US6271826B1 - Mixing a graphics signal and a video signal - Google Patents

Mixing a graphics signal and a video signal Download PDF

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Publication number
US6271826B1
US6271826B1 US08/977,951 US97795197A US6271826B1 US 6271826 B1 US6271826 B1 US 6271826B1 US 97795197 A US97795197 A US 97795197A US 6271826 B1 US6271826 B1 US 6271826B1
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Prior art keywords
clut
mixing
color
color values
factor
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US08/977,951
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English (en)
Inventor
Evert J. Pol
Marinus Van Splunter
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Uniloc 2017 LLC
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US Philips Corp
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Assigned to UNILOC LUXEMBOURG S.A. reassignment UNILOC LUXEMBOURG S.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PENDRAGON WIRELESS LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
    • H04N5/262—Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects
    • H04N5/272—Means for inserting a foreground image in a background image, i.e. inlay, outlay
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/02—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
    • G09G5/06—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed using colour palettes, e.g. look-up tables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
    • H04N9/74—Circuits for processing colour signals for obtaining special effects
    • H04N9/76—Circuits for processing colour signals for obtaining special effects for mixing of colour signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2340/00—Aspects of display data processing
    • G09G2340/10—Mixing of images, i.e. displayed pixel being the result of an operation, e.g. adding, on the corresponding input pixels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2044—Display of intermediate tones using dithering
    • G09G3/2051—Display of intermediate tones using dithering with use of a spatial dither pattern

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for mixing a graphics signal and a video signal, and to a multimedia apparatus comprising such a device.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a method of storing color values and a mixing factor into a color look-up table, characterized in that the number of color values stored for each mixing factor depends on the mixing factor.
  • a second aspect of the invention defines a method of mixing a graphics signal and a video signal in a ratio alpha:(1-alpha), where the graphics signal is obtained by addressing a color look-up table in which color values are stored, characterized in that the number of color values stored for each mixing ratio depends on the mixing ratio.
  • a third aspect of the invention defines a device for mixing a graphics signal and a video signal in a ratio alpha:(1-alpha), where the graphics signal is obtained by addressing a color look-up table in which color values are stored, characterized in that the number of color values stored for each mixing ratio depends on the mixing ratio.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention defines a multimedia apparatus comprising a graphics and video signal mixing device as described above, and a display coupled to an output of said mixing device.
  • a primary aspect of the invention provides a method of mixing a graphics signal and a video signal in a ratio alpha:(1-alpha), where the graphics signal is obtained by addressing a color look-up table in which color values are stored, in which the number of color values stored for each mixing ratio depends on the mixing ratio to obtain an optimum filling of the color look-up table.
  • color values not only covers red, green and blue color values, but also values which represent colors by means of a luminance value and chrominance values.
  • FIGURE shows a display apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • a frame buffer FB furnishes an 8-bit address signal to a color lookup table CLUT.
  • the color look-up table CLUT furnishes color values R (red), G (green) and B (blue), or luminance signals Y and chrominance signals U, V, as well as a mixing factor alpha ( ⁇ ), to a first input of a mixer MIX.
  • a second input of the mixer MIX receives a video signal in the form of color signals R′, G′ and B′, or in the form of a luminance signal Y′ and chrominance signals U′, V′.
  • the mixer MIX furnishes an output signal in the form of color signals R′′, G′′ and B′′, or in the form of a luminance signal Y′′ and chrominance signals U′′, V′′.
  • the mixer output signal is applied to a display D thru a post-processing unit PP. If the mixer output signal is built up by means of the luminance signal Y′′ and chrominance signals U′′, V′′, the post-processing unit PP ensures a necessary conversion to RGB color signals.
  • the display apparatus of the FIGURE may be a television receiver equipped with a teletext function; other applications are, however, by no means excluded, so that the invention is broadly applicable in any multimedia apparatus in which graphics information and a video signal are mixed before they are displayed.
  • a terminal e.g., a set-top box on a TV set
  • CLUT color look-up table
  • predefined contents a standard table
  • This invention concerns a display system, which incorporates a frame buffer FB, a color look-up table CLUT, and a video mixer MIX.
  • An image is stored in the frame buffer FB and can be displayed by the system mixed with video, in several levels of transparency.
  • the main idea of the invention is how to fill the available space in the CLUT effectively, and how to combine this usage of the CLUT with image-processing techniques, such as dithering and color space conversion.
  • Each pixel datum as produced by the frame buffer FB during the display process is used in the CLUT as an address in the table which stores three color values and one transparency value.
  • Useful choices for color components are the red, green and blue triplet, or the YUV triplet.
  • the transparency value is usually indicated by alpha.
  • both the number of bits per pixel as stored in the frame buffer and the number of entries in the CLUT are usually very small.
  • the frame buffer FB stores 8 bits per pixel, and the number of CLUT entries is appropriately 256. This means that great care must be taken in the usage of the available entries in the CLUT.
  • There are several good ways of filling in the CLUT but only for CLUT's that produce just color values.
  • the CLUT as discussed here also produces alpha values, and therefore, a new way of filling the CLUT is needed.
  • the simplest approach is to assign a regular lattice in the color-transparency space to the CLUT.
  • Dithering images is a (collection of) technique(s) through which the number of colors in a single image is reduced, while keeping image quality more or less acceptable. More sophisticated dithering algorithms maintain a great deal of the quality, but take much processing power to execute.
  • One way of reducing algorithm complexity is to dither each color component separately, which requires a CLUT filling that is a cartesian product.
  • European Patent Application EP-A-0,639,920 corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 5,734,368, for a preferred image rendering system employing dithering with a reduced palette of colors.
  • the next step is to find a suitable position for the colors per transparency level.
  • a suitable position for the colors per transparency level Suppose we are interested in the application of simple dithering methods in this system. Then it would be advantageous to have, at each transparency level, a cartesian product in the CLUT. This means that, at each transparency level, the number of colors we reserve in the CLUT should be a product of three numbers, being the number of color levels for each of the color channels.
  • clut[14] [0,127,255], in which 14 is the CLUT index, 0 is the value of the red color signal R, 127 is the value of the green color signal G, and 255 is the value of the blue color signal B.
  • the invention concerns the use of a color look-up table (CLUT) in a display, where the contents of a frame buffer are superposed onto a video image at one of a plurality of transparency levels. More specifically, an optimum way of filling the CLUT is described.
  • the number of possible colors for a given transparency level depends on the mixing ratio alpha: at a 100% transparency, a single value suffices, while the largest number of colors is needed at 0% transparency.
  • a third power relationship is used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Processing Of Color Television Signals (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Color Image Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
  • Controls And Circuits For Display Device (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Studio Circuits (AREA)
US08/977,951 1996-12-06 1997-11-25 Mixing a graphics signal and a video signal Expired - Lifetime US6271826B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96203399 1996-12-06
EP96203399 1996-12-06
EP97200753 1997-03-13
EP97200753 1997-03-13

Publications (1)

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US6271826B1 true US6271826B1 (en) 2001-08-07

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US08/977,951 Expired - Lifetime US6271826B1 (en) 1996-12-06 1997-11-25 Mixing a graphics signal and a video signal

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US (1) US6271826B1 (pt)
EP (1) EP0879531B1 (pt)
JP (1) JP3996955B2 (pt)
KR (1) KR100517189B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN1123209C (pt)
AT (1) ATE308202T1 (pt)
BR (1) BR9707355A (pt)
DE (1) DE69734437T2 (pt)
ES (1) ES2249796T3 (pt)
MY (1) MY132746A (pt)
TW (1) TW381393B (pt)
WO (1) WO1998025403A2 (pt)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US6636646B1 (en) * 2000-07-20 2003-10-21 Eastman Kodak Company Digital image processing method and for brightness adjustment of digital images
US20040049781A1 (en) * 2002-09-09 2004-03-11 Flesch James Ronald Method and system for including non-graphic data in an analog video output signal of a set-top box
US20060044320A1 (en) * 2004-08-30 2006-03-02 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Video display control apparatus and video display control method
WO2008156437A1 (en) 2006-04-10 2008-12-24 Avaworks Incorporated Do-it-yourself photo realistic talking head creation system and method
US7659900B2 (en) 1998-11-09 2010-02-09 Broadcom Corporation Video and graphics system with parallel processing of graphics windows
US7667715B2 (en) 1999-11-09 2010-02-23 Broadcom Corporation Video, audio and graphics decode, composite and display system
US7667710B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2010-02-23 Broadcom Corporation Graphics display system with line buffer control scheme
US7746354B2 (en) 1998-11-09 2010-06-29 Broadcom Corporation Graphics display system with anti-aliased text and graphics feature
US7848430B2 (en) 1999-11-09 2010-12-07 Broadcom Corporation Video and graphics system with an MPEG video decoder for concurrent multi-row decoding
US7991049B2 (en) 1998-11-09 2011-08-02 Broadcom Corporation Video and graphics system with video scaling
US8063916B2 (en) * 2003-10-22 2011-11-22 Broadcom Corporation Graphics layer reduction for video composition
US8913667B2 (en) 1999-11-09 2014-12-16 Broadcom Corporation Video decoding system having a programmable variable-length decoder
US9668011B2 (en) 2001-02-05 2017-05-30 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Single chip set-top box system
US20180122103A1 (en) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 Adobe Systems Incorporated Providing predictable and customizable electronic color mixing

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TWI332652B (en) * 2003-05-23 2010-11-01 Via Tech Inc System and method of auto-configuration settings for multimedia apparatus
US7250956B2 (en) * 2004-03-22 2007-07-31 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Method and apparatus for color transformation (conversion)
US8922578B2 (en) 2010-01-29 2014-12-30 Hillcrest Laboratories, Inc. Embedding ARGB data in a RGB stream

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US5543820A (en) * 1992-08-14 1996-08-06 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for linear color processing
US5384519A (en) * 1992-12-09 1995-01-24 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Color mixing method for variable color lighting and variable color luminaire for use with the method
US5519450A (en) * 1994-11-14 1996-05-21 Texas Instruments Incorporated Graphics subsystem for digital television
US5818613A (en) * 1995-12-04 1998-10-06 Silicon Graphics, Inc. System and method for color space conversion
US5956015A (en) * 1995-12-18 1999-09-21 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Method and system for correcting color display based upon ambient light
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Cited By (25)

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US7920151B2 (en) 1998-11-09 2011-04-05 Broadcom Corporation Graphics display system with video scaler
US9111369B2 (en) 1998-11-09 2015-08-18 Broadcom Corporation Graphics accelerator
US8848792B2 (en) 1998-11-09 2014-09-30 Broadcom Corporation Video and graphics system with video scaling
US8493415B2 (en) 1998-11-09 2013-07-23 Broadcom Corporation Graphics display system with video scaler
US7991049B2 (en) 1998-11-09 2011-08-02 Broadcom Corporation Video and graphics system with video scaling
US8390635B2 (en) 1998-11-09 2013-03-05 Broadcom Corporation Graphics accelerator
US7659900B2 (en) 1998-11-09 2010-02-09 Broadcom Corporation Video and graphics system with parallel processing of graphics windows
US9077997B2 (en) 1998-11-09 2015-07-07 Broadcom Corporation Graphics display system with unified memory architecture
US9575665B2 (en) 1998-11-09 2017-02-21 Broadcom Corporation Graphics display system with unified memory architecture
US7746354B2 (en) 1998-11-09 2010-06-29 Broadcom Corporation Graphics display system with anti-aliased text and graphics feature
US7911483B1 (en) 1998-11-09 2011-03-22 Broadcom Corporation Graphics display system with window soft horizontal scrolling mechanism
US7848430B2 (en) 1999-11-09 2010-12-07 Broadcom Corporation Video and graphics system with an MPEG video decoder for concurrent multi-row decoding
US7667715B2 (en) 1999-11-09 2010-02-23 Broadcom Corporation Video, audio and graphics decode, composite and display system
US8913667B2 (en) 1999-11-09 2014-12-16 Broadcom Corporation Video decoding system having a programmable variable-length decoder
US6636646B1 (en) * 2000-07-20 2003-10-21 Eastman Kodak Company Digital image processing method and for brightness adjustment of digital images
US9668011B2 (en) 2001-02-05 2017-05-30 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Single chip set-top box system
US20040049781A1 (en) * 2002-09-09 2004-03-11 Flesch James Ronald Method and system for including non-graphic data in an analog video output signal of a set-top box
US7463311B2 (en) * 2002-09-09 2008-12-09 General Instrument Corporation Method and system for including non-graphic data in an analog video output signal of a set-top box
US7667710B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2010-02-23 Broadcom Corporation Graphics display system with line buffer control scheme
US8063916B2 (en) * 2003-10-22 2011-11-22 Broadcom Corporation Graphics layer reduction for video composition
US20060044320A1 (en) * 2004-08-30 2006-03-02 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Video display control apparatus and video display control method
US7554563B2 (en) 2004-08-30 2009-06-30 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Video display control apparatus and video display control method
WO2008156437A1 (en) 2006-04-10 2008-12-24 Avaworks Incorporated Do-it-yourself photo realistic talking head creation system and method
US20180122103A1 (en) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 Adobe Systems Incorporated Providing predictable and customizable electronic color mixing
US10269142B2 (en) * 2016-10-27 2019-04-23 Adobe Inc. Providing predictable and customizable electronic color mixing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR9707355A (pt) 2000-05-02
ES2249796T3 (es) 2006-04-01
EP0879531B1 (en) 2005-10-26
JP2000504441A (ja) 2000-04-11
ATE308202T1 (de) 2005-11-15
KR100517189B1 (ko) 2005-12-06
WO1998025403A3 (en) 1998-08-20
CN1123209C (zh) 2003-10-01
DE69734437T2 (de) 2006-10-05
DE69734437D1 (de) 2005-12-01
JP3996955B2 (ja) 2007-10-24
KR19990082321A (ko) 1999-11-25
TW381393B (en) 2000-02-01
CN1215526A (zh) 1999-04-28
MY132746A (en) 2007-10-31
WO1998025403A2 (en) 1998-06-11
EP0879531A2 (en) 1998-11-25

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