US6072257A - Dual excitation electrical machine, and especially motor vehicle alternator - Google Patents

Dual excitation electrical machine, and especially motor vehicle alternator Download PDF

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Publication number
US6072257A
US6072257A US09/236,252 US23625299A US6072257A US 6072257 A US6072257 A US 6072257A US 23625299 A US23625299 A US 23625299A US 6072257 A US6072257 A US 6072257A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rotor
electrical machine
excitation
flux
machine according
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Expired - Lifetime
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US09/236,252
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English (en)
Inventor
Dokou Antoine Akemakou
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Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
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Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
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Assigned to VALEO EQUIPEMENTS ELECTRIQUES MOTEUR reassignment VALEO EQUIPEMENTS ELECTRIQUES MOTEUR ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AKEMAKOU, DOKOU ANTOINE
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
    • H02K21/042—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation with permanent magnets and field winding both rotating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit

Definitions

  • This invention relates to rotating machines such as motor vehicle alternators.
  • the single-phase or multiphase generator constituting the conventional motor vehicle alternator generally has a stator within which rotates a rotor carrying an excitation coil.
  • the coil is connected to brushes in contact with two slip rings on a projecting part of the rotor shaft.
  • EP-A-0 707 374 discloses rotating machines in which, for improved efficiency, the rotor excitation field is produced by permanent magnets and by coils (the expression “mixed excitation” is generally used), and in which the current delivered by the armature is controlled by excitation coil switching means which selectively reverse the excitation direction to reduce or even substantially eliminate the flux from the magnets.
  • An object of the invention is to overcome the above drawbacks and to propose a machine, in particular a rotating machine such as an alternator, with mixed excitation and in which the output current can be regulated by varying unidirectional excitation by coils, and in particular by varying excitation by coils between an essentially zero value and a maximum value to deliver an essentially zero energy and a maximum energy, respectively.
  • Another object of the invention in a machine of the above kind, is to reduce the number of magnets required for a given number of rotor poles without leading to any imbalance between the level of excitation by magnets and the level of excitation by coils.
  • the invention proposes a flux commutating electrical machine including a stator and a rotor wherein the stator includes at least one armature coil housed in at least one pair of notches, the rotor includes means for selectively establishing closed magnetic circuits around sections of the armature coil(s) including at least one excitation permanent magnet adapted to establish a magnetic flux closing on itself in a circumferential direction of the rotor and at least one excitation coil adapted to establish a localized variable magnetic flux in an opposite circumferential direction to that of the flux produced by the magnets, the magnet or each magnet is housed in a first rotor part defining a first pair of rotor poles, the coil is or the coils are disposed around a second rotor part ends of which define a second pair of rotor poles and the rotor has between the adjacent first and second rotor parts third rotor parts forming with the first and second parts a circumferential magnetic conduction path.
  • the machine in accordance with the invention has the following preferred but non-limiting features:
  • the second rotor part or each second rotor part has two excitation coils adapted to create magnetic fluxes one of which is directed towards the interior of the rotor and the other of which is directed towards the exterior of the rotor.
  • the rotor has along its periphery an alternating series of first parts and second parts.
  • the second rotor part or each second rotor part is generally U-shape and receives an excitation coil on each of its two branches.
  • the third rotor parts are at a distance from the rotor poles and extend a radial distance significantly less than the radius of the rotor.
  • the first, second and third rotor parts are defined by a single core.
  • the rotor is formed by at least two separate yoke elements between respective pairs of magnets and joined together by the magnets.
  • the invention further proposes a machine as defined hereinabove constituting a motor vehicle alternator.
  • FIG. 1a is a diagrammatic developed view of a rotor and stator system of a rotating machine constituting a first embodiment of the invention in a state of non-excitation of the field coils.
  • FIG. 1b is a view similar to FIG. 1a in a state of excitation of the field coils.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view in cross-section of a rotor and stator system of a multiphase machine in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic developed view of a rotor and stator system of a rotating machine constituting a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view in cross-section of one embodiment of the core of the rotor from FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view in cross-section of one embodiment of the core of the rotor from FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b there is shown diagrammatically and in developed form part of a stator 1 and the corresponding part of a rotor 2 of a single-phase or multiphase electrical machine in accordance with the invention, such as an alternator.
  • the stator 1 has a core 12 defining a continuous annular structure with a plurality of notches 13 on its inside periphery receiving sections of armature coils 14 in a manner that in itself is entirely conventional.
  • the rotor 2 is defined by a succession of ferromagnetic material structures that are either separate or preferably in one piece.
  • the structures are shown as individual structures in FIGS. 1a and 1b to simplify the explanation and comprise a U-shape first structure 21 with two branches 211, 212 the free ends of which define two external projecting poles, the angular pitch of which is equal to that of the poles 15 of the stator in the case of a single-phase machine, and a base 213.
  • a respective excitation coil 215, 216 is wound around each of the two branches 211, 212, the coils being interconnected to generate two magnetic fluxes in opposite directions, as described in more detail hereinafter.
  • a plurality of equi-angularly spaced U-shape structures as described above is preferably provided.
  • the U-shape structures 21 Interleaved between the U-shape structures 21 are the same number of permanent magnet structures 22 each comprising a permanent magnet 225 trapped between two ferromagnetic members 221, 222 the faces of which that face towards the stator constitute poles, the poles of the U-shape structures 211 and those of the members 221, 222 being equi-angularly spaced around the outside periphery of the rotor.
  • the number of stator notches 13 is three times the number of rotor poles as defined hereinabove.
  • the structures 21 and 22 are interconnected by ferromagnetic material intermediate members 23 forming magnetic connectors and occupying a radial dimension of the stator (which corresponds to its height in FIGS. 1a and 1b) significantly less than the radial dimension of the structures 21 and 22.
  • the connecting members 23 preferably extend essentially the height of the bases 213 of the U-shaped members 21, leaving above them the space needed for the outer sections of the two excitation coils 215, 216.
  • the various components of the rotor can be provided in N sets disposed in successive groups, according to the required number of poles.
  • the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets 225 follows a closed circuit through the members 221, 222, the magnetic connectors 23 and the base part 213 of the U-shape members 21.
  • a first flux indicated by the arrow F2 flows in the branches 211, 212 and the base 213 of the U-shape member 21 and between two adjacent stator poles, in the anticlockwise direction as shown in FIG. 1b;
  • a second flux indicated by the arrow F3 flows clockwise via the left-hand branch 211 of the member 21, the magnetic connector part 23 and the member 222 adjacent the magnet 225, and also via the stator between two adjacent poles thereof;
  • a complementary homopolar magnetic flux F5 is produced by the magnet 225 and by the excitation coils 215, 216.
  • the amplitude of the rotor current at the level of the rotor coils 215, 216 directly determines a general excitation level of the machine, which varies as a monotonous function of said current.
  • FIG. 2 shows a rotor with eight poles, two diametrally opposed permanent magnets 225 and two pairs of excitation coils 215, 216.
  • the ferromagnetic members corresponding to those from FIGS. 1a and 1b are designated by the same reference symbols.
  • the part of the core 20 around a central bore 20a adapted to receive the rotor shaft defines the bases 213 of the U-shaped members 21 and the magnetic connectors 23 which have a small radial dimension between said bore and the bottom of the notches that receive the outer sections of the coils 215, 216.
  • FIG. 2 rotor is for a three-phase alternator
  • the stator has 24, preferably equi-angularly spaced, notches in which the three-phase coils of the stator are fitted.
  • FIG. 3 shows a rotor with 12 poles, three magnets 225 equi-angularly spaced at 120° and three pairs of excitation coils 215, 216.
  • a stator with 36, preferably equi-angularly spaced, notches is provided for a three-phase machine.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the core 20 of the rotor is made as two sectors 20a, 20b designed to extend between the two magnets 225 and joined to them at assembly time in order to form a continuous cylindrical structure.
  • FIG. 5 there are three sectors 20a, 20b and 20c joined together with three magnets to form the rotor.
  • This separation of the rotor into N sectors is advantageous in that it facilitates manufacture of the coils, the various sectors being easier to wind separately than a single cylindrical core.
  • any combination of magnet structures and coil structures can be provided in the rotor, for example two coil structures or more between each pair of magnet structures, or two magnet structures or more between each pair of coil structures.
  • the coils and magnets are designed so that the maximum flux of the coils can block most of the circumferential flux generated by the magnets in the absence of any excitation current.
  • Each coil structure can include only one judiciously disposed coil.
  • Each magnet structure can have two or more magnets, the fluxes from which combine to obtain the required effect of a circumferential flux in the rotor in the absence of any excitation by the coils.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
US09/236,252 1998-01-26 1999-01-25 Dual excitation electrical machine, and especially motor vehicle alternator Expired - Lifetime US6072257A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9800780A FR2774228B1 (fr) 1998-01-26 1998-01-26 Machine electrique a double excitation, et notamment alternateur de vehicule automobile
FR9800780 1998-01-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US6072257A true US6072257A (en) 2000-06-06

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US09/236,252 Expired - Lifetime US6072257A (en) 1998-01-26 1999-01-25 Dual excitation electrical machine, and especially motor vehicle alternator

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6072257A (pt)
EP (1) EP0932245B1 (pt)
JP (1) JP4173936B2 (pt)
CN (1) CN1089964C (pt)
BR (1) BR9900125B1 (pt)
DE (1) DE69933250T2 (pt)
ES (1) ES2274607T3 (pt)
FR (1) FR2774228B1 (pt)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6271613B1 (en) * 1998-06-25 2001-08-07 Valeo Equipment Electriques Moteur Rotating machine, such as motor vehicle alternator
US6548931B2 (en) 2000-05-09 2003-04-15 Ballard Power Systems Corporation Hybrid permanent magnet/synchronous machines
US6750628B2 (en) 2001-12-03 2004-06-15 Electric Boat Corporation Flux shunt wave shape control arrangement for permanent magnet machines
US6833640B2 (en) 2000-12-07 2004-12-21 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Method and apparatus to tune rotor's torsional natural frequency by geometry of rotor winding slot
US6969937B1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2005-11-29 Siemens Aktiengellschaft Multiple, permanent-magnet rotor for a rotating electrical machine, and a method for producing same
US20060119206A1 (en) * 2002-08-14 2006-06-08 Akemakou Antoine D Double-excitation rotating electrical machine for adjustable defluxing
US20080169717A1 (en) * 2005-03-09 2008-07-17 Nissan Motor Co.,Ltd. Motor
US20100207480A1 (en) * 2007-06-04 2010-08-19 Kurt Reutlinger Electric machine comprising a rotor with hybrid excitation
US20110227442A1 (en) * 2008-08-27 2011-09-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric machine
US20140354103A1 (en) * 2013-05-28 2014-12-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Motor
US20150054372A1 (en) * 2013-08-23 2015-02-26 Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute Electric machine having asymmetric magnetic pole shape for torque ripple reduction
US20160204722A1 (en) * 2014-03-25 2016-07-14 Purdue Research Foundation Hybrid surface magnet machine
US20180262091A1 (en) * 2017-03-13 2018-09-13 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Permanent magnet starter-generator with magnetic flux regulation
CN111064337A (zh) * 2018-10-17 2020-04-24 张峻荣 一种直流电机
TWI696333B (zh) * 2018-10-17 2020-06-11 張峻榮 一種直流電機

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2775849B1 (fr) * 1998-03-09 2004-10-01 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Machine electrique a double excitation, et notamment alternateur de vehicule automobile
FR2963505B1 (fr) 2010-07-29 2012-08-31 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Machine electrique tournante synchrone avec rotor a double excitation
FR2963501B1 (fr) 2010-07-29 2012-08-31 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Machine electrique tournante synchrone avec rotor a double excitation
FR2963504A1 (fr) * 2010-07-29 2012-02-03 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Machine electrique tournante synchrone avec rotor a double excitation
CN103069700B (zh) 2010-07-29 2016-08-03 法雷奥电机设备公司 具有双励磁转子的同步旋转电机
CN114465383B (zh) * 2022-02-23 2023-10-10 山东理工大学 一种通过旋转永磁体调节磁极数量的转子

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US4745312A (en) * 1986-01-09 1988-05-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki Seisakusho Stepping motor
US4978878A (en) * 1988-06-27 1990-12-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric multipolar machine
EP0394528B1 (de) * 1989-04-27 1993-01-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Synchronmaschine
JPH05304752A (ja) * 1992-04-23 1993-11-16 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 電気自動車駆動用交流電動機
EP0707374A1 (fr) * 1994-10-10 1996-04-17 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) Actionneurs hybrides monophasés à commutation de flux
WO1996030992A1 (en) * 1995-03-31 1996-10-03 Ecoair Corp. Hybrid alternator
US5663605A (en) * 1995-05-03 1997-09-02 Ford Motor Company Rotating electrical machine with electromagnetic and permanent magnet excitation
US5747909A (en) * 1996-03-14 1998-05-05 Ecoair Corp. Hybrid alternator
US5753989A (en) * 1993-06-14 1998-05-19 Ecoair Corp. Hybrid alternator
US5825116A (en) * 1995-11-02 1998-10-20 Denso Corporation AC generator for vehicle having combined structure of field coil and permanent magnet
US5864198A (en) * 1994-10-14 1999-01-26 Active Power, Inc. Brushless generator

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1173495A1 (ru) * 1983-07-26 1985-08-15 Уфимский Ордена Ленина Авиационный Институт Им.Серго Орджоникидзе Синхронна регулируема магнитоэлектрическа машина
DE4139843C2 (de) * 1991-12-03 1998-12-24 Albert Mutter Elektrische Maschine und deren Anwendung zum Fahrzeugbetrieb

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US4745312A (en) * 1986-01-09 1988-05-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki Seisakusho Stepping motor
US4978878A (en) * 1988-06-27 1990-12-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric multipolar machine
EP0394528B1 (de) * 1989-04-27 1993-01-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Synchronmaschine
JPH05304752A (ja) * 1992-04-23 1993-11-16 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 電気自動車駆動用交流電動機
US5753989A (en) * 1993-06-14 1998-05-19 Ecoair Corp. Hybrid alternator
EP0707374A1 (fr) * 1994-10-10 1996-04-17 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) Actionneurs hybrides monophasés à commutation de flux
US5864198A (en) * 1994-10-14 1999-01-26 Active Power, Inc. Brushless generator
WO1996030992A1 (en) * 1995-03-31 1996-10-03 Ecoair Corp. Hybrid alternator
US5663605A (en) * 1995-05-03 1997-09-02 Ford Motor Company Rotating electrical machine with electromagnetic and permanent magnet excitation
US5825116A (en) * 1995-11-02 1998-10-20 Denso Corporation AC generator for vehicle having combined structure of field coil and permanent magnet
US5747909A (en) * 1996-03-14 1998-05-05 Ecoair Corp. Hybrid alternator

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Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 018, No. 109 (E-1513), Feb. 22, 1994 & JP 05 304752 A (Fuji Electric Co Ltd), Nov. 16, 1993.

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6271613B1 (en) * 1998-06-25 2001-08-07 Valeo Equipment Electriques Moteur Rotating machine, such as motor vehicle alternator
US6969937B1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2005-11-29 Siemens Aktiengellschaft Multiple, permanent-magnet rotor for a rotating electrical machine, and a method for producing same
US6548931B2 (en) 2000-05-09 2003-04-15 Ballard Power Systems Corporation Hybrid permanent magnet/synchronous machines
US6833640B2 (en) 2000-12-07 2004-12-21 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Method and apparatus to tune rotor's torsional natural frequency by geometry of rotor winding slot
US6750628B2 (en) 2001-12-03 2004-06-15 Electric Boat Corporation Flux shunt wave shape control arrangement for permanent magnet machines
US7701104B2 (en) * 2002-08-14 2010-04-20 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Double-excitation rotating electrical machine for adjustable defluxing
US20060119206A1 (en) * 2002-08-14 2006-06-08 Akemakou Antoine D Double-excitation rotating electrical machine for adjustable defluxing
US20080169717A1 (en) * 2005-03-09 2008-07-17 Nissan Motor Co.,Ltd. Motor
US8198774B2 (en) * 2005-03-09 2012-06-12 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Permanent magnet motor
US20100207480A1 (en) * 2007-06-04 2010-08-19 Kurt Reutlinger Electric machine comprising a rotor with hybrid excitation
US8922086B2 (en) * 2007-06-04 2014-12-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric machine having a hybrid-excited rotor
US20110227442A1 (en) * 2008-08-27 2011-09-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric machine
US8729766B2 (en) * 2008-08-27 2014-05-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric machine
US9601949B2 (en) 2008-08-27 2017-03-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric machine
US20140354103A1 (en) * 2013-05-28 2014-12-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Motor
US20150054372A1 (en) * 2013-08-23 2015-02-26 Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute Electric machine having asymmetric magnetic pole shape for torque ripple reduction
US10256683B2 (en) * 2013-08-23 2019-04-09 Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute Electric machine having asymmetric magnetic pole shape for torque ripple reduction
US20160204722A1 (en) * 2014-03-25 2016-07-14 Purdue Research Foundation Hybrid surface magnet machine
US9780715B2 (en) * 2014-03-25 2017-10-03 Purdue Research Foundation Hybrid surface magnet machine
US10003291B2 (en) * 2014-03-25 2018-06-19 Purdue Research Foundation Hybrid surface magnet machine
US10305408B2 (en) * 2014-03-25 2019-05-28 Purdue Research Foundation Hybrid surface magnet machine
US10581307B1 (en) * 2014-03-25 2020-03-03 Purdue Research Foundation Hybrid surface magnet machine
US20180262091A1 (en) * 2017-03-13 2018-09-13 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Permanent magnet starter-generator with magnetic flux regulation
CN111064337A (zh) * 2018-10-17 2020-04-24 张峻荣 一种直流电机
TWI696333B (zh) * 2018-10-17 2020-06-11 張峻榮 一種直流電機

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0932245B1 (fr) 2006-09-20
JP4173936B2 (ja) 2008-10-29
ES2274607T3 (es) 2007-05-16
BR9900125B1 (pt) 2011-05-31
FR2774228B1 (fr) 2000-04-14
DE69933250T2 (de) 2007-09-13
EP0932245A1 (fr) 1999-07-28
BR9900125A (pt) 2000-01-18
FR2774228A1 (fr) 1999-07-30
CN1089964C (zh) 2002-08-28
CN1224945A (zh) 1999-08-04
DE69933250D1 (de) 2006-11-02
JPH11262229A (ja) 1999-09-24

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