US6181467B1 - Optical fiber amplifier using synchronized etalon filter - Google Patents
Optical fiber amplifier using synchronized etalon filter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6181467B1 US6181467B1 US09/208,850 US20885098A US6181467B1 US 6181467 B1 US6181467 B1 US 6181467B1 US 20885098 A US20885098 A US 20885098A US 6181467 B1 US6181467 B1 US 6181467B1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- optical
- optical fiber
- etalon filter
- fiber amplifier
- signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000349731 Afzelia bipindensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000581364 Clinitrachus argentatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003327 LiNbO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/29—Repeaters
- H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
- H01S3/06758—Tandem amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/02—ASE (amplified spontaneous emission), noise; Reduction thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
- H01S3/06787—Bidirectional amplifier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
- H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
- H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
- H01S3/1608—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth erbium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical amplifier for use in a long-distance optical transmission system and an optical network, and in particular, to an optical fiber amplifier.
- An erbium-doped fiber amplifier amplifies an optical signal of 1.5 ⁇ m band, being a low-loss region of an optical fiber, and for this feature, is widely used for an optical communication system.
- the EDFA having both a high gain and a low noise figure (NF), has a function of extending a distance between amplifiers in an long-distance optical transmission system, and compensates for a switching loss and a distribution loss in an optical network. Therefore, the EDFA is an essential element in realizing an economical, effective optical communication system.
- a common EDFA having a single-stage structure can be hardly made such that it has both the high gain and the low noise figure, due to the feature of an erbium-doped fiber (EDF). Therefore, a study has been made of a multi-stage EDFA having both the high gain and the low noise figure.
- EDF erbium-doped fiber
- the multi-stage amplifier is made such that a first stage has the low noise figure and the next stage(s) has the high gain and the high output power. Further, in order to increase an efficiency of a pump laser, the multi-stage amplifier includes an optical isolator, a bandpass filter, an optical circulator, a pump reflector and an attenuator between the stages, so as to reduce ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) noise.
- a gain bandwidth of the amplifier is limited by a bandwidth of the bandpass filter.
- a multi-stage optical fiber amplifiers including at least two stage of cascade connected optical fiber amplifiers.
- a synchronized etalon filter is inserted between the optical fiber amplifiers.
- the etalon filter has a resonant frequency matched with a standard frequency of a WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system using the optical fiber amplifiers.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a two-stage optical fiber amplifier using a synchronized etalon filter according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a transmission characteristic curve of the etalon filter ( 3 ) of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an output power and a noise figure with respect to a change of an input power in the optical fiber amplifier
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an output spectrum with respect to a WDM input signal in the optical fiber amplifier
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an output power with respect to a change of a WDM input power
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a measured bit error rate with respect to received power in the novel optical fiber amplifier.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a bidirectional optical fiber amplifier using synchronized etalon filters according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a two-stage optical fiber amplifier using a synchronized etalon filter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an input optical signal is supplied to a WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) coupler 1 through an optical isolator 6 .
- the WDM coupler 1 WDM couples the optical signal input from the optical isolator 6 to a pump laser and provides the WDM coupled optical signal to an EDFA 2 .
- a pump laser having a wavelength of 980 nm is used. However, a pump laser having a wavelength of 1480 nm is also used.
- the EDFA 2 amplifies an output signal of the WDM coupler 1 to a proper level for transmission.
- An etalon filter 3 connected to an output of the EDFA 2 through an optical isolator 7 , filters an output signal of the EDFA 2 .
- a synchronized etalon filter is used having a resonant frequency matched with an operating frequency of the WDM signal.
- a solid-state etalon filter has periodic resonant frequencies at intervals of a specific FSR (Free-Spectral-Range).
- This solid-state etalon filter having the resonant frequency matched with standard frequencies is called “a synchronized etalon filter”.
- the synchronized etalon filter 3 applied to the present invention has passbands matched with the standard frequencies.
- the output signal of the EDFA 2 is filtered by the synchronized etalon filter 3 having the passbands matched with the standard frequencies.
- the EDFA using the synchronized etalon filter 3 can also be used for a WDM system.
- the WDM system transmits lasers of different wavelengths through a strand of the optical fiber to maximize a capacity of the optical communication system.
- the laser being an optical source of the respective channels should operate precisely at the standard frequencies specified by ITU (International Telecommunication Union).
- ITU International Telecommunication Union
- the resonant frequencies of the synchronized etalon filter 3 can be matched with the standard frequencies specified by ITU through a relatively simple process.
- the WDM system having a stable wavelength it is possible to pass the signal without loss and reduce the ASE noise according to the transmission characteristic of the filter, by matching the frequencies of the respective lasers with the resonant frequencies of the etalon filter 3 in the EDFA.
- the EDFA using the synchronized etalon filter 3 can improve the performance without limiting the gain bandwidth, as compared with the existing EDFA using the bandpass filter.
- An output signal of the etalon filter 3 is supplied to a WDM coupler 4 and the WDM is coupled to a pump laser having a wavelength of 980 nm.
- the EDFA 5 amplifies an output signal of the WDM coupler 4 to a proper level for transmission.
- An output signal of the EDFA 5 is transmitted through an optical isolator 8 .
- the proposed novel optical fiber amplifier has a two stage structure.
- the EDF of the first stage has a length of 14 m and the EDF of the second stage has a length of 22 m.
- the input signal of each stage is forward pumped into 30 mW by the pump laser having a wavelength of 980 nm.
- the ASE noise is reduced, which results in improvement of the amplifier.
- a method of inserting the optical isolator into the optical fiber amplifier to remove the backward-traveling ASE noise is widely used.
- the optical isolator 7 disposed at the front of the etalon filter 3 not only removes the backward-traveling ASE noise but also suppresses the reflection by the filter.
- the etalon filter 3 is disposed at the rear of the optical isolator 7 to reduce the ASE noise generated in the first stage according to the transmission characteristic of the filter.
- the pump laser of the second stage is used more effectively in amplifying the signal, thereby improving the performance of the optical fiber amplifier.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a transmission characteristic curve of the synchronized etalon filter 3 .
- FIG. 2 shows the resonant frequencies having regular intervals of FSR.
- the synchronized etalon filter 3 passes the WDM signals having the frequencies matched with the passbands and removes the ASE noise according to the transmission characteristic.
- the etalon filter 3 applied to the present invention has the RSF of 100 GHz, the finesse of about 5 and the insertion loss of 2.4 dB.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an output power and a noise figure with respect to a change of an input power in the optical fiber amplifier, wherein the curves represented by “ ⁇ ” show a performance of the novel optical fiber amplifier using both the optical isolator 7 and the etalon filter 3 between the stages, the curves represented by “ ⁇ ” show a performance of the conventional optical fiber amplifier using only the optical isolator 7 between the stages, and the curves represented by “ ⁇ ” show a performance of the conventional optical fiber amplifier using only the etalon filter 3 between the stages. That is, FIG. 3 shows the output powers and the noise figures, for the above three cases, measured by changing the input optical signal power of the optical fiber amplifier.
- the input optical signal has a wavelength of 1549.1 nm.
- the novel optical fiber amplifier has the small signal gain and the noise figure increased by 3.2 dB and 0.6 dB, respectively, as compared with the optical amplifier using only the optical isolator.
- a dynamic rage one of the parameters indicating the performance of the optical fiber amplifier, shows a change of the output power of the optical fiber amplifier according to a change of the input power, and is defined by an input power where a saturated output power is decreased by 3 dB.
- the optical power amplifier having a wide dynamic range, provides a constant output power even with the change of the input power, thereby improving the system reliability.
- the dynamic range of the inventive optical fiber amplifier in improved by about 5 dB as compared with other optical fiber amplifiers.
- the inventive optical fiber amplifier has the saturated output power of 13.5 dBm which is very similar to that of the optical fiber amplifier using only the optical isolator. That is, even though the synchronized etalon filter 3 is inserted between the optical fiber amplifiers, the output power is not reduced.
- the optical fiber amplifier using only the synchronized etalon filter 3 has the small signal gain and the noise figure reduced by 3.2 dB and 1.4 dB, respectively, as compared with the optical fiber amplifier using only the optical isolator. This is because the remaining backward-traveling ASE noise reduces (or suppresses) an inversion of erbium density in the optical fiber amplifier of the first stage.
- the input optical signal is, for example, higher than ⁇ 20 dBm
- the ASE noise is suppressed by the signal itself so that the influence of the backward-traveling ASE noise on the performance may be reduced. Therefore, according to uses, it is possible to make the two-stage optical fiber amplifier by using the synchronized etalon filter 3 instead of an optical isolator.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an output spectrum with respect to the WDM signal in the novel optical fiber amplifier.
- “5 dB/D” indicates that the intensity per scale mark is 5 dB
- “Res 0.2 nm” indicates that the resolution of a measuring instrument is set to 0.2 nm.
- FIG. 4 shows that the WDM signals have wavelengths of 1549.1 nm, 1550.7 nm, 1552.3 nm and 1553.9 nm, and the gap between the respective channels is 200 GHz. These wavelengths of the WDM signals are well matched with the resonant frequencies of the synchronized etalon filter 3 .
- the output powers of the respective channels are all 6.9 ⁇ 0.2 dBm. Furthermore, it is shown that the ASE noise is removed by the transmission characteristic of the synchronized etalon filter.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an output power according to a change of the WDM input signal power, for the case of the inventive optical fiber amplifier and the conventional optical fiber amplifier using only the optical isolator.
- the WDM signals have wavelengths of 1549.1 nm, 1550.7 nm, 1552.3 nm and 1553.9 nm
- the curves represented by the dotted lines indicate the output power of the inventive optical fiber amplifier
- the curves represented by the solid lines indicate the output power of the conventional optical fiber amplifier using only the optical isolator.
- the inventive optical fiber amplifier when the input power per channel ranges from ⁇ 42 dBm to ⁇ 17 dBm, the dynamic range ( ⁇ 20 dB) of the inventive optical fiber amplifier is improved by about 5 dB as compared with the dynamic range ( ⁇ 15 dB) of the conventional optical fiber amplifier using only the optical isolator.
- the inventive optical fiber amplifier has the maximum power variation 0.8 DB which is smaller than the maximum power variation 1.4 dB of the conventional optical fiber amplifier using only the optical isolator. From the above results, it can be appreciated that the inventive optical fiber amplifier is suitable for the WDM system.
- the synchronized etalon filter 3 used in the inventive optical fiber amplifier has a 3 dB 20 GHz bandwidth which is wide enough in transmitting 2.5 Gb/s signals. Therefore, if the wavelengths of the WDM signals are well matched with the resonant frequencies of the filter, the penalty of the receiving sensitivity due to the filter is negligible. To confirm this, a performance of the inventive optical fiber amplifier was measured. In measurement, four WDM light sources were simultaneously modulated by using an LiNbO 3 modulator and then transmitted through a 13 Km single mode optical fiber. The signals are amplified by using the inventive optical fiber amplifier and then demodulated by using a bandpass filter after attenuation. The demodulated signals are received through an APD (Avalanche Photodiode) and the bit error rate (BER) is measured for the received demodulation signals.
- APD Anavalanche Photodiode
- FIG. 6 illustrates the measured bit error rate of the novel optical fiber amplifier with respect to a received power, wherein the WDM signals have wavelengths of 1549.1 nm, 1550.7 nm, 1552.3 nm and 1553.9 nm.
- the receiving sensitivity of the four channels was measured as ⁇ 34 ⁇ 0.1 dBm at the bit error rate 10 ⁇ 9 .
- the penalty of the receiving sensitivity due to the filter in the inventive optical fiber amplifier is negligible.
- the equivalent bandwidth of the filter is remarkably reduced. Therefore, the 3 dB bandwidth of the filter should be made to be wide enough. For example, if it is assumed that an approximately quadruple equivalent bandwidth of 10 GHz is required in order to transmit a 2.5 Gb/s optical signal without the penalty, the bandwidth of the filter used in the inventive optical fiber amplifier should be wider than 37 GHz in order to use ten inventive optical fiber amplifiers. However, since the bandwidth of the filter is inversely proportional to the small signal gain, it is important for the system user to determine an optimal 3dB bandwidth according to the using purposes.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a bidirectional optical fiber amplifier using synchronized etalon filters according to an embodiment of the present invention. Since the optical signals travel bidirectionally in the bidirectional optical fiber amplifier, the optical isolator cannot be used. Therefore, the gain of the amplifier is restricted by the backward-traveling signal generated by Rayleigh back scattering and reflecting, and the phase noise is converted to the intensity noise thereby causing the penalty of the receiving sensitivity. To prevent this, conventionally, the optical path is divided for the optical signals traveling in the opposite directions by using optical circulators 12 and 15 , and an optical isolator or grating is used in the divided paths.
- the novel optical fiber amplifier using the synchronized etalon filter has the high gain, the high output power and the low noise figure, without limiting the gain bandwidth. Therefore, the novel optical fiber amplifier can be widely used in the WDM system.
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1019970067400A KR100280968B1 (ko) | 1997-12-10 | 1997-12-10 | 동기화된에탈론필터를이용한광섬유증폭기 |
KR97-67400 | 1997-12-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US6181467B1 true US6181467B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 |
Family
ID=19526915
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/208,850 Expired - Lifetime US6181467B1 (en) | 1997-12-10 | 1998-12-10 | Optical fiber amplifier using synchronized etalon filter |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6181467B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3217037B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100280968B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1101608C (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2772214B1 (ja) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20020163684A1 (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2002-11-07 | Ar Card | Optical noise reduction apparatus and method |
US6490077B1 (en) * | 2000-11-20 | 2002-12-03 | Corning Incorporated | Composite optical amplifier |
US20030053748A1 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-03-20 | Byeong-Hoon Kim | DC WDM device and DC WDM system and transmission network using the same |
CN1324395C (zh) * | 2001-10-29 | 2007-07-04 | 李东翰 | 与拉曼光纤放大器和半导体光放大器耦合的混合光放大器 |
US20090225900A1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2009-09-10 | Fujitsu Limited | Data transmitting circuit and transmitting method |
US20100150188A1 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-17 | Lee Han-Hyub | Seed light module for passive optical network |
WO2012025752A1 (en) | 2010-08-24 | 2012-03-01 | Oclaro Technology Limited | Optical amplifiers |
US20120248287A1 (en) * | 2011-04-04 | 2012-10-04 | Fujitsu Limited | Optical amplification apparatus, method for controlling same, optical receiver station, and optical transmission system |
WO2013093577A1 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-27 | Gigaphoton Inc. | Laser apparatus |
US10374379B2 (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2019-08-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Systems, apparatus, and methods for laser amplification in fiber amplifiers |
US10446049B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 | 2019-10-15 | Kevin L. Martin | Physical training system and method |
Families Citing this family (4)
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CN100561808C (zh) * | 2006-09-30 | 2009-11-18 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | 基于全光纤激光器的光参量放大系统 |
JP6366257B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-15 | 2018-08-01 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 光増幅装置、光通信システムおよび光増幅方法 |
JP6734100B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2020-08-05 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ増幅器および多段光増幅ファイバ構造 |
CN117613648A (zh) * | 2018-11-13 | 2024-02-27 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | 一种均衡泵浦的L-band光纤放大器 |
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- 1998-12-10 US US09/208,850 patent/US6181467B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-10 JP JP35059698A patent/JP3217037B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US10374379B2 (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2019-08-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Systems, apparatus, and methods for laser amplification in fiber amplifiers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2772214B1 (fr) | 2004-10-01 |
KR19990048644A (ko) | 1999-07-05 |
JPH11238927A (ja) | 1999-08-31 |
KR100280968B1 (ko) | 2001-02-01 |
CN1101608C (zh) | 2003-02-12 |
FR2772214A1 (fr) | 1999-06-11 |
CN1219790A (zh) | 1999-06-16 |
JP3217037B2 (ja) | 2001-10-09 |
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