US6174224B1 - Method and apparatus for cooling and/or lubrication of a work head - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for cooling and/or lubrication of a work head Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6174224B1 US6174224B1 US09/242,835 US24283599A US6174224B1 US 6174224 B1 US6174224 B1 US 6174224B1 US 24283599 A US24283599 A US 24283599A US 6174224 B1 US6174224 B1 US 6174224B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- coolant
- liquid lubricant
- workhead
- housing
- oscillator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a workhead intended for metal working machines, which is adaptable for use in such mechanical working of metals and plastics involving the use of liquid lubricants and/or coolants.
- mechanical working encompasses various machining operations, such as turning, grindings etc. as well as non-cutting treatment of surfaces to be worked, such as for example the use of various pressing tools for finishing a surface.
- the invention relates also to a method for mechanical working of materials with a workhead, including a tool acting on a surface to be worked and means for supplying a liquid lubricant and/or coolant onto the working area of a surface to be treated.
- the liquid lubricant and/or coolant When flowing through said conduit, the liquid lubricant and/or coolant is subjected to an ultrasound treatment which improves its lubricating and cooling properties and reduces the degree of plastic strain within the chip-forming area.
- a defect in this prior known apparatus is that the ultrasound treatment of a liquid lubricant and/or coolant is not sufficiently effective due to small amounts of liquid lubricant and/or coolant subjected to the treatment and due to a short duration of the ultrasound oscillation applied thereto as well as due to the location of a concentrator in the proximity of a surface to be treated, which is why this apparatus can only make use of liquid lubricants and/or coolants at a low viscosity without homogeneous and heterogeneous additives.
- the cylindrical housing When the apparatus is operating, the cylindrical housing is supplied through the connecting pipe with a liquid lubricant and/or coolant, which fills the pipe to the top surface and runs through this pipe and the connector to the end of the corrugated tube and onto the working surface of a grinding wheel.
- a liquid lubricant and/or coolant which fills the pipe to the top surface and runs through this pipe and the connector to the end of the corrugated tube and onto the working surface of a grinding wheel.
- From an ultrasound generator extends a supply to a magnetostriction converter and concurrently the liquid lubricant and/or coolant as well as the corrugated tube are subjected to ultrasound oscillations.
- a defect in this prior known apparatus is a low efficiency of the ultrasound treatment, which is why it cannot be used with liquid lubricants and/or coolants, which are organic mixture blends and which contain for example asphaltenes—resins which have a lower thermal stability and solubility than aromatic hydrocarbons.
- This type of liquid lubricants and/or coolants are needed when working metals by cutting, grinding, turning, drilling etc.
- it is not possible to achieve a necessary stability for water-in-oil emulsions the decrease of viscosity is slight and so is the increase in the anti-bacterial resistance of a liquid lubricant and/or coolant.
- the mission to be accomplished by the invention encompasses the construction of a workhead for metal working machines, which has high operating qualities and which is capable of securing a.o. a minimal wear of the tool and a high quality for a surface to be treated.
- a workhead of the invention is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing portion of claim 1 .
- a method of the invention is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing portion of claim 7 .
- the technical result achieved by implementing the invention comprises an improvement in the efficiency of the cavitation treatment of a liquid lubricant and/or coolant, which secures the dispersion of a solid lubrication in aqueous solutions, an increase in the stability of water-in-oil emulsions, decomposition of a liquid lubricant and/or coolant and a decrease of viscosity, an improvement in corrosion resistance.
- the improved quality of a liquid lubricant and/or coolant the wear of tools is reduced, with blades, for example, a 1,5-2-fold reduction, and simultaneously the quality of a working surface and the geometrical properties thereof are improved.
- the improved anti-bacterial resistance of a liquid lubricant and/or coolant the service life of such liquid increases, thus reducing the consumption thereof.
- An object of this invention resides in the fact that a workhead intended for mechanical working of various materials, such as metals, plastics, which includes an electromechanical converter, rigidly engaged with an extension element, located in a housing chamber filled with a liquid lubricant and/or coolant, a tool, a power supply with its winding, pipelines in a flow communication with the chamber for supplying and discharging the liquid lubricant and/or coolant, is provided with at least one hydrodynamic additional oscillator, which is placed in the liquid lubricant and/or coolant supply and discharge pipelines or in the same housing with the electromechanical converter, said additional oscillator having an operating frequency which is 1,5-3 ′′10 5 times higher than the frequency of the main converter, and that the liquid supply pipe of the chamber is fitted with a hydrostatic pressure regulator.
- the apparatus is provided in the upper portion of the housing with a gas supply pipe, which is fitted with a pressure regulator.
- the electromechanical converter may comprise electromagnetic, magnetostriction, electrostriction, electrodynamic and other oscillators, which convert the energy of an electrical current into mechanical oscillatory motions.
- the characterizing features of an apparatus of the invention secure at least a two-frequency cavitation treatment for the liquid lubricant and/or coolant, which substantially improves the liquid quality.
- the conducted studies have proved that the cooperation between two-frequency cavitation fields separated by an order (order of 8) or more enhances considerably the efficiency of a process action for a liquid lubricant and/or coolant, depending on the adaptation of the frequencies of cavitation fields, the amplitudes of pressures, and the static distribution feature of the dimensions of cavitation embryos.
- the action of the forces of a low-frequency field is combined with a static pressure, which leads to an improvement in the efficiency of the action of cavitation of a single cavity.
- the high-frequency field creates the oscillations of cavitation cavities.
- the expansion rate of a single cavity at first increases until the cavity dimensions surpass the resonance and then diminish.
- the cavity reaches a maximum radius in the earlier phase of a low-frequency field, as the amplitude of pressure is at its maximum.
- the energy of the cavity increases vigorously during the collapse and cuts down the collapsing time.
- the actions of acoustic currents and radiation pressure gain strength the audio-capillary effect will be more pronounced.
- the workpiece develops various microscopic crystal imperfections, the working surfaces, affected adversely by oxygen, become oxidized. This improves the chemical adsorption of the reagents of liquid lubricants and/or coolants, improves the adhesion thereof to a surface to be treated.
- the adsorption of the reagents of a liquid lubricant and/or coolant onto the surfaces of solid lubrication particles decreases the adhesion forces therebetween and prevents the sintering of particles, while activating the cleaning and lubricating properties.
- the emulsion becomes low-dispersive.
- FIG. 1 shows one embodiment for an apparatus of the invention in a schematic view
- FIG. 2 shows another embodiment for an apparatus of the invention in a schematic view.
- the apparatus includes a housing 1 , whose internal chamber space is fitted with an oscillator 2 (an electromechanical converter), to which is connected a disc roller 4 through the intermediary of an extension piece 3 .
- an oscillator 2 an electromechanical converter
- a pipeline 6 is intended for supplying a liquid lubricant and/or coolant into the housing 1 and a pipeline 7 for delivering the liquid lubricant and/or coolant from the housing 1 onto a working area.
- a spring 8 is intended for pressing the housing 1 , the extension piece 3 , and the tool 4 against a workpiece 9 .
- On the pipeline 6 is mounted a hydrostatic pressure regulator 10 .
- the pipelines 7 and 6 are fitted with hydrodynamic emitters 11 .
- a workhead is secured to the cradle of a working machine by means of a tool holder 12 .
- the top portion of the housing 1 is fitted with a pipeline 13 for supplying nitrogen through a static gas pressure regulator 14 .
- the housing 1 is further provided with a hydrodynamic vortex converter 15 and the tool employed is a slotting tool 16 .
- the working machine can be a flattening machine.
- the apparatus operates as follows.
- the workhead is secured by means of the tool holder 12 to the cradle of a working machine.
- the tool 4 is shown in the starting position out of contact with a surface to be treated.
- the housing 1 is filled with a liquid lubricant and/or coolant (e.g. Castrol Syntilo R4) through the hydraulic hydrostatic-pressure regulator 10 , the emitter 11 , and the pipeline 6 .
- a liquid lubricant and/or coolant e.g. Castrol Syntilo R4
- the liquid-filled cavity develops a positive pressure of 1,2 MPa. Under the elevated static pressure, the cavitation enhances intensely the destruction process of soiled adsorption surfaces.
- the oscillator 2 Upon receiving electricity through the power supply 5 , the oscillator 2 begins its function. Simultaneously the oscillators 11 , which operate at high frequencies (e.g. 2 MHz), start applying their action on the liquid lubricant and/or coolant.
- the main oscillator 2 has an operating frequency of e.g. 10 Hz.
- the liquid lubricant and/or coolant will be subjected in the workhead to a two-stage treatment on common two-frequency fields: those of a low frequency and a high frequency.
- the housing 1 is secured.
- the clamp is released and a necessary press force for the tool 4 against a workpiece is produced by means of the spring 8 .
- the liquid lubricant and/or coolant warms up to some extent and is carried through the hydrodynamic oscillator 11 to a working area in the form of a flux of extremely small particles.
- the components of the liquid lubricant and/or coolant disperse and develop free radicals, which are subjected to a chemical reaction with the contact surfaces 4 and 9 .
- the liquid lubricant and/or coolant attains excellent moistening qualities and, as a result of the audio-capillary effect, penetrates into micropores existing in the surface of the piece 9 and the tool 4 and into the depressions of micro-irregularities.
- the two-frequency treatment of a liquid lubricant and/or coolant is handled by means of a hydrodynamic vortex converter 15 , which produces the liquid cavitation; the tool comprises a slotting tool 16 .
- the pipeline 13 is used to supply the top portion of the housing 1 with nitrogen for attaining a positive pressure for the electromechanical converter.
- the rate of positive pressure is controlled by means of the regulator 14 .
- the nitrogen gas improves the durability of a hard alloy tool in the working area.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI963767 | 1996-09-23 | ||
FI963767A FI101865B (fi) | 1996-09-23 | 1996-09-23 | Työpää materiaalien mekaaniseen työstöön |
PCT/FI1997/000567 WO1998012017A1 (en) | 1996-09-23 | 1997-09-23 | Method and apparatus for cooling and/or lubrication of a work head |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6174224B1 true US6174224B1 (en) | 2001-01-16 |
Family
ID=8546723
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/242,835 Expired - Fee Related US6174224B1 (en) | 1996-09-23 | 1997-09-23 | Method and apparatus for cooling and/or lubrication of a work head |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6174224B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0932476B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2001500798A (de) |
AU (1) | AU4386597A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2264591A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69717654T2 (de) |
FI (1) | FI101865B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998012017A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6414075B1 (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2002-07-02 | Clariant Gmbh | Use of polymers as antimisting additives in water-based cooling lubricants |
US6688945B2 (en) * | 2002-03-25 | 2004-02-10 | Macronix International Co. Ltd. | CMP endpoint detection system |
US8568198B2 (en) | 2010-07-16 | 2013-10-29 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Active coolant flow control for machining processes |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20100080626A (ko) * | 2008-06-26 | 2010-07-09 | 파나소닉 주식회사 | 연삭 장치 및 연삭 방법 |
KR101003395B1 (ko) | 2010-07-28 | 2010-12-23 | 주식회사 해정 | 대형 중공체의 내경 엔씨가공 전용장치의 절삭아암 냉각구조 |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2851764A (en) | 1952-10-24 | 1958-09-16 | Standard Oil Co | Method for cooling and lubricating cutting tools |
GB1155652A (en) | 1965-06-24 | 1969-06-18 | Wheelabrator Corp | Improvements in and relating to a method of Supplying Coolant to a Machining Surface and Apparatus suitable for Supplying the Coolant |
EP0120599A2 (de) | 1983-03-24 | 1984-10-03 | Wheelabrator-Frye Inc. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bohren |
DE3338739A1 (de) | 1983-05-07 | 1984-11-08 | Kuroda Precision Industries Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa | Schneidfluessigkeitszufuhrvorrichtung |
SU1514506A1 (ru) | 1988-02-04 | 1989-10-15 | Le Mekh I Im Marshala Sovetsko | Способ вибрационного сверления глубоких отверстий |
US5228369A (en) * | 1990-12-28 | 1993-07-20 | Konica Corporation | Method of surface machining for substrate of electrophotographic photoreceptor |
US5603655A (en) * | 1991-10-09 | 1997-02-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for working on a workpiece, using foamed working liquid in area of contact between the workpiece and working tool |
US5833523A (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1998-11-10 | Hykes; Timothy W. | Variable volume coolant system |
US5961376A (en) * | 1997-01-16 | 1999-10-05 | Wernicke & Co. Gmbh | Method of increasing the service life of grinding wheels |
-
1996
- 1996-09-23 FI FI963767A patent/FI101865B/fi active
-
1997
- 1997-09-23 WO PCT/FI1997/000567 patent/WO1998012017A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-09-23 AU AU43865/97A patent/AU4386597A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-09-23 DE DE69717654T patent/DE69717654T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-23 CA CA002264591A patent/CA2264591A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-09-23 JP JP10514332A patent/JP2001500798A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1997-09-23 EP EP97942051A patent/EP0932476B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-23 US US09/242,835 patent/US6174224B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2851764A (en) | 1952-10-24 | 1958-09-16 | Standard Oil Co | Method for cooling and lubricating cutting tools |
GB1155652A (en) | 1965-06-24 | 1969-06-18 | Wheelabrator Corp | Improvements in and relating to a method of Supplying Coolant to a Machining Surface and Apparatus suitable for Supplying the Coolant |
SE314273B (de) | 1965-06-24 | 1969-09-01 | Wheelabrator Corp | |
EP0120599A2 (de) | 1983-03-24 | 1984-10-03 | Wheelabrator-Frye Inc. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bohren |
DE3338739A1 (de) | 1983-05-07 | 1984-11-08 | Kuroda Precision Industries Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa | Schneidfluessigkeitszufuhrvorrichtung |
US4514149A (en) | 1983-05-07 | 1985-04-30 | Kuroda Precision Industries Ltd. | Cutting fluid supply apparatus |
SU1514506A1 (ru) | 1988-02-04 | 1989-10-15 | Le Mekh I Im Marshala Sovetsko | Способ вибрационного сверления глубоких отверстий |
US5228369A (en) * | 1990-12-28 | 1993-07-20 | Konica Corporation | Method of surface machining for substrate of electrophotographic photoreceptor |
US5603655A (en) * | 1991-10-09 | 1997-02-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for working on a workpiece, using foamed working liquid in area of contact between the workpiece and working tool |
US5833523A (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1998-11-10 | Hykes; Timothy W. | Variable volume coolant system |
US5961376A (en) * | 1997-01-16 | 1999-10-05 | Wernicke & Co. Gmbh | Method of increasing the service life of grinding wheels |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Khudibin, 1971, "Lubricant-Coolants Used for Gringing", PP 96-7, Publisher"Machinostryenlye", Moscow( with English abstract). |
Ovsepjan et al., 1977, Brief presentation theses at the VIII pan-soviet scientific and production conference on electrophysical and electrochemical working methods ELFA-77, De. 13-5( with English abstract). |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6414075B1 (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2002-07-02 | Clariant Gmbh | Use of polymers as antimisting additives in water-based cooling lubricants |
US6688945B2 (en) * | 2002-03-25 | 2004-02-10 | Macronix International Co. Ltd. | CMP endpoint detection system |
US8568198B2 (en) | 2010-07-16 | 2013-10-29 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Active coolant flow control for machining processes |
US8821212B2 (en) | 2010-07-16 | 2014-09-02 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Active coolant flow control for machining processes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2264591A1 (en) | 1998-03-26 |
DE69717654D1 (de) | 2003-01-16 |
FI101865B1 (fi) | 1998-09-15 |
EP0932476B1 (de) | 2002-12-04 |
FI101865B (fi) | 1998-09-15 |
JP2001500798A (ja) | 2001-01-23 |
FI963767A (fi) | 1998-03-24 |
DE69717654T2 (de) | 2003-09-18 |
AU4386597A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
WO1998012017A1 (en) | 1998-03-26 |
FI963767A0 (fi) | 1996-09-23 |
EP0932476A1 (de) | 1999-08-04 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20090116 |