US602928A - Press - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

V. D. ANDERSON.

PRESS.

No. 602,928. Patented Apr.'26, 1898.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

V. D. ANDERSON.

PRESS.

No. 602,928.. PatentedApr. 26, M398.

(Nn Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3A V. D. ANDERSON.

PRESS.

No. 602,928. Patented Apr. 26,1898.

.7lf l).

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-sheet 4Q V. D. ANDERSON.

PRESS.

No. 602,928. PatentedA 1". 26 1 898.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 5. l V. D. Al\TDERSOl\T.

PRESS.

Patented Apr. 26, 1898.

UNrrnn STATES PATENT rrrcn.

VALERIUS D. ANDERSON, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

PRESS.

SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 602,928, dated April 26, 1898.

Application filed July 17, 189B. Serial No. 599,538. (No model.)

T0 all wil/0m t may concern:

Be it known that I, VALnniUs D. ANDER- SON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful lm provements in- Presses, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to presses for extracting moisture, grease, doc., from garbage and for like Work requiring very ieavy or powerful pressure, and is in the nature of an improvenient upon that set forth in Letters Patent of the United States granted to me May 17, 1892, No. 74,802.

Amon g other novel features of construction may be mentioned an arrangement ol' the chain belt within instead of outside the main drum, the division of said belt into a plurality of parallel chains, the positive driving of said chain or of one of its sections, the introduction of a crushing gage-roller, and the combination therewith of a throw-out device to stop the press in the event of a solid substance of undue size passing the gage-roller. These and other features of invention will be duly pointed out and claimed.

Figure l is a side elevation of a press constructed in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2, a vertical sectional view of the same in a plane parallel with its side faces; Fig. 3, a vertical section in a plane at right angles to the side faces of the press; Fig. di, a section on the line :t a; of Fig. l; Fig. 5, a view illustrating the automatic beltshifter, and Fig. 6 a detail view.

It has long been desired to produce a press or apparatus whereby a very large percentage of moisture, oil, grease, duc. should be quickly removed or separated from solid matters with .which they might be associated; but it is well known to builders of this general class of machinery that under the best conditions obtainable the percentage remaining after pressure has been quite large. As a result of very large experience in the manufacture of machinery for handling` garbage, offal from slaughter houses, brewers and distillers grains, and the like l have learned that the pressure must be concentrated upon a small surface at a time, that this must be repeated a reasonable number of times, that the pressure should increase with each repetition, and that the pressing devices should be set progressively closer to compensate for reduction in bulk of the matter treated. In my patent above mentioned these features were present in part; but the press was unduly large in proportion to its capacity, and it was incapable of giving the high efficiency which l am enabled to attain by the improved construction about to be explained.

A indicates a main frame which is preferably cast in one piece and of circular form, though it may be built up ot' separate parts, if desired. This frame supports a series of roller-housings and pressure devices, and to the end that these and other parts may be readily applied to and adjusted about the frame it is cast with two circumferential grooves d d of T-form in cross-section, the narrower portion of the groove outward. At suitable intervals these grooves are made of full width to their outer edges, as shown in Fig. 6, in order that bolts l) may have their heads inserted through such widened portions and then moved around to any desired point in the grooves, while their stems or Shanks project through the narrower portion of the grooves and beyond the frame.

B B indicate feet or standards upon which the frame A is supported and l[he upper flanged ends of which are made fast to the frame by a number of the bolts Zi, passing through said flanges and provided with nuts, as seen in Fig. 1.

C indicates a drum, ring, or circular hoop, against the inner face of which the pressing is done. This ring is made concentric with and is mounted within the frame A, sufficient clearance being left to preclude binding under any conditions that may obtain in working.

To support the ring, maintain it in position, and reduce to a minimum the friction to be overcome in rotating it, I provide a series of rollers D, which are carried in boxes or bearings c, movable radially in seats formed in frame A and pressed and held inward by adjusting-screws d, provided with clamping or lock nuts c, as seen in Figs. l, 3, and 4.

IOO

To prevent lateral displacement of the ring, hoop, or drum C, it is formed with circumferential flanges f, which extend past the ends of the rollers D, as seen in Figs. 3 and 4.

The rollers D are of the form shown in said Figs. 3 and i--that is to say, they are of plain cylindrical form at their ends-to bear against a like portion of the drum or ring C and are provided with gear-teeth g at an intermediate point to mesh with teeth 71 formed in the circumferential face of the ring or drum. The teeth will be sufficiently short to preclude any pressure or bearing upon their ends, the pressure in this direction being taken entirely upon the plain cylindical end portions of the rolls. By this arrangement I am enabled to give motion from one of the rolls to the ring and from the ring to all the other rolls, thus precluding any slip or sliding of the ring upon the rolls, which would be apt to result in cutting or undue wear.

E indicates a driving-shaft provided with a band-wheel F and with a pinion G, which meshes with a gear-wheel H, carried by a shaft I, and this shaft in turn carries a pinion J, which meshes wi th a gear-wheel K on the shaft of one of the rollers D, thus rotating said roll and giving motion to the ring or drum C. Obviously other suitable gearing may be employed, but that shown is what I have thus far used in practice.

Within the ring or drum C, I arrange a se ries of rollers L, designed to support and carry a chain belt M, between which and the inner surface of the ring or drum the pressing is effected. Each roller L is carried in half boxes or blocks t', held in the open yokes of threaded draw-rods N, Figs. l and 3, the rods passing radially outward through tubular bosses or ears j, formed at the ends of heavy castings or crossplates O, secured to the annular frame A by bolts Z) in the same manner as the legs B. The rods N are screw-threaded, and at some distance beyond or outside of the cross-plates O they pass through ears of similar cross-plates P, and are provided with nuts 7c, as shown. Between the cross-plates O and P of each pair are interposed heavy spiral springs Q, Fig. l, which, pressing outward upon the plates P, tend to carry outward the rods N and to cause the rolls L to press against chain belt M. The compression and consequent force or pressure of the springs Q is determined by adjustment of the nuts 7a, and the outward movement of the rods and the consequent adjustment of the rolls L is determined by stop-nuts Z, screwed upon the rods before they are passed through the crossplates O l?, and adjusted from time to time, as required. i

The boxes or blocks 1l move between suitable guides, as shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3, and are thus kept in proper position.

R indicates a feed-hopper carried by the frame A and containing a worm or screw S. (Shown by dotted lines in Fig. 4L.) The body of the hopper stands outside of frame A,but its delivery end is arranged within the frame and just above a gage-roller T. This roller is preferably made somewhat concave and is designed to crush such solid matters as may be introduced into the machine in pieces too large to be safely introduced between the belt and the drum. In order that it may perform this work and yet not break or strain the machine in the event of substances entering which are too hard to be crushed, its boxes t' fi are each provided with two rods N to withstand heavy strains, and its springs Q are made heavier or more numerous than those of the initial pressing-rolls L. In other re` spects the manner of mounting and adjusting the roll T is the same as above explained in connection with rolls L, and the last of these are preferably provided with the double rods and heavy springs, since they are required to give heavier pressure than the first rolls of the series.

The roller T may be outside the belt M, as shown, or within the belt, though it is deemed better to place it outside.

Motion is imparted to the roller T by a gearwheel fm, keyed to its shaft and meshing with a pinion n, keyed to the shaft of one of the outside ring-supporting rolls D. The teeth of these wheels are sufficiently deep to permit all necessary play of the roller T without unmeshing.

Mfotion is imparted to the feed-screw or worm S by a belt passing about a pulley on its shaft or in any other convenient way.

The rollers L may be arranged in any desred relation to the ring or drum C, so as to cause the pressing to be done on the upper, lower, ascending, or descending side of the ring, as preferred. In the drawings the rolls are shown arranged in a semicircular series, beginning at the lower and extending to the upper side of the ring, the belt returning from one end of the series to the other in a nearly diametric line. This arrangement is deemed advantageous generally, but is not essential.

Under the arrangement thus set forth the material to be treated is delivered into hopper R and thence by screw S to the roller T and ring C, between which it is carried by their rotation. Coarse solid matters are crushed by the roller, and the mass, thus prepared, passes on to the meeting-point of belt M and ring C, passing between them and being there subjected to repeated and increasing pressure as the chain passes the rolls L in succession. By this mode of alternate pressing and relieving from pressure I am enabled to remove a far greater percentage of the moisture, grease, and like matters than I have been able to do under any other plan, the temporary relief from pressure permitting the particles composing the mass to rearrange themselves in a measure and also to open sufficiently to release or afford an escape for TOO the fluid particles mechanically bound in the interior of the mass.

The ring C may be perforated or its flanges o, which extend inward past the ends of the rolls, may be formed with outlets for escape of the released fluids, grease, dac.; but the bulk of such matters will escape through the openings in and between the members of belt M.

Heretofore it has been customary to make the belt M with links or lags as Wide as the entire belt; or, in other Words, it has been a single-chain belt with wide links or lags. Such construction is objectionable in that it does not afford free or adequate escape for the tluids or matters expressed. I obviate this difficulty by constructing the belt of a series of parallel but independent chains with relatively narrow links. In the drawings I have represented four such chains constituting the belt M, and this number has been found quite satisfactory in presses thus far constructed. I do not, however, restrict myself to any specific number, but propose tov use any number from two upward, or a singlechain belt may be used with other features here set forth. The compound belt is deemed best, however, not only for this, but for all presses of this general character using belts.

Owing to the greasy character of the matters handled or extracted it has been found that the belt is liable to slip or slide upon the rollers L without turning them. When this happens, the rolls are apt to be out or to grind llat in spots, and it is impracticable thereafter to cause them to rotate, at least with certainty or regularity. To meet this difficulty, the rolls L are provided with seats or cavities p to receive teeth or projections q, formed upon thelinks of chain or belt M, so that if the chain or belt moves at all the several rollers must turn forward at a like surface speed.

When the belt is composed of a plurality of4 chains, it will be suficient toprovide one of them with teeth or projections. Obviously the teeth may be formed upon the rollers and the seats or cavities in the links, though I prefer the construeiionshown.

After the material has traversed the full length of the series of rolls L it is left adhering mainly to the inner surface of ring 0,' though a small portion will adhere also to the belt M. To remove the material from the ring, I provide a scraper U, which is carried by a rock-shaft fr, mounted in suitable hangers or supports and furnished with a slotted sector-plate s, through which passes a clamping-bolt t. The shaft is so set as to bring the edge of the scraper close to the inner face of the ring and is there clamped and retained until by reason of wear or vfrom other cause it becomes necessary to reset it.

V indicates a brush, the shaft a of which passes through sleeves or boxes o, movable in slots in a hanger or support W, secured to the frame, the boxes being in the form of large tubular bolts, which can be clamped at any point in the length of the slots. The brush V is arranged to sweep the outer face of the chain belt M as the belt passes from the upper roll to the lower roll L, and in order that it may do this effectively and that the belt may not fall away from it a sustaining-roller X is mounted in adjustable bearings like those of brush V and is arranged on the opposite side of the belt, as seen in Figs. l and 2.

Y indicates a trough or hopper having its supporting-arms extended through slots in the hanger or support W, which carries the brush and roll X. Itis adjusted to proper position to receive the material detached by scraper U and by brush V and is furnished with a worm or screw w, by which the material is carried from the hopper or trough into any convenient receptacle or delivered upon the ground or door.

The hanger or support W is made vertically adjustable in any convenient way, a threaded stem with nuts being shown at one end and a slotted arm and clamping-bolt at the other end in Fig. l.

Motion is given to the brush V and to the worm or screw w by crossed and open belts from band-wheels on the driving-shaft E or in any equivalent way.

As a means of avoiding breakage of the machinery, I may in some cases provide automatic mechanism for throwing off the driving-belt in the event of substances entering the machine too large to pass beneath and IOO too hard to be crushed by the roller T. Such a mechanism is illustrated in Fig. 5, where the roller T is represented as carried by the short arms of elbow-levers Z, the long arms of which are acted upon by the springs Q through the medium of threaded rods tr, provided with hand-wheels ly. Rising from one of the levers Z is an arm e, provided with a stud or pin, which as the lever rises acts upon a belt-shipping lever or device of any convenient sort and through it shifts the belt from a fast to a loose pulley, as will be readily understood upon reference to Fig. 5. This arrangement leaves the shipping-lever free to be manually operated whenever desired.

No claim is made to the belt-shifter proper, but only to a combination of parts whereby the belt is shifted when the roller T is moved beyond a given or predetermined limit.

The finishing-rollers of the series of rollers L are advisedly made of larger diameter than the initial rollers of the series in order that they may be freely turned by and with the belt M, notwithstanding the greater pressure upon them.

In the practical use of presses of this class itis sometimes desirable to embody a beltof fibrous or woven material between the chain IIO and the drum, and this is contemplated iny the present instance. Such a belt is indicated in Fig. 2 by dotted line.

I am well aware that it has been proposed to employ a single roller or a series of rollers. within a drum for the purpose of crushing, grinding, or pressing materials contained within the drum, and I make no claim broadly thereto. Where such rollers are used within a hollow drum or cylinder, a wedge-shaped space is formed at the receiving side of the roll, between its circumference and the inner surface of the drum, and experience has demonstrated that owing to this formation and to the accumulation of material within this wedge-shaped space one of two results is inevitably produced-either the roll slips upon and fails to draw in the material `or the material wedges so firmly into the space as to preclude the rotation of the roll. This fact has been' demonstrated in many instances after the expenditure of large sums of money.

By the employment of the endless chain belt a pressing-space of practically uniform width or depth may be formed, the belt constituting one wall of the said space and serving to confine and keepin shape the material under treatment and preventing its escape or disarrangement in passing from one roll to another. lNhere thelinks of the belt or chain are made appreciably shorter than the space from roll to roll and the chain is placed within the drum instead of on the outside thereof, the chain or belt is enabled to yield slightly land to relieve the pressure upon the material .within the drum; and an endless flexible belt or chain, passing between the rollers and the ring ordrum, substantially as described and shown.

2. In combination with a ring or drum, an endless flexible belt or chain within the drum; and pressure devices within the belt or chain, serving to press the same toward the inner surface of the ring or drum.

3. In combination with a rotatable ring or drum, a series of pressure-rollers Within the drum; and a flexible belt or chain arranged to travel between the drum and the rollers, substantially as described and shown.

4. Apress, consisting of an external frame; aring or drum within said frame; supportingrollers for said ring; an endless flexible belt or chain within the ring; a series of pressurerollers within said belt or chain; pressure devices adapted to hold the rollers against the belt with a yielding pressure; and means for imparting motion to the ring, the belt, and the rollers.

5. In a press, an annular frame A provided with undercut circumferential grooves d to receive and permit adjustment of bolts; and bolts b having their heads seated in said grooves, substantially as set forth.

6. In a press, a chain belt composed of a plurality of independent chains arranged side by side and in close proximity to one another, substantially as set forth.

7. In combination with an outer ring or drum, and with inner supporting or pressing rollers; an intermediate-chain belt, the belt and rollers being adapted to mesh or interlock substantially as and for the purpose explained.

8. In combination with ring or drum (l, internal rollers L and interposed belt M, a crushing-roll arranged to act upon the material fed to the press, before it passes between the belt and ring, to prepare it for their action.

9. In combination with a press comprising a rotatable ring, a series of rollers within the ring, and an endless flexible belt between the ring and rollers; a preliminary crushing or gage roller; yielding supports for said roller; and a belt-shifting lever or device arranged in proximity to the yielding roll-supports and serving to shift the belt whenever the gageroller is moved a predetermined distance by the passage beneath it of unyielding substances.

10. In a press, the combination of aframe, a ring rotatable therein; an endless ilexible belt Within the ring; pressure-rollers within the belt; a feed trough or hopper; and a worm or screw serving to deliver material from the trough or hopper to the pressing mechanism.

1l. In combination with ring C, rolls L located within said ring; intermediate belt M; a rotary brush V bearing against one face of said belt; and a supporting-roll X bearing against the opposite face of said belt.

l2. Inl combination with ring C; rolls L within said ring; belt M between the ring and rolls; scraper U bearing against the interior of the ring; brush V in contact with belt M; and hopper Y, provided with a worm or screw, and located within the ring, substantially as described and shown.

13. In combination with ring C; belt M within said ring; rollers L within the belt; hanger W; and scraper U, brush V, and roll X all adj ustably mounted in said hanger and located within the ring. p

14. In combination with a press substantially such as described and shown; hangers or supports W provided with slots; boxes movable in said slots and provided with clamping-nuts; and cleaning devices carried in said boxes; all substantially as described and shown.

15. In a press, the combination of an outer lOO Woven material interposed between the drum ro and belt, substantially as set forth.

In Witness whereof I hereunto set my hand in the presence of two Witnesses.

VALERIUS D. ANDERSON.

Witnesses:

WM. H. DEWITT, F. E. STEVENS.

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