US6239515B1 - Circuit for the protection of electrical devices - Google Patents

Circuit for the protection of electrical devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US6239515B1
US6239515B1 US09/423,870 US42387000A US6239515B1 US 6239515 B1 US6239515 B1 US 6239515B1 US 42387000 A US42387000 A US 42387000A US 6239515 B1 US6239515 B1 US 6239515B1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrical system
vehicle electrical
diode
tripping
limiter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US09/423,870
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English (en)
Inventor
Rainer Mäckel
Peter Hille
Alf Blessing
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Auto Kabel Management GmbH
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Assigned to DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG reassignment DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BLESSING, ALF, HILLE, PETER, MACKEL, RAINER
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6239515B1 publication Critical patent/US6239515B1/en
Assigned to MACKEL, DR. RAINER reassignment MACKEL, DR. RAINER ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG
Assigned to AUTO KABEL MANAGEMENTGESELLSCHAFT MBH reassignment AUTO KABEL MANAGEMENTGESELLSCHAFT MBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MACKEL, DR. RAINER
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H02H11/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/122—Provisions for temporary connection of DC sources of essentially the same voltage, e.g. jumpstart cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit for the protection of consumers against damages caused by polarity reversal in a vehicle electrical system, which circuit comprises a limiter and a tripping device.
  • Electrolytic capacitors as well as semiconductor elements are increasingly used in motor vehicle electrical systems. Semiconductor switches are required in particular for electric motors controlled with pulse-width modulation because of the high switching frequencies. Electrolytic capacitors are used to avoid reactive effects on the vehicle electrical system.
  • German Unexamined Published Patent Application 29 19 022 discloses using a centrally switched relay to prevent polarity reversal.
  • the relay needs a relatively high tripping capacity in the switched-on state and also has a relatively high on-resistance, so that in case of a start, a worsening of the system characteristics must be expected.
  • the shutdown of the relay in the presence of high currents involves the danger of the switching contact being welded together.
  • a circuit for protecting consumers against polarity reversal damages in a vehicle electrical system is furthermore known from patent GB-A-1 116 941, wherein a limiter is connected parallel to the vehicle electrical system and limits the electrical system voltage to a predetermined value in case of an incorrect polarization.
  • the limiter is formed by a diode with a non-linear current/voltage characteristic.
  • a separator cuts the connection to the vehicle electrical system as soon as the predetermined current value is exceeded.
  • a standard meltdown fuse is provided as the separator. The option of actively disconnecting the vehicle electrical system, which additionally should be reversible, does not exist in this case.
  • a circuit is disclosed in German Patent A-195 25 112, which is designed to protect consumers against damages caused by polarity reversal in a vehicle electrical system.
  • a limiter is connected parallel to the vehicle electrical system. In the case of polarity reversal, the limiter limits the electrical system voltage.
  • the limiter is formed by two series-connected diodes, known per se, which have a non-linear current/voltage characteristic.
  • An additional control circuit indirectly switches a separator that disconnects the vehicle electrical system from the consumer as soon as a predetermined current value is exceeded.
  • a limiter is connected parallel to the vehicle electrical system, which limits the voltage to a non-critical value in the event of polarity reversal.
  • a diode with a strongly non-linear characteristic line wherein the diode becomes low-impedance at a low voltage value, particularly a switching-on voltage value, and can carry high currents while in a state of low-impedance.
  • the electrical connection to the electrical supply is severed, at least indirectly, in case of a polarity reversal. It makes sense if a switching separator, particularly a thermally activated bursting switch is used, which is tripped as soon as the limiter makes it possible to detect a polarity reversal.
  • a switching separator particularly a thermally activated bursting switch is used, which is tripped as soon as the limiter makes it possible to detect a polarity reversal.
  • FIG. 1 is a basic wiring diagram of the circuit according to the invention, comprising a limiter, a trip and a separator;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a basic example of the circuit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 contains a basic wiring diagram of the circuit according to the invention, comprising a limiter, a tripping device and a separator, shown with the example of a motor vehicle electrical system.
  • the limiter 1 is positioned between the two connections of the vehicle electrical system 14 .
  • the vehicle electrical system 14 is supplied by the system supply 10 , in particular a battery.
  • a generator can additionally be provided, which is not shown here.
  • the vehicle electrical system 14 is located between the positive pole terminal 11 and the negative pole terminal 12 of the electrical supply system 10 .
  • the tripping device 2 monitors the polarity of the voltage that is present or the limiter 1 , and can preferably detect a high current flow and/or a voltage drop at the limiter 1 .
  • the polarity of the electrical voltage is measured between the pole terminals 11 and 12 .
  • a signal is produced that causes the tripping device 2 to disconnect the battery 10 from the electrical system 14 .
  • the activation of switch 17 of the separator can be made to depend advantageously on one or several conditions, so that a separation of the electrical supply 10 from the electrical system 14 of a vehicle, for example, occurs only if the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle does not run and/or the vehicle is parked and/or the generator does not supply any current.
  • a release switch 16 parallel to the separator components, particularly to the heating element 15 , which allows current to flow, for example, only in the opened state to the heating element 15 .
  • This measure ensures a high operational safety of the vehicle.
  • it makes sense to additionally provide the tripping device with a connection 3 that permits the feeding in of different tripping signals for disconnecting the vehicle electrical system 14 from the battery 10 .
  • the device for protecting against polarity reversal can be combined with other safety devices, e.g. crash sensors or overcurrent sensors, which cause the connection between battery 10 and vehicle electrical system 14 to be disconnected if the respective malfunctions occur.
  • the negative electrical system voltage is initially limited by an element 1 , which preferably can take up a high current.
  • the limiter 1 preferably is a diode that can be activated only in case of high currents in a forward direction and which can carry high electrical currents, particularly currents of more than 100 Ampere, while in a state of high-conductivity.
  • sporadically occurring, energy-poor negative pulses e.g., Schaffner pulses of the type No. 1 or No.
  • the limiter particularly the diode, can predetermine the current level or the limiting voltage. A sufficiently high current flow through the limiter 1 is necessary to trip the separator, so that a possible polarity reversal can be detected with certainty.
  • the device turns on and thus generates a current flow in the element 15 , which leads to the activation of the separator.
  • the separator 17 is a pyrotechnical separator
  • the element 15 is the associated igniter. Tripping the bursting charge then separates the battery 10 from the vehicle electrical system 14 .
  • the separator in particular opens the switch 17 only if the vehicle battery 10 is sufficiently weak and the external battery that is connected with polarity reversal can supply sufficient current to actually cause damages to the electrical system. If that is not the case, the negative voltage for the electrical system 14 will not reach a high enough level to require a shutdown.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates this case.
  • the advantage in this case is that the high current flowing over the limiter 1 causes a relatively high voltage drop via the separator, particularly the switch 17 , as well as via the possibly existing connecting cable and the possibly existing transition resistances. This voltage drop can be used to activate the tripping device 2 .
  • Neither the limiter 1 nor the circuit for tripping device 2 influences the vehicle electrical system 14 if there is no polarity reversal. It is particularly favorable that the limiter 1 and the tripping circuit 2 do not consume energy during normal operating conditions without polarity reversal.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a protective circuit according to the invention for the polarity reversal case.
  • a first diode 24 preferably a diode designed for high currents, is arranged parallel to the vehicle electrical system 14 .
  • the cathode for this first diode 24 is connected to the positive pole terminal 11 while the anode is connected to the negative pole terminal 12 , in particular the ground potential for the circuit.
  • a bipolar transistor 18 , a second diode 21 , a first low-impedance resistance 22 , and a second low-impedance resistance 23 and a third diode 19 form the tripping device 2 .
  • the first diode 24 can be replaced with two or more diodes that are connected in series. It makes sense to combine several diodes through a parallel connection and/or series-connection to form a limiter 1 and thus adjust its capacity for carrying current and the voltage-limiting value to the required voltage values and/or current values.
  • a series connection consisting of a bipolar transistor 18 and an igniter 15 of the separator, is located parallel to the first diode 24 .
  • the collector for transistor 18 is connected to the positive pole terminal 11 , the emitter of transistor 18 to the igniter 15 .
  • the base is connected to the cathode of a second diode 21 , while the anode of this second diode is connected to the negative pole terminal 12 .
  • the anode can also be connected via a first resistance 22 to the pole terminal 12 .
  • a second resistance 23 is also located parallel to this second diode 21 , which resistance is designed to prevent an undesirable activation of transistor 18 .
  • the limiter 1 is formed through a series connection and/or parallel connection of several diodes, it makes sense to adapt the second diode 21 as well to the voltage values and current values of the limiter 1 by using a series connection or a parallel connection of diodes.
  • a third diode 19 makes it possible to couple in other tripping signals at the input 20 of tripping device 2 , which input is connected to the anode of diode 19 .
  • the collector-emitter voltage drop at transistor 18 preferably is smaller than the voltage drop over the first diode 24 .
  • the transistor 18 preferably is operated in the inverse mode in that the emitter is reverse biased since in that case the voltage drop over the collector-emitter path of the transistor is lowest.
  • the igniter 15 can be supplied with a sufficiently high current, even if the negative voltage across the limiter 1 is low. It makes sense to suitably predetermine the voltage drop at the first diode 24 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
US09/423,870 1997-05-13 1998-05-02 Circuit for the protection of electrical devices Expired - Lifetime US6239515B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19719919A DE19719919A1 (de) 1997-05-13 1997-05-13 Anordnung zum Schutz von elektrischen Einrichtungen
DE19719919 1997-05-13
PCT/EP1998/002606 WO1998052268A1 (fr) 1997-05-13 1998-05-02 Dispositif pour la protection de systemes electriques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US6239515B1 true US6239515B1 (en) 2001-05-29

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/423,870 Expired - Lifetime US6239515B1 (en) 1997-05-13 1998-05-02 Circuit for the protection of electrical devices

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6239515B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0981849B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001525158A (fr)
DE (2) DE19719919A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998052268A1 (fr)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020155752A1 (en) * 2001-04-05 2002-10-24 Winkle Stuart Trevor Battery jumper cable connection apparatus and methods
US6519126B2 (en) * 2000-03-17 2003-02-11 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Anti-reverse connection circuit for power supply
US20030107861A1 (en) * 2001-12-06 2003-06-12 Hazelton Lawrence Dean Method and apparatus for disconnecting a battery
US6628489B1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2003-09-30 Integration Associates Inc. Battery and current reversal protect circuit
US20040066168A1 (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-08 George Terry A. Jump start and reverse battery protection circuit
US20040189261A1 (en) * 2001-05-26 2004-09-30 Henning Hauenstein Polarity reversal protection circuit for energy sources
US20050083164A1 (en) * 2003-10-17 2005-04-21 Caruso Keith W. Pyrotechnic circuit breaker
US20050083165A1 (en) * 2003-10-17 2005-04-21 Tirmizi Abrar A. Pyrotechnic circuit breaker
US20060202746A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2006-09-14 Keming Chen NMOS reverse battery protection
US20060232901A1 (en) * 2003-07-26 2006-10-19 Daimlerchrysler Ag Arrangement for protecting an electrical device
US20070103831A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2007-05-10 Olivier Andrieu Intelligent safety device for vehicle on-board electric equipment
US20080246345A1 (en) * 2004-08-03 2008-10-09 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Semiconductor Switch Arrangement and an Electronic Device
US20090192681A1 (en) * 2005-10-04 2009-07-30 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle Controller and Controlling Method
US20100283623A1 (en) * 2008-11-28 2010-11-11 Jeffrey Baxter Low-Voltage Connection with Safety Circuit and Method for Determining Proper Connection Polarity
WO2012079816A1 (fr) * 2010-12-14 2012-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif générateur présentant une résistance améliorée à une inversion de polarité
US20120169116A1 (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 Infineon Technologies Ag On-Board Power Supply Protection
US20130264325A1 (en) * 2012-04-04 2013-10-10 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Remote high voltage switch for controlling a high voltage heater located inside a vehicle cabin
US20140015311A1 (en) * 2012-07-12 2014-01-16 Volvo Car Corporation Contact arrangement for safe disconnection of a power supply in a vehicle
US20170203666A1 (en) * 2016-01-19 2017-07-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Battery charging system and servicing method
US20190288531A1 (en) * 2014-09-09 2019-09-19 Halo International SEZC Ltd. Safety circuit for multi-function portable power charger

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19901351A1 (de) * 1999-01-15 2000-07-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Schaltungsanordnung zum Schutz gegen Spannungsverpolung
DE19937491B4 (de) * 1999-08-07 2009-07-09 Volkswagen Ag Sicherheitseinrichtung für das Bordnetz eines Fahrzeugs
DE19946733A1 (de) * 1999-09-29 2001-05-17 Tyco Electronics Logistics Ag Verfahren zur sicheren Ankopplung eines Fremdspannungsnetzes an ein Betriebsspannungsnetz und Schaltungsanordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19946744A1 (de) * 1999-09-29 2001-05-10 Tyco Electronics Logistics Ag Verfahren zur sicheren Ankopplung eines Fremdspannungsnetzes an ein Betriebsspannungsnetz und Schaltungsanordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19951095C2 (de) * 1999-10-23 2003-09-04 Daimler Chrysler Ag Vorrichtung zur Sicherung eines elektrischen Netzes
DE19951094C2 (de) * 1999-10-23 2002-04-18 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Sicherung eines eine Batterie enthaltenden Netzes
DE19958998C2 (de) * 1999-12-08 2002-07-18 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur sicheren Fremdstarthilfe bei Kraftfahrzeugen und dergleichen
JP2001345092A (ja) 2000-05-31 2001-12-14 Yazaki Corp バッテリ用ターミナルの接続構造
JP2001357835A (ja) 2000-06-14 2001-12-26 Yazaki Corp バッテリ用ターミナルの接続構造
DE10034442A1 (de) * 2000-07-15 2002-01-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Elektronische Einheit und Verfahren zur Erkennung einer Verpolung der Bordnetzspannung in Kraftfahrzeugen
DE10253276B4 (de) * 2002-11-15 2005-05-04 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Sicherstellung der spezifizierten Spannung an einem Bordnetz in Kraftfahrzeugen
DE102007033183B4 (de) * 2007-07-13 2011-04-21 Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh Verpolschutzeinrichtung und Verfahren zum Unterbrechen eines Stromes
DE102008063136A1 (de) * 2008-12-24 2009-09-17 Daimler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schutz einer Lithium-Ionen-Batterie in einem Fahrzeug
DE102010020294A1 (de) * 2010-05-12 2011-08-18 Continental Automotive GmbH, 30165 Wiederaufladbare elektrische Energiespeichereinheit und Verwendung hierfür
DE102010020295A1 (de) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-17 Continental Automotive Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung zum Schützen einer Batterie bei Verpolung
DE102013016093B4 (de) * 2013-09-27 2022-05-05 Audi Ag Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer Pyrosicherung in einem Kraftfahrzeug und Kraftfahrzeug

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GB1116941A (en) 1964-05-19 1968-06-12 Sperry Rand Ltd Improvements in the protection of electrical circuits including transistors
DE2919022A1 (de) 1979-05-11 1980-11-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verpolschutzanordnung fuer ein batterieladesystem
US4471400A (en) * 1976-09-10 1984-09-11 Reza Agha A Protection of appliances against reversal of battery polarity
US4520419A (en) * 1982-08-21 1985-05-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Polarity and overload protective circuit for electric consumers
DE3930896A1 (de) 1989-09-15 1991-03-28 Vdo Schindling Verpolschutzschaltung
WO1994023970A1 (fr) * 1993-04-19 1994-10-27 Technocom Ab Unite de protection de batterie
US5410441A (en) * 1993-02-01 1995-04-25 Motorola, Inc. Circuit for protecting DC powered devices from improper supply voltages
DE19525112A1 (de) 1994-07-11 1996-01-18 Aerospatiale Elektronische Verbindungsvorrichtung mit Schutz gegen Polaritätsumkehrungen
US5517379A (en) * 1993-05-26 1996-05-14 Siliconix Incorporated Reverse battery protection device containing power MOSFET
US5539610A (en) * 1993-05-26 1996-07-23 Siliconix Incorporated Floating drive technique for reverse battery protection
DE19501985A1 (de) 1995-01-24 1996-07-25 Teves Gmbh Alfred Verpolschutz
US5781390A (en) * 1996-12-21 1998-07-14 Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics, Inc. Integrated supply protection

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1116941A (en) 1964-05-19 1968-06-12 Sperry Rand Ltd Improvements in the protection of electrical circuits including transistors
US4471400A (en) * 1976-09-10 1984-09-11 Reza Agha A Protection of appliances against reversal of battery polarity
DE2919022A1 (de) 1979-05-11 1980-11-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verpolschutzanordnung fuer ein batterieladesystem
US4520419A (en) * 1982-08-21 1985-05-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Polarity and overload protective circuit for electric consumers
DE3930896A1 (de) 1989-09-15 1991-03-28 Vdo Schindling Verpolschutzschaltung
US5410441A (en) * 1993-02-01 1995-04-25 Motorola, Inc. Circuit for protecting DC powered devices from improper supply voltages
WO1994023970A1 (fr) * 1993-04-19 1994-10-27 Technocom Ab Unite de protection de batterie
US5517379A (en) * 1993-05-26 1996-05-14 Siliconix Incorporated Reverse battery protection device containing power MOSFET
US5539610A (en) * 1993-05-26 1996-07-23 Siliconix Incorporated Floating drive technique for reverse battery protection
DE19525112A1 (de) 1994-07-11 1996-01-18 Aerospatiale Elektronische Verbindungsvorrichtung mit Schutz gegen Polaritätsumkehrungen
DE19501985A1 (de) 1995-01-24 1996-07-25 Teves Gmbh Alfred Verpolschutz
US5781390A (en) * 1996-12-21 1998-07-14 Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics, Inc. Integrated supply protection

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6519126B2 (en) * 2000-03-17 2003-02-11 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Anti-reverse connection circuit for power supply
US6628489B1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2003-09-30 Integration Associates Inc. Battery and current reversal protect circuit
US20020155752A1 (en) * 2001-04-05 2002-10-24 Winkle Stuart Trevor Battery jumper cable connection apparatus and methods
US20040189261A1 (en) * 2001-05-26 2004-09-30 Henning Hauenstein Polarity reversal protection circuit for energy sources
US7259537B2 (en) * 2001-05-26 2007-08-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Polarity-reversal protection circuit for energy sources
US20030107861A1 (en) * 2001-12-06 2003-06-12 Hazelton Lawrence Dean Method and apparatus for disconnecting a battery
US20040066168A1 (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-08 George Terry A. Jump start and reverse battery protection circuit
US6803743B2 (en) 2002-10-04 2004-10-12 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Jump start and reverse battery protection circuit
US20050046381A1 (en) * 2002-10-04 2005-03-03 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Jump start and reverse battery protection circuit
US6891350B2 (en) 2002-10-04 2005-05-10 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Jump start and reverse battery protection circuit
US20060232901A1 (en) * 2003-07-26 2006-10-19 Daimlerchrysler Ag Arrangement for protecting an electrical device
US20050083164A1 (en) * 2003-10-17 2005-04-21 Caruso Keith W. Pyrotechnic circuit breaker
US7239225B2 (en) 2003-10-17 2007-07-03 Special Devices, Inc. Pyrotechnic circuit breaker
US20050083165A1 (en) * 2003-10-17 2005-04-21 Tirmizi Abrar A. Pyrotechnic circuit breaker
US7123124B2 (en) 2003-10-17 2006-10-17 Special Devices, Inc. Pyrotechnic circuit breaker
US20070103831A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2007-05-10 Olivier Andrieu Intelligent safety device for vehicle on-board electric equipment
US7916439B2 (en) 2004-08-03 2011-03-29 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Semiconductor switch arrangement and an electronic device
US20080246345A1 (en) * 2004-08-03 2008-10-09 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Semiconductor Switch Arrangement and an Electronic Device
US20060202746A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2006-09-14 Keming Chen NMOS reverse battery protection
US7312653B2 (en) * 2005-03-10 2007-12-25 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. NMOS reverse battery protection
US20090192681A1 (en) * 2005-10-04 2009-07-30 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle Controller and Controlling Method
US8199024B2 (en) * 2008-11-28 2012-06-12 Energy Safe Technologies, Inc. Low-voltage connection with safety circuit and method for determining proper connection polarity
US20100283623A1 (en) * 2008-11-28 2010-11-11 Jeffrey Baxter Low-Voltage Connection with Safety Circuit and Method for Determining Proper Connection Polarity
WO2012079816A1 (fr) * 2010-12-14 2012-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif générateur présentant une résistance améliorée à une inversion de polarité
US20120169116A1 (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 Infineon Technologies Ag On-Board Power Supply Protection
US9041244B2 (en) * 2010-12-30 2015-05-26 Infineon Technologies Ag On-board power supply protection
US20130264325A1 (en) * 2012-04-04 2013-10-10 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Remote high voltage switch for controlling a high voltage heater located inside a vehicle cabin
US20140015311A1 (en) * 2012-07-12 2014-01-16 Volvo Car Corporation Contact arrangement for safe disconnection of a power supply in a vehicle
US9472800B2 (en) * 2012-07-12 2016-10-18 Volvo Car Corporation Contact arrangement for safe disconnection of a power supply in a vehicle
US20190288531A1 (en) * 2014-09-09 2019-09-19 Halo International SEZC Ltd. Safety circuit for multi-function portable power charger
US10840716B2 (en) * 2014-09-09 2020-11-17 Halo International SEZC Ltd. Safety circuit for multi-function portable power charger
US20170203666A1 (en) * 2016-01-19 2017-07-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Battery charging system and servicing method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2001525158A (ja) 2001-12-04
EP0981849B1 (fr) 2002-01-16
EP0981849A1 (fr) 2000-03-01
DE19719919A1 (de) 1998-11-26
DE59802640D1 (de) 2002-02-21
WO1998052268A1 (fr) 1998-11-19

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