US6422532B1 - Severe service valve positioner - Google Patents

Severe service valve positioner Download PDF

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Publication number
US6422532B1
US6422532B1 US09/516,732 US51673200A US6422532B1 US 6422532 B1 US6422532 B1 US 6422532B1 US 51673200 A US51673200 A US 51673200A US 6422532 B1 US6422532 B1 US 6422532B1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
potentiometer
valve
valve positioner
service cartridge
positioner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US09/516,732
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English (en)
Inventor
Ronald N. Garner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Systems USA Inc
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Invensys Systems Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Invensys Systems Inc filed Critical Invensys Systems Inc
Priority to US09/516,732 priority Critical patent/US6422532B1/en
Assigned to FOXBORO COMPANY, THE reassignment FOXBORO COMPANY, THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GARNER, RONALD N.
Priority to EP01104500A priority patent/EP1138994A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6422532B1 publication Critical patent/US6422532B1/en
Assigned to DEUTSCHE BANK AG, LONDON reassignment DEUTSCHE BANK AG, LONDON SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INVENSYS SYSTEMS, INC.
Assigned to INVENSYS SYSTEMS, INC. reassignment INVENSYS SYSTEMS, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: THE FOXBORO COMPANY
Assigned to DEUTSCHE BANK AG, LONDON BRANCH reassignment DEUTSCHE BANK AG, LONDON BRANCH SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: INVENSYS SYSTEMS, INC.
Assigned to INVENSYS SYSTEMS, INC. reassignment INVENSYS SYSTEMS, INC. RELEASE AND TERMINATION OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PA Assignors: DEUTSCHE BANK AG LONDON
Assigned to INVENSYS SYSTEMS, INC. reassignment INVENSYS SYSTEMS, INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DEUTSCHE BANK, AG, LONDON BRANCH
Assigned to SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC SYSTEMS USA, INC. reassignment SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC SYSTEMS USA, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INVENSYS SYSTEMS, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K37/00—Special means in or on valves or other cut-off apparatus for indicating or recording operation thereof, or for enabling an alarm to be given
    • F16K37/0058—Optical means, e.g. light transmission, observation ports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/04—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a motor
    • F16K31/041—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a motor for rotating valves
    • F16K31/043—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a motor for rotating valves characterised by mechanical means between the motor and the valve, e.g. lost motion means reducing backlash, clutches, brakes or return means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2278—Pressure modulating relays or followers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2278—Pressure modulating relays or followers
    • Y10T137/2409—With counter-balancing pressure feedback to the modulating device
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7758—Pilot or servo controlled
    • Y10T137/7761—Electrically actuated valve

Definitions

  • a valve positioner controls the open/closed position of a valve in response to a digital or analog electrical signal.
  • Valve positioners may be used under a variety of conditions. For example, a valve positioner may be exposed to an environment in which a spark from the positioner could ignite explosive fumes. A severe service valve positioner is designed to operate in such conditions without initiating an explosion or other hazard.
  • valve positioner employs an electro-pneumatic converter to convert an electrical control signal to a pneumatic signal for use in controlling the position of a valve.
  • electro-pneumatic converter to convert an electrical control signal to a pneumatic signal for use in controlling the position of a valve.
  • these devices are installed in potentially hazardous explosive environments.
  • the electrical and pneumatic components may be isolated within an explosion-proof housing of the positioner. In the event that maintenance of the valve positioner is required, the electric power is disconnected and, typically, the entire device is removed from the potentially hazardous environment. This is often time-consuming and expensive.
  • a severe service valve positioner for switching the position of a valve between an “open” position and a “closed” position is designed to operate in potentially explosive environments.
  • the positioner includes the following components: a housing structure; a service cartridge, including an electronics compartment and an electro-pneumatic compartment; a pneumatic assembly; and a field termination assembly.
  • the service cartridge is completely modular and detachable from the housing structure, thereby allowing the service cartridge to be removed from the valve positioner quickly and easily for service or routine maintenance.
  • the electronics compartment includes a controller assembly, which includes a potentiometer having a lockable setting and a reduction gear for locking the potentiometer into place and for increasing the accuracy of a measurement of the angular displacement of the potentiometer with respect to an initial position.
  • the electro-pneumatic compartment includes a current-to-pressure converter known as an I/P motor.
  • the electronics compartment is environmentally segregated from the electro-pneumatic compartment by an I/P cover within the service cartridge.
  • the service cartridge, the pneumatic assembly, and the field termination assembly are physically segregated from each other by the housing structure.
  • the reduction gear locks the potentiometer in place by shifting it laterally with respect to a center axis of the service cartridge.
  • the reduction gear locks the potentiometer in place by shifting it axially with respect to a center axis of the service cartridge and engaging detents in the I/P motor base. The axial movement permits environmental sealing of the service cartridge to be maintained by an O-ring located between the hub of the reduction gear and the bore of the hole in the I/P motor base.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a severe service valve positioner.
  • FIG. 2 is a cutaway view of the valve positioner of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram that illustrates the operation of the valve positioner of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the valve positioner of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5A is an exploded view of a potentiometer assembly portion of the valve positioner of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the interaction between the potentiometer assembly and a linear valve.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a pressure sensor assembly portion of the valve positioner of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of a service cartridge of the valve positioner of FIG. 1 .
  • a severe service valve positioner 100 includes a service cartridge 105 (FIG. 2) containing electronic components and electro-pneumatic components.
  • the service cartridge 105 is modularized and is completely detachable from a housing 110 of the positioner 100 .
  • the service cartridge 105 remains completely sealed even when it is detached from the housing 110 .
  • the service cartridge is protected by a cover 112 (FIG. 1) having a glass window 113 .
  • the electronic components and the electro-pneumatic components are environmentally segregated from one another.
  • the positioner 100 also includes a pneumatic module 115 , including pneumatic valving, that is external to the service cartridge 105 .
  • the pneumatic module 115 is removable for service and routine maintenance.
  • the positioner 100 also includes a field termination assembly 120 . Electrical connections to the positioner are made through the field termination assembly 120 .
  • the positioner 100 To enable the positioner 100 to be mounted on a valve yoke 125 , the positioner 100 includes two bolting portions 130 . A threaded housing portion 135 can be used for conduit wiring. The pneumatic module 115 also includes three threaded portions 140 for attaching optional pressure gauges. The entire positioner device 100 is explosion-proof, and conforms to the NEMA 4X industry standard.
  • the service cartridge 105 may be completely detached from the positioner housing 110 by unscrewing the cover 112 from a second threaded housing portion 205 .
  • the detachment capability enables the service cartridge 105 to be removed, serviced, and reinstalled quickly and easily, which is important because the sensitive components inside the service cartridge 105 frequently require service and/or routine maintenance.
  • the service cartridge 105 remains sealed even when it is detached from the housing 110 .
  • a feedback shaft 210 couples with the service cartridge 105 .
  • the operation of the feedback shaft 210 is described in greater detail below.
  • a readable display 215 shows information provided by a controller of the positioner 100 . This information may include, for example, the current valve position, the desired valve position, configuration information, or diagnostic information.
  • the display 215 is visible through the window 113 .
  • a field termination connector 220 physically connects the field termination assembly 120 to the positioner housing 110 .
  • the field termination assembly 120 is contained in the housing 110 on the left side, and the mounting surface 225 for a pneumatic valve module is located on the right side of the housing 110 .
  • the field termination portion 120 and the pneumatic module portion 115 of the device are physically segregated from one another and from the detachable service cartridge 105 .
  • the field termination assembly 120 serves as an electrical termination point for all electrical connections to the positioner 100 .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the relationship between the control components of the severe service valve positioner 100 and a valve 305 .
  • the primary control loop for the positioner consists of a controller 310 , a potentiometer 315 , the valve 305 , and an I/P motor 320 .
  • the controller 310 sends an electrical signal to the I/P motor 320 .
  • the I/P motor 320 converts the electrical signal into a hydraulic pressure that pneumatically adjusts the position of the valve 305 .
  • An indication of the change in valve position is provided to the controller 310 through the feedback shaft 210 and the potentiometer 315 . In particular, the change in valve position rotates the feedback shaft 210 , which is mechanically coupled to the valve 305 .
  • This rotation changes the resistance of the potentiometer 315 , which is mechanically coupled to the feedback shaft 210 and electrically coupled to the controller 310 .
  • the controller 310 monitors the resistance of the potentiometer 315 to monitor the position of the valve 305 , and adjusts the signal to the I/P motor 320 accordingly.
  • Pressure sensors 325 which are located in the pneumatic module 115 , detect the supply pressure and the output pressure of the I/P motor 320 .
  • the controller 310 uses these values in controlling the I/P motor 320 .
  • the display 215 may show the value of the potentiometer set point, or other parameters.
  • the field termination assembly 120 provides external electrical connections to the positioner 100 . These connections are used to provide the controller 310 with, for example, the set point that tells the controller 310 the desired valve position.
  • the service cartridge cover 112 and window 113 are the outermost components of the service cartridge 105 .
  • the cover 112 protects the cartridge 105 , while the glass window 113 allows an observer to see the readable display 215 .
  • the service cartridge 105 is positioned in, and freely rotatable relative to, a service cartridge casing 405 .
  • the service cartridge casing 405 includes a locking channel 408 that is used to physically couple the service cartridge 105 to the housing 110 .
  • the locking channel 408 interacts with a tab in the housing 110 to prevent the service cartridge 105 from detaching from the housing 110 .
  • the casing 405 also serves as a secondary cover.
  • Electronics 410 of the controller 310 are mounted on circuit boards connected to the display 215 .
  • Several molded plastic pieces 412 provide structural support for positioning components of the service cartridge 105 .
  • a potentiometer assembly 415 includes the potentiometer 315 and related mechanical components. The potentiometer assembly 415 is described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 5A below.
  • the I/P motor 320 is the primary component of the electro-pneumatic compartment of the service cartridge 105 .
  • the I/P motor 320 receives an electrical signal from the controller 310 , and converts this signal to hydraulic air pressure used in controlling the valve 305 .
  • An I/P motor cover 420 environmentally segregates the electronics compartment from the electro-pneumatic compartment. This environmental segregation is crucial to the ability of the positioner 100 to operate safely in hazardous environments.
  • the I/P motor 320 is attached to an I/P motor base 425 , which has an O-ring to seal with the inside of the service cartridge casing 405 .
  • the I/P motor base 425 also serves the function of providing environmental segregation for the electro-pneumatic compartment.
  • the I/P motor 320 can be replaced with a micro valve positioner.
  • a micro valve positioner also known as a digital positioner, includes digitally controlled inlet and outlet ports to control the pressure in a chamber, where the pressure in the chamber then controls the position of the valve.
  • the digital positioner provides highly precise operation, with the precision corresponding to the minimum amount of air that can be let in or out of the chamber by a single actuation of a port.
  • the positioner housing 110 provides a structural framework for the positioner 100 .
  • the field termination assembly 120 serves as an electrical termination point, and is physically segregated from the service cartridge 105 by the housing 110 .
  • the pneumatic module 115 is also physically segregated from the service cartridge 105 and the field termination assembly 120 .
  • the potentiometer assembly 415 includes the potentiometer 315 and related mechanical components.
  • the potentiometer assembly 415 receives the feedback shaft 210 , which extends from the housing 110 and is coupled to the valve stem for a rotary valve.
  • the “fully closed” position corresponds to 0 degrees
  • the “fully open” position corresponds to 90 degrees.
  • a valve rotation causes the feedback shaft 210 to rotate accordingly, and this translates into rotation of a reduction gear 505 .
  • the reduction gear 505 is coupled to an anti-backlash gear 510 , for which the radius is one-third of the radius of the reduction gear 505 .
  • This ratio allows the angular displacement of the anti-backlash gear 510 to be three times that of the feedback shaft 210 , thus allowing more precise angular measurements.
  • This increased precision is important because the anti-backlash gear 510 is coupled to the shaft of the potentiometer 315 such that the angular displacement of the anti-backlash gear 510 translates directly into a change in resistance of the potentiometer 315 .
  • the controller 310 sends an electrical signal to the I/P motor 320 to effect a change in the valve position.
  • a spring 515 locks the potentiometer in place when the service cartridge 105 is removed from the housing 110 , thus allowing the service cartridge 105 to be removed for service or maintenance without loss of the potentiometer setting.
  • FIG. 5B another implementation of the potentiometer assembly is coupled to a linear valve 520 .
  • the reduction gear 505 serves as a three-to-one multiplier such that the movable stem of the potentiometer 315 is rotated by three degrees for each degree of rotation of the gear 505 .
  • This multiplier function increases the precision of the potentiometer measurement by increasing the range of resistances associated with the range of movement of the valve stem 520 . Up and down movement of the valve stem 520 causes the attached lever 525 to move in an arc. The maximum range of angular displacement of the lever 525 is approximately 80 degrees.
  • the reduction gear 505 is directly coupled to the lever 525 , its range of angular rotation is the same as the range of angular displacement of the lever (i.e., a maximum of about 80 degrees). Because the radius of the reduction gear 505 is three times the radius of the anti-backlash gear 510 , the angular rotation of the anti-backlash gear 510 is three times that of the reduction gear 505 .
  • the anti-backlash gear 510 is coupled to the shaft of the potentiometer 315 such that the rotation of the anti-backlash gear 510 translates directly into a change in resistance in the potentiometer 315 .
  • the reduction gear 505 also has a locking mechanism that physically locks the potentiometer 315 into place.
  • the reduction gear locking mechanism causes the potentiometer 315 to move laterally into the locked position.
  • Another implementation allows the locking mechanism to cause the potentiometer 315 to move axially along the central axis of the service cartridge 105 .
  • the hub of the reduction gear 505 is provided with an O-ring that is compressed against the I/P motor base 425 to seal the electronics compartment from the electro-pneumatic compartment. This seal is maintained despite the axial movement required to lock and unlock the reduction gear 505 .
  • the potentiometer assembly 415 including the potentiometer 315 , is physically placed on the topside of the I/P motor cover 420 , while the I/P motor 320 is located on the other side of the cover.
  • the I/P motor cover 420 serves to environmentally segregate the electronic components (i.e., the potentiometer assembly 415 and its components) from the electro-pneumatic components (i.e., the I/P motor 320 ).
  • This construction effectively prevents any inadvertent spark from the electronic components from igniting in the potentially hazardous environment that may surround the electro-pneumatic components.
  • the feedback shaft 210 passes through the I/P motor cover 420 to permit connection of the shaft to both the potentiometer assembly 415 and the valve 305 .
  • a molded boss 605 with an internal channel and integral to the I/P motor base 425 is provided with an O-ring and mates with a recess in the housing 110 .
  • the boss 605 thus enables the I/P motor 320 to be driven even though the motor itself is sealed off from the rest of the device.
  • a connector cable 610 provides an electrical connection between the service cartridge 105 and the rest of the positioner 100 .
  • a printed wiring board 615 carries pressure sensors. A first pressure sensor detects the input air pressure being supplied to the I/P motor 320 , a second pressure sensor detects the output air pressure generated by the I/P motor 320 . The sensors provide the pressure measurement information to the controller 310 .
  • a molded support and guide 620 for the pressure sensor assembly physically supports the pressure sensor assembly within the positioner housing structure 110 .
  • O-rings 625 insulate the pressure sensor assembly from the positioner housing 110 to improve measurement accuracy.
  • the field termination assembly 120 is external to the service cartridge 105 .
  • a pressure ring 635 serves as a collar nut, in that it compresses an O-ring 640 between the field termination assembly 205 and the rest of the positioner 100 , thereby sealing off the field termination assembly 120 from the other positioner components.
  • FIG. 7 a cross-sectional view illustrates the fully assembled service cartridge 105 with the feedback shaft 210 in place.
  • a screw 703 binds the assembly together.
  • the I/P motor 320 regulates a very small airflow. Air from a supply channel 705 in the housing 110 enters the I/P motor 320 and must be exhausted to the outside by an exhaust channel 710 . The exhaust air is segregated from the electronics compartment 715 by the I/P motor cover 420 .
  • the electronics compartment 715 contains circuit boards 720 , the potentiometer 315 , the reduction gear 505 , and the anti-backlash gear 510 .
  • the pressure sensors present a particular problem in that, if one pressure sensor ruptures, the entire service cartridge chamber could become pressurized, which would greatly increase the potential explosion pressures.
  • the pressure sensors are located in a recess in the bottom side of the I/P motor base 425 .
  • the pressure sensors are environmentally isolated from the electronics compartment 715 by the O-ring in the I/P motor base 425 .
  • the pressure sensor recess and the interior of the housing make a separate chamber 725 .
  • the I/P motor exhaust air enters this chamber through a hole in the I/P motor base 425 and exits through a hole 710 in the housing 110 .
  • Sintered metal flame arrestors are used in all air passages entering and leaving the housing 110 .
  • these flame arrestors are cylindrical, with a diameter of 0.25 inches and a length of 0.25 inches. Because the pressure sensor chamber 725 is vented to the outside, the interior of the valve positioner 100 will not become pressurized in the event of a pressure sensor rupture.
  • the I/P motor exhaust air is intentionally channeled into the pressure sensor chamber 725 .
  • Corrosion protection for the pressure sensors is achieved by purging with the exhaust air from the I/P motor 320 .
  • Corrosion protection for the electronics compartment 715 is achieved by sealing the electronics compartment 715 within the service cartridge 105 and isolating the electronics compartment 715 from air circulation.
  • the environmental segregation of the electronics compartment, the electro-pneumatic compartment, the pneumatic compartment, and the field termination assembly provides the main safety mechanism for the positioner 100 .
  • the segregation of the electronics compartment (i.e., the potentiometer assembly 415 ) from the electro-pneumatic compartment (i.e., the I/P motor 320 ) by the I/P motor cover 420 effectively prevents any inadvertent spark from the electronic components from igniting in the potentially hazardous environments that may be present within the electro-pneumatic components.
  • the modularity and detachability of the service cartridge 105 provides the ease of use for required service and routine maintenance while allowing the potentiometer setting to remain constant and thereby minimizing interruption of operations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Indication Of The Valve Opening Or Closing Status (AREA)
US09/516,732 2000-03-01 2000-03-01 Severe service valve positioner Expired - Lifetime US6422532B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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US09/516,732 US6422532B1 (en) 2000-03-01 2000-03-01 Severe service valve positioner
EP01104500A EP1138994A3 (de) 2000-03-01 2001-03-01 Ventilpositionierer für rauhen Einsatz

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US09/516,732 US6422532B1 (en) 2000-03-01 2000-03-01 Severe service valve positioner

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US20050029881A1 (en) * 2003-08-08 2005-02-10 Joel Preston Explosion-proof motor controller apparatus
KR100810563B1 (ko) 2007-03-28 2008-03-18 주식회사 영텍 밸브개도 측정을 위한 포지셔너의 피드백레버 감지장치
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US10670054B2 (en) 2017-10-25 2020-06-02 Dresser, Llc Constructing valve positioners for hazardous areas
US10711907B2 (en) 2017-11-07 2020-07-14 Black Diamond Engineering, Inc. Line replaceable control valve positioner/controller system
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US11092356B2 (en) * 2017-05-01 2021-08-17 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP HVAC actuator with removable cartridge
US11306748B2 (en) 2017-10-25 2022-04-19 Dresser, Llc Constructing valve positioners for hazardous areas
US11513018B2 (en) * 2020-09-30 2022-11-29 Rosemount Inc. Field device housing assembly

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WO2017004479A1 (en) * 2015-07-01 2017-01-05 Tescom Corporation Explosion resistant electro-pneumatic controller
US10385879B2 (en) 2016-06-27 2019-08-20 Tescom Corporation Explosion resistant electro-pneumatic controller
CN110594480A (zh) * 2019-10-08 2019-12-20 深圳市摩控自动化设备有限公司 一种隔爆型智能定位器
DE102020131398B3 (de) 2020-11-26 2021-09-16 Samson Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betätigen eines Stellelements in einer explosions- oder brand- gefährdeten Umgebung und darauf basierende IP-Wandler, Magnetventile, Stellungsregler, Stellventile und Anlagen

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