US6118834A - Rate adaptation in a non-uniform non-transparent data channel - Google Patents

Rate adaptation in a non-uniform non-transparent data channel Download PDF

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US6118834A
US6118834A US08/894,027 US89402797A US6118834A US 6118834 A US6118834 A US 6118834A US 89402797 A US89402797 A US 89402797A US 6118834 A US6118834 A US 6118834A
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traffic channel
data
data buffer
channel section
frame
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Juha Rasanen
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Nokia Oyj
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
    • H04W8/04—Registration at HLR or HSS [Home Subscriber Server]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
    • H04J3/062—Synchronisation of signals having the same nominal but fluctuating bit rates, e.g. using buffers
    • H04J3/0626—Synchronisation of signals having the same nominal but fluctuating bit rates, e.g. using buffers plesiochronous multiplexing systems, e.g. plesiochronous digital hierarchy [PDH], jitter attenuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/26—Flow control; Congestion control using explicit feedback to the source, e.g. choke packets
    • H04L47/266—Stopping or restarting the source, e.g. X-on or X-off
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/30—Flow control; Congestion control in combination with information about buffer occupancy at either end or at transit nodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/40—Flow control; Congestion control using split connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/40—Network security protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/10—Flow control between communication endpoints
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/324—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the data link layer [OSI layer 2], e.g. HDLC

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rate adaptation method and a rate adapter for a non-uniform non-transparent data transmission channel, especially in mobile systems having a non-standard transmission capacity at the radio interface
  • a typical mobile system is a public land mobile network (PLMN).
  • the PLMN comprises fixed radio stations (base stations) located in the service area of the mobile network, the radio coverage areas (cells) of the base stations providing a uniform cellular network.
  • a base station provides in the cell a radio interface (air interface) for communication between a mobile station and the PLMN. Since mobile stations can move in the network and they have access to the PLMN through any base station, the PLMNs are provided with complicated arrangements for subscriber data management, authentication and location management of mobile subscribers, for handovers (a change of a base station during a call) etc.
  • the networks are also provided with services that support the transmission of information other than the usual speech calls (speech service), such as data, facsimile, video image, etc. These new services have required a considerable amount of developmental work and new arrangements in the networks.
  • Another area of mobile systems includes satellite-based mobile services.
  • radio coverage is obtained with satellites instead of terrestrial base stations.
  • the satellites are located on an orbit circling the earth and transmitting radio signals between mobile stations (or user terminals UT) and land earth stations (LES).
  • the beam of the satellite provides on the earth a coverage area, i.e. a cell.
  • the coverage areas of individual satellites are arranged to form continuous coverage so that a mobile station is located at all times within the coverage area of at least one satellite.
  • the number of the satellites needed depends on the desired coverage. Continuous coverage on the surface of the earth might require for example 10 satellites.
  • Subscriber mobility requires similar arrangements in satellite mobile systems as in the PLMNs, i.e. subscriber data management, authentication and location management of mobile subscribers, handovers, etc.
  • the satellite systems should also support similar services as the PLMNs.
  • a traffic channel in the GSM system supports data transmission at the user rates of 2400, 4800, 7200 and 9600 bit/s.
  • Non-transparent data services also utilize a radio link protocol RLP between a mobile station MS and an interworking function IWF, which is typically situated at a mobile services switching centre MSC.
  • the RLP is a frame-structured balanced (HDLC-type) data transmission protocol.
  • Error correction in the RLP is based on the retransmissions of frames corrupted on the traffic channel, requested by the receiving party.
  • the traffic channel employs channel coding that aims at decreasing the effect of transmission errors. Due to the channel coding and the other overhead information the bit rate at the radio interface will be higher than the actual user rate.
  • the radio interface rates for the user rates of 2400, 4800 and 9600 bit/s are 3600, 6000 and 12000 bit/s, respectively.
  • the Inmarsat-P satellite system requires that standard data rates up to 4800 bit/s can be transmitted on one traffic channel (e.g. 1200, 2400, 4800 bit/s) and that standard data rates exceeding 4800 bit/s (e.g. 9600, 14400, 19200 bit/s, etc.) can be transmitted by using several parallel traffic channels, such as in the HSCSD service of the GSM system.
  • one traffic channel e.g. 1200, 2400, 4800 bit/s
  • standard data rates exceeding 4800 bit/s e.g. 9600, 14400, 19200 bit/s, etc.
  • the data rate of one traffic channel at the radio interface is at most 4800 bit/s, which equals the user data rate of 4800 bit/s at the terminal interface.
  • the data rate at the radio interface equals the user data rate of 9600 bit/s at the terminal interface.
  • the MSC-IWF transmits data towards the MS at the same rate as data is received from the fixed network, such as the ISDN or the PSTN.
  • the fixed network such as the ISDN or the PSTN.
  • this may signify a data rate of 12000 bit/s in a non-transparent call since the data modem of the IWF may operate in an autobauding mode towards the fixed network.
  • the LES may transmit data that it receives from the MSC-IWF towards the MS at a considerably lower rate, i.e. 4800 bit/s.
  • the MS may easily receive the data that the LES transmits with the lower data rate, but the data begins to accumulate and may be lost at the LES.
  • the MSC-IWF continues transmitting at the full rate of 12000 bit/s until a transmission window set in the RLP protocol is full.
  • a transmission window refers to the number of the RLP frames the transmitting party may transmit without receiving acknowledgment from the receiving party.
  • a similar problem may also occur when other types of radio interfaces are connected to PLMNs, for example wireless telephone systems where the capacity of the traffic channel section at the radio interface is lower than that of the traffic channel section in the remaining part of the PLMN.
  • An object of the present invention is to eliminate or alleviate the above-described problem.
  • the present invention relates to rate adaptation equipment in a telecommunication system for data transmission employing a frame-structured data transmission protocol between the telecommunication equipment of the transmitting party and the telecommunication equipment of the receiving party via a non-uniform non-transparent traffic channel or set of traffic channels consisting of a traffic channel section of a higher capacity and a traffic channel section of a lower capacity.
  • the equipment is characterized in that the rate adaptation equipment is located at an interface between the high capacity and the low capacity traffic channel section and comprises
  • a data buffer that buffers the frames that are received from the high capacity traffic channel section before they are transmitted to the low capacity traffic channel section
  • data buffer control arranged to adjust the filling level of the data buffer by activating, if necessary, data flow control according to said data transmission protocol in the telecommunication equipment of the transmitting party.
  • the invention also relates to a rate adaptation method for data transmission employing a frame-structured data transmission protocol between the telecommunication equipment of the transmitting party and the telecommunication equipment of the receiving party via a non-uniform non-transparent traffic channel or set of traffic channels consisting of a traffic channel section of a higher capacity and a traffic channel section of a lower capacity.
  • the rate adaptation method is characterized in that it comprises the steps of
  • a data buffer which provides the required rate adaptation by storing data frames received from the high capacity traffic channel section until they can be transmitted via the low capacity traffic channel section.
  • RLP radio link protocol
  • the long buffering causes a delay that results in the expiration of the RLP retransmission timer at the transmitting end unless the timer has been set to a sufficiently long value in the negotiation at the beginning of the data session.
  • the actual error correction which is based on the retransmission of the frames as the retransmission timer expires, will be slower. It further slows down when the retransmitted frames (as well as the frames that have been transmitted for the first time) must still stay in the retransmission queue at the LES.
  • the status of the aforementioned data buffer is monitored and the data transmission protocol, e.g. the radio link protocol that operates between the transmitting party and the receiving party, is interrupted and RLP flow control is activated towards the transmitting RLP party.
  • the data buffer is arranged to buffer data that is received from the high capacity traffic channel section and to transmit data to the low capacity traffic channel at the data rate supported by the latter one.
  • the RLP frames are forwarded through the data buffer without modification. If the data buffer fills up to a preset threshold value, the unit that controls the data buffer, for example a base station or an LES of the satellite system, interrupts the radio link protocol between the transmitting and the receiving party and initiates an RLP flow control mode.
  • RNR radio link protocol
  • the transmitting party stops transmitting the RLP frames when the flow control mode is active. In such a case, no more frames are received at the data buffer but it can be emptied with a rate enabled by the low capacity traffic channel.
  • RR receiver ready
  • the unit controlling the data buffer must convert the possible RR frames into RNR frames so that the acknowledgment procedure of the RLP frames would not be disturbed.
  • the unit controlling the data buffer also monitors the RLP frames, which are transmitted from the receiving party to the transmitting party, in order to follow the acknowledgment situation of the frames and to detect whether the receiving party transmits an RNR frame for some other reason.
  • the unit controlling the data buffer checks whether the receiving party has transmitted an RNR frame that it has not cancelled with a subsequent RR frame. If such an RNR mode initiated by the receiving party is not active, the unit controlling the data buffer again intervenes on the RLP protocol between the receiving and the transmitting party and transmits to the transmitting party an RR frame, i.e. it cancels the RLP flow control mode. If the RNR mode that the receiving party has initiated is active, the unit controlling the data buffer does not interrupt the RLP protocol but it prepares to let all the subsequent RR frames pass from the receiving party to the transmitting party.
  • the invention overcomes the problem of rate adaptation in a non-uniform traffic channel where the different sections of the connection have different data transmission capacities and where an error correction protocol is used throughout this non-uniform traffic channel.
  • the invention prevents the excessive accumulation of data at the interface of the traffic channel sections by using buffering which can be maintained rather minor, however, by monitoring the filling level of the buffer and by initiating, if required, a flow control mode at the transmitting end.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration according to the GSM recommendations for data transmission
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure of an RLP frame
  • FIG. 3 shows the format of a header in an RLP frame
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating how the Inmarsat-P satellite system is connected as a base station system to a GSM-based mobile system
  • FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram illustrating the buffer equipment according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of the buffer equipment of FIG. 5.
  • the present invention can be applied for data transmission through any traffic channel consisting of two or more sections of different transmission rates.
  • the preferred embodiments of the invention will be described by using as an example the interworking between a GSM-based mobile system and the Inmarsat-P satellite system connected thereto as a "base station system". However, the invention is not to be restricted to these systems.
  • GSM-based mobile systems include DCS1800 (Digital Communication System) and the US digital cellular system PCS (Personal Communication System).
  • the configuration according to the GSM recommendations for data transmission is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the basic structure of the GSM mobile system is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the GSM structure comprises two parts: a base station system BSS 100 and a network subsystem NSS.
  • the BSS 100 and the MSs 102 communicate via radio connections.
  • each cell is serviced by a base station BTS (not shown in the figure).
  • a number of base stations are connected to a base station controller BSC (not shown in FIG. 1) the function of which is to control the radio frequencies and channels used by the BTS.
  • the BSSs are connected to an MSC 104.
  • Certain MSCs are connected to other telecommunication networks, such as the public switched telephone network PSTN and the ISDN 106.
  • a data connection 108 is established between a terminal adaptation function TAF of an MS and an IWF in the mobile network (usually in the MSC).
  • this connection is a V.110 rate-adapted, UDI-coded digital full-duplex connection that is adapted to V.24 interfaces.
  • the V.110 connection described herein is a digital transmission channel that was originally developed for ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) technology, that is adapted to the V.24 interface, and that also provides the possibility of transmitting V.24 statuses (control signals).
  • the CCITT recommendation for a V.110 rate-adapted connection is disclosed in the CCITT Blue Book: V.110.
  • the CCITT recommendation for a V.24 interface is disclosed in the CCITT Blue Book: V.24.
  • the TAF 108 adapts the data terminal TE 110 connected to the MS to the aforementioned GSM V.110 data connection which is established over a physical connection utilizing one or several traffic channels (HSCSD).
  • the IWF comprises a rate adapter that adapts the GSM V.110 data connection to the V.24 interface, and a data modem or another rate adapter depending on whether the connection is extended to the PSTN or the ISDN.
  • a data connection is established for example to another TE.
  • the V.24 interface between the MS and the TE is called here a terminal interface.
  • a corresponding terminal interface is also located in the IWF as well as in the other TE 112 in the ISDN or the PSTN.
  • a GSM traffic channel supports data transmission with the user rates of 2400, 4800, 7200 and 9600 bit/s.
  • the traffic channel employs channel coding that aims at decreasing the effect of transmission errors.
  • the channel coding and the various overhead information increase the bit rate at the radio interface higher than the actual user rate.
  • the radio interface rates corresponding to the user rates of 2400, 4800 and 9600 bit/s are 3600, 6000 and 12000 bit/s.
  • Non-transparent data services also employ a radio link protocol RLP between an MS and an IWF.
  • the IWF is typically situated at the MSC.
  • the RLP is a frame-structured balanced (HDLC-type) data transmission protocol that is described in the GSM recommendation 04.22. More precisely, data is transmitted between the TAF and the IWF in the RLP frames of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows the format of the header field. The parameters of the header are disclosed in the GSM recommendation 04.22.
  • the RLP frame has a fixed length of 20 bits that consists of a header (16 bits) and an information field (200 bits) and a frame check sequence (FCS) (24 bits).
  • the error correction in the RLP is based on the retransmission of frames corrupted on the traffic channel, requested by the receiving party. Therefore the transmitted RLP frames are stored in the transmitting end until an acknowledgment is received from the receiving end. If the transmitting end does not receive an acknowledgment or receives a negative acknowledgment, the transmitting end repeats the transmission a predetermined number of times. The number of retransmissions is restricted by a parameter N2 so that endless transmission loops due to a very poor connection are avoided.
  • the transmission of the RLP frame is repeated when a preset time T1 has elapsed since the preceding transmission. In order to decrease the amount of buffering required in the transmitting end, a sliding window is used for acknowledgment.
  • the RLP window therefore represents a sliding group of frames that have already been transmitted but that have not been acknowledged.
  • the size of the window (the number of frames) is determined by a parameter W.
  • the RLP parties negotiate the values of the parameters N2, T1 and WS at the beginning of the session.
  • the RLP protocol also comprises flow control which is used to adjust the filling level of the transmission and reception buffers in the TAF and the IWF.
  • This flow control is described for example in the GSM recommendation 07.02.
  • the receiving RLP party (TAF or IWF) immediately transmits a "flow control active" indication to the transmitting party (IWF or TAF) if the reception buffer from the radio path reaches a predetermined threshold value, or if the TE has initiated local flow control at the terminal interface.
  • this flow control indication it interrupts the data transmission from the reception buffer to the terminal interface.
  • the TAF/IWF transmits a "flow control inactive" indication.
  • the data transmission from the reception buffer is reactivated.
  • the transmitting party activates the local flow control immediately when the transmission buffer reaches a predetermined threshold value or when it receives a "flow control active" indication from the receiving party.
  • the IWF/TAF removes the local flow control.
  • the transmission buffer buffers the data received from the V.24 interface in such a way that data is not lost if the MS is not able to transmit data immediately over the radio path.
  • the reception buffer buffers the data that is transmitted to the V.24 interface in such a way that the data received from the traffic channel is not lost if it cannot be immediately forwarded via the V.24 interface, for example to the TE.
  • the aforementioned predetermined threshold value that activates the flow control is for example a transmission or a reception buffer that is half full.
  • the Inmarsat-P satellite system 114 is connected as a base station system to a GSM-based mobile system.
  • radio coverage is obtained by satellites instead of base stations located on the ground, the satellites being on an orbit circling the earth and transmitting radio signals between MSs (or user terminals UT) and LESs 116.
  • the beam of the satellite forms a coverage area, i.e. a cell, on the earth.
  • the coverage areas of individual satellites are arranged to form continuous coverage so that an MS is at all times located within the coverage area of at least one satellite.
  • the number of the satellites required depends on the desired coverage. Continuous coverage on the surface of the earth might require for example 10 satellites.
  • FIG. 4 shows, for the sake of clarity, only one LES 116, one satellite SAT 114 and one MS 102.
  • the LES is connected to the MSC of the GSM network in the same way as the BSS in FIG. 1.
  • GSM protocols between the MSC and the LES are the same as between the MSC and the BSS in FIG. 1 (GSM V.110).
  • the terminal interface is also the same as in FIG. 1. The difference is that in FIG. 4 the GSM V.110 connection is not used over the entire connection between the MSC and the MS but the radio interface between the LES and the MS uses the Inmarsat protocols and traffic channels.
  • a radio interface consists of a bidirectional satellite radio connection between an MS and an LES.
  • the exact structure or operation of the units SAT, LES and MS in the satellite system or the accurate specifications of the radio interface are not relevant to the present invention.
  • the invention does not require changes in the actual satellite system the details of which can be obtained from the Inmarsat specifications.
  • the only feature essential to the invention is the capacity of the traffic channel formed over the radio interface. In other words, in the Inmarsat-P system the maximum data rate of a traffic channel is 4800 bit/s, whereas in the GSM network section the maximum data rate of the traffic channel is 12000 bit/s. Therefore the end-to-end traffic channel between the TAF and the IWF is non-uniform which causes the above-described problem, i.e. the accumulation of data at the LES.
  • traffic channel capacity is different at the radio interface than in the other parts of the network.
  • a network unit such as an LES of a satellite system or a BTS of a radio system, which is situated at the interface of traffic channel sections of different capacities, with a data buffer that provides the required rate adaptation.
  • the degree of use of the data buffer is monitored and adjusted by utilizing the end-to-end RLP protocol that operates between the transmitting and the receiving party. This is performed by activating the RLP data flow control in the direction of the transmitting RLP party by means of RNR frames when the buffer is full and by deleting the data flow control activation by means of RR frames when the buffer is empty.
  • RLP unit such as an IWF and a TAF.
  • the present invention utilizes the existing feature of the RLP protocol, i.e. data flow control.
  • the data flow control according to the invention is based entirely on a new type of use of RR and RNR frames.
  • the transmitting and the receiving RLP unit are not aware of the interruption of the end-to-end protocol and the use of the frames on the traffic channel. Instead, they assume that they interchange frames according to the protocol directly between them. Therefore it is only necessary to describe the operation according to the invention carried out by the network unit situated between the parties in order to understand and implement the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the implementation of the invention at an LES of a satellite system.
  • FIG. 5 only shows the functional blocks that are essential to the invention.
  • the downlink direction is the transmission direction from the IWF to the TAF and the uplink direction is the opposite direction.
  • the LES comprises a data buffer 51 that receives RLP frames from the IWF via a GSM traffic channel having the rate of 12000 bit/s.
  • the data buffer 51 buffers the received RLP frames in order to transmit them to the TAF via an Inmarsat-P traffic channel at the rate of 4800 bit/s.
  • the LES also comprises data buffer mode control that adjusts the filling level of the data buffer 51 in the manner according to the invention.
  • the LES also comprises a unit 53 for monitoring and processing the frames, the unit receiving the uplink RLP frames from the TAF at the rate of 4800 bit/s.
  • the unit 53 forwards the information about the frame type to the control unit 52 and transmits the frames to the IWF at the rate of 12000 bit/s either as such or in a modified form, as will be described in greater detail below.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of the unit 52 in the mode control of the data buffer 51.
  • the data buffer 51 is given a higher threshold value THRESH1 and a lower threshold value THRESH2 that describe the filling level of the data buffer.
  • Each threshold value corresponds to a preset number of RLP frames in the data buffer, for example.
  • the data buffer 51 is in the normal operating mode. In other words, the filling level of the data buffer is between THRESH1 and THRESH2, and the data flow control according to the invention is not active.
  • the control unit 52 monitors the uplink RLP frames that the TAF transmits to the IWF. More particularly, the frame monitoring and processing unit 53, for example buffer storage, captures the frame, reads the frame number and forwards the frame number to the control unit 52. The control unit 52 stores in its memory the latest acknowledged frame number. In this manner, the control unit 52 is able to monitor the acknowledgment situation of the frames.
  • the frame monitoring and processing unit 53 for example buffer storage, captures the frame, reads the frame number and forwards the frame number to the control unit 52.
  • the control unit 52 stores in its memory the latest acknowledged frame number. In this manner, the control unit 52 is able to monitor the acknowledgment situation of the frames.
  • the control unit 52 also monitors the filling level of the data buffer 51 (steps 63 and 64). If the filling level of the buffer has not reached the higher threshold value THRESH1, the process moves from step 64 back to step 62. If the data buffer 51 has filled up to the threshold value THRESH1, the control unit 52 intervenes on the RLP protocol between the TAF and the IWF and activates data flow control in the IWF. This takes place in such a way that the control unit 52 commands the frame monitoring and processing unit 53 to transmit an RNR frame comprising the latest acknowledged frame number to the IWF. When the IWF receives the RNR frame it stops transmitting data frames in the downlink direction to the data buffer 51 and activates the local data flow control according to the GSM recommendation 07.02.
  • the data buffer 51 continues transmitting the RLP frames in the downlink direction to the TAF, which results in the data buffer being gradually emptied.
  • the TAF simultaneously continues transmitting the RLP frames in the uplink direction according to the RLP protocol.
  • the control unit 52 In order to avoid error situations, the control unit 52 must monitor whether the uplink frames comprise RR or RNR frames. For this purpose, the frame monitoring and processing unit 53 buffers each uplink frame until the control unit 52 has analyzed and possibly modified it.
  • control unit 52 If the control unit 52 detects that the uplink frame is an RR frame (step 66), it converts the frame into an RNR frame (step 67) and resets the RNR flag (step 68).
  • the purpose of this conversion of the frame type is to prevent the RR frames from eliminating the local data flow control in the IWF before the data buffer 51 has been emptied sufficiently. The procedure then moves on to step 71.
  • step 69 the control unit 52 analyzes in step 69 whether it is an RNR frame. If the frame is an RNR frame, an RNR flag, which is maintained by the control unit 52 in its memory, is set (step 70). The RNR flag indicates that the TAF itself has transmitted the RNR frame in order to activate the local flow control in the IWF. The RNR frame is set until the next RR frame resets it in step 68.
  • step 70 proceeds from step 70 to step 71.
  • step 69 is also followed directly by step 71 if the uplink frame is not an RNR frame.
  • step 71 the frame number in the memory of the control unit 52 is updated and the uplink frame is forwarded to the IWF.
  • step 72 the control unit 52 checks whether the filling level of the data buffer 51 has decreased to the lower threshold value THRESH2. If it has not, the process returns to step 66. If it has, it is checked in step 73 whether the RNR flag has been set. If it has not been, an RR frame provided with the latest acknowledged frame number is transmitted to the IWF (step 74). This terminates the local data flow control that was activated by the control unit 52 in order to empty the data buffer 51. The process then returns to step 62.
  • step 73 If it is detected in step 73 that the RNR flag has been set, it indicates that the TAF has also activated the local data flow control in the IWF. Therefore the process moves directly from step 73 to step 62 so that the data flow control in the IWF continues until the TAF transmits an RR frame.
  • the invention has been described above applied in the downlink direction. Corresponding rate adaptation may also be needed in the uplink direction for example in connection with HSCD services.
  • the traffic channels of the radio interface thus form the aforementioned traffic channel section of a higher capacity and the GSM traffic channel forms the traffic channel section of a lower capacity.
  • the result is that the uplink RLP frames accumulate at the LES. This problem is eliminated in the same manner as described above in the downlink direction.
  • the local data flow control is activated in the TAF and the frames transmitted by the IWF are monitored and processed.

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FI955944A (fi) 1997-06-12
NO973655D0 (no) 1997-08-08
CA2212435A1 (fr) 1997-06-19
FI955944A0 (fi) 1995-12-11
WO1997022196A1 (fr) 1997-06-19
AU1098697A (en) 1997-07-03
NO973655L (no) 1997-10-08
AU717658B2 (en) 2000-03-30
EP0808537A1 (fr) 1997-11-26
JPH11500890A (ja) 1999-01-19
CN1173955A (zh) 1998-02-18
KR19980702011A (ko) 1998-07-15

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