controller 22 , 54 , 70 includes one or more microprocessors and/or integrated circuits which cooperatively control the operation of the propulsion system 10 .
  • VSC 70 receives commands, data, and/or signals from driver operated controls and from vehicle sensors 53 . Based upon this received data, controller 70 calculates or determines the overall amount of torque which is being demanded or requested by the driver/user of the vehicle. Upon determining the desired or demanded torque, controller 70 communicates control signals, effective to cause engine 12 , generator 42 and traction motor 63 to cooperatively provide the demanded torque to drive train. VSC 70 further monitors the speed of engine 12 and selectively and controllably activates generator 42 and clutch assembly 52 to hold or maintain the speed of engine 12 at a desired level, range or value. This may be done in addition to, or in lieu of, the torque produced by the generator motor production of electricity.
  • the starting process of engine 12 is initiated by a command from the VSC 70 in response to a key placed in the ignition position or as determined by the VSC's optimal operating scheme for delivering the driver requested torque.
  • energy storage device 58 provides electrical power for motor/generator 42 .
  • the motor/generator 42 rotates the rotor which in turn rotates crankshaft 51 of engine 12 .
  • VSC 70 commands the generator 42 to control speed to a target value. In doing so, the engine is spun to a proportional fixed speed. Since the generator 42 is using energy in the process, the generator torque (T G ) is negative.
  • the PCU 22 starts the engine 12 by supplying fuel through fuel pump 16 and injectors 17 and controlling the spark timing through spark plugs 20 .
  • the VSC 70 triggers the starting of the combustion process in the engine.
  • the required torque of the motor generator 42 becomes “less negative” to maintain the target speed. In other words, the generator torque decreases in the negative or “consuming” energy region, and then increases in the positive or “generating” energy region.
  • the motor/generator 42 can be used in a generating mode.
  • FIG. 2 shows a logic flow diagram of one method of determining an engine running condition according to the present invention.
  • the logic is contained in the PCU 22 , although it could also reside in the VSC 54 .
  • the PCU queries the status of fuel injectors. If the fuel injectors are commanded ON, the logic continues to step 102 , otherwise, the routine continues to step 108 .
  • step 102 the generator torque, as measured by the motor/generator, is determined and is stored as variable T G .
  • the generator torque, T G is determined by measuring the electrical current flowing out of the generator. The torque is directly proportional to the current. Current measurement is accomplished with sensors.
  • step 104 it is determined whether the engine is producing torque. This is accomplished by comparing the generator torque T G to a predetermined threshold value. If the generator torque is more than the threshold value, then it follows that the engine is producing torque.
  • FIG. 3 shows the generator torque for the different operating modes of the present invention.
  • the motor/generator when the motor/generator is being used to motor the engine, it is producing a negative torque value such as shown in region 200 of FIG. 2 .
  • the generator When the engine is running as shown in region 202 , however, the generator will be receiving torque from the engine and indeed, will be functioning as a generator and have a positive torque associated therewith.
  • the Engine_running flag in the PCU is set equal to 1.
  • step 108 if neither condition is met, the Engine_running flag is cleared (set equal to 0), and the routine terminates.
  • the engine torque can be inferred from the measured generator torque in step 102 .
  • This inferred engine torque can then be compared to a calibratable threshold for engine torque and, if the engine torque exceeded the threshold, it would indicate that combustion is occurring and that the engine is ready to be controlled in a torque-based control manner.
  • it can be determined whether the inferred engine torque is within a calibratable range of the commanded engine torque and, if so, it would indicate that combustion is occurring and that the engine is ready to be controlled in a torque-based control manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
US09/710,522 2000-11-09 2000-11-09 Hybrid electric vehicle system Expired - Lifetime US6494277B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

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US09/710,522 US6494277B1 (en) 2000-11-09 2000-11-09 Hybrid electric vehicle system
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JP2001340778A JP2002206438A (ja) 2000-11-09 2001-11-06 ハイブリッド電気自動車システム
CA002361471A CA2361471A1 (en) 2000-11-09 2001-11-08 Hybrid electric vehicle system
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