US1268619A

US1268619A - Grating, defibrating, or pulping machine.

Info

Publication number: US1268619A
Application number: US22460718A
Authority: US
Inventors: Herbert Kempson Reeves
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1918-03-25
Filing date: 1918-03-25
Publication date: 1918-06-04
Anticipated expiration: 1935-06-04

Description

H. K. REEVES. GRATING, DEFIBRATING, 0R PULPING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 25. I918.

Patented June 4, 1918.

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H. K. REEVES.

GRATING, DEFIBRATING, 0R PULPING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 25. ms.

1,268, 19; Patented June 4,1918.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

H. K. REEVES.

GRATING,DEFIBRATI!1G,0H PULPING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 25, 191B.

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RATING, DEFIBRATINIG, 0R PULPING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 25, I918.

1,268,} 9, Patented June 4, 1918 5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Weave:

H. K. REEVES.

GRATING, DEFIBRATlNG, OR PULPING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 25. I918.

Patented June 4, 1918.

5 SHEETSSHEET 5.

HERBERT KEMPSON REEVES, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

GRATIN G, DEFIBRATING, OR PULPIN G MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

- Patented June 4, 1918.

Application filed March 25, 1918. Serial No. 224,607.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HERBERT KEMPSON REEvEs, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at London, England, have invented new and useful Improvements Relating to Grating, Defibrating, or Pulping Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to machinery for grating, defibrating, pulping or breaking up, the flesh of the cocoanut or other oil bearing nuts.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved machine for this purpose which shall efliciently perform the preliminary operation of grating, defibrating, pulping or breaking up the cellular structure of the material under treatment to the end of enabling the maximum quantity of oil contained therein to be extracted by appropriate after treatment which latter however forms no part of the present invention.

With this'end in view my invention in its broadest aspect is embodied in a structure for the purpose specified in which the material to be treated is grated, defibrated, pulped or broken up by the combination of a rotary grating element and a reciprocating grating element cooperating therewith.

More specifically regarded the invention consists in the combination with a rotary cylindrical grating drum of a grater plate cooperating therewith and means for reciprocating said grater plate during the grating, defibrating, pulping or breaking-up operation.

It is to be understood that by the words grating, defibrating, pulping and breaking up I intend to designate the operation or series of operations whereby the material is reduced to such a finely divided condition that the cellular structure of the material is torn and ruptured so that by appropriate after treatment the maximum yield of oil or fat may be obtained therefrom. I am of course aware that it has been proposed in the treatment of fiber-bearing leaves, stalks or other vegetable matter either in a green or dry state to pass the fibers or the like through a machine consisting of a concave or bed and a cylinder both of which have roughened, grooved or ridged surfaces, the cylinder having a reciprocating motion either in a rotary or longitudinal direction and also having a progressive rotary motion. It has also been proposed in the dressing and grinding of grain or like produce to provide rotary grinding rolls and grinding plates which latter are moved to and fro in a direction parallel to the axes of the grinding rolls, but such machines involve a grinding action which is distinct from that of grating.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried out I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation of an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a corresponding plan.

Fig. 3 is a view of the left hand end of Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 a view of the right hand end.

thereof.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section taken approximately along the line 5-5 in Fig. 3 showing the grating drum and the grating plate in position in the casing.

Fig. 6 is a transverse section also to a larger scale taken along the line 66 in Fig. 1 the rotating grating drum and the reciprocating grater plate being shown in relation to each other.

Fig. 7 is an end view of the rotary grating drum detached showing the grating surfaces or plates thereon and a method of applying the same.

Fig. 8 is an end view of the reciprocating grating plate detached with the pull rods in position therein.

According to the embodiment of the invention illustrated, the machine comprises a casing 1 provided with a feeding aperture 2 which may have a hopper device (not shown) applied thereto. The mouth of the casing is provided with a spray or sprinkler which may be constituted by a perforated pipe 3; the object being to supply moisture to the material as it is fed into the machine and facilitate the treatment thereof. The pipe 3 may be fitted as shown in the feeding aperture or mouth 2 of the casing 1 or be arranged in the hopper when same is applied to the said mouth. Within the casing a cylindrical drum 4 is mounted so as to rotate therein, the said drum being provided with an abrasive or grating surface 5. This latter in the arrangement illustrated is shown as consisting of a perforated plate secured to the peripheral surface of the drum by means of screws at 6. The perforations in roughened or grating surface. To this end the-plate is pierced with jagged holes as will be readily understood.

Adjacent to the aforesaid drum and mounted relatively thereto in the casing so as to reciprocate longitudinally or in the" direction of the axial line thereof is the grater plate 7 having an abrasive or grating surface 8 similar in character to that pertaining to the drum 4. The plate 7 is of curved form the curve following approximately the curved contour of the drum from which it is suitably spaced so as to admit of the passage of thematerial as the latter is grated, defibratedpulpedor broken by the combined action thereon of the rotating drum and reciprocating grater plate.

The drum 4 is keyed :or secured to a shaft 9 which is carried in

bearings

10, 11. The bearings 11 are mounted in the end walls of the casing 1 and the shaft 9 is actuated rotatively by means of the pulley 12 fast thereon. The pulley 13 is a loose pulley the drivingbelt (not shown) being caused to engage the one pulley or the other as occasion requires by operating the striking. gear whereof the fork 14 effects the movement of the belt to or from the respective pulleys by movi-ngthe bar 15 by means of the handle.

16. The bar 15 carrying. the fork 14 is capable ofsliding in the guides 17 17 and is retained in the desired positions by the retaining pegor pin 18 which is carried by the chain 19 and adaptedto pass through

holes

20 and 21 in the outer oneof the guides 17 and the bar 15 respectively andinto a hole formed in the standard 22. Thus the rotation of the drum is effected by a driving belt conveying motion from any suitable. This rotary motion of the drumsource. shaft 9 is utilized inaffording a reciprocatory motion to the grater plate 7 through the medium of a cam 23 arranged so as to give the desired. number of throws. In the arrangement illustrated the camis adapted to move or pull the plate 7 once to each revolution of the shaft 9 so that the plate moves;longitudinally in respect of the drum once in each revolution of the latter. The arrangement may however be such that the plate is moved more frequently. The plate 7 is formed Withmachinedor trued working strips 24 on its rear side, the said strips taking a bearing on correspondingly formed strips or surfaces 25 provided in the interior of the casing 1. The upper and lower sides of the plate 7 are formed or provided with lugs 01' bosses 26 through which the pull rods 27 pass. These latter are housed in bushings 28 carried in the end plates of the casingand are secured in the saddle or of pins or studs 30 whereon the rollers 31 are mounted; the rollers engaging in the cam groove 32 and serving to transmit motion to the sector piece 29 andthence to the pull rods 27 on which the plate 7 is carried in such a manner as to move therewith. The drawin shows the plate as being. 'se'cured'to the pull rods. by means of pins passed through holes in the lugs or bosses 26 and into corresponding holes formed in the rods 27. In order to prevent the material from gaining access behind the'plate7 and interfering. with the proper working of the apaaratusor becomin rancid b not bein removed therefrom a shield or guiding. plate 33is arranged to intercept the material on its passage to the surface of the grating drum 4 the said shield 33 being securedto the casing as at 34 and taking a: bearing. on

the bosses 26 atits free end. Thus the material is caused to fall directly on the drum 4 and is subjected to the action ofthe' sprinkler-3 in its passage.

The drum 4 is showed secured to the shaft 9 so as to rotate therewith by taper pins 35 and the setting of the drum relatively to the grater" plate 7 is effected by mounting the. shaft 9 in bearings capable of lateral act-- j ustment. Thus the bearing 10 is formed as to its botto1n=bearing with elongated holes 36 for the fixing bolts 37 and a toe piece 38 against which the set screw 39 is arranged to bear the said screw working in the upwardly projecting portion 40 of the casing 1. 'By slackening the bolts 37 and suitably manipulatingthe set screw 39 the bearing may be given the desired adjustment- At freed orcleared of any adhering or clinging material by means of appropriate scrapers or rotating brushesadapted toefiect there:

moval-fromthe said surface of the adhered material. In the construction illustrated a scraper 1s showncomprisi-ng a plate having its operating edge formed or provided with teeth or tines 44. These in the present form are constituted by slittingthe metal of the plate. elongatedopenings 45 for the passage of the securing bolts 46 so as to' afford a' degree: of adjustment in settin'g the scraper relatively to the surfacefi of the drum 4 the scraperbeing clamped between holding plates 47 and securely bolted to the faces of the cas ing prepared for its reception.

With the object of insuring cleanliness in;-

The scraper is provided with working, facilitating thecleaning of the machine and preventing rancid material accumulating between the plate constituting the grating or abrasive surface and the surface of the drum to which the same is applied the aforesaid jagged holes or perforations may be stopped With a suitable substance or ma terial which may be applied at the back or non-abrasive face of the plate in any convenient manner and be arranged to occupy either the whole or partial depth of the holes.

In fitting the grater plate it must be borne in mind that the bearing strips and surfaces should be truly formed so as to insure the smooth working of the plate.

By means of the improved machine the material subjected to treatment therein is operated upon much more perfectly and offectively than has heretofore been possible in machines previously designed for the object in view, the subsequent extraction of useful material being greatly facilitated and the resulting products considerably enhanced in vahie and quality.

I claim- 1. In a machine for grating, defibrating, pulping and breaking-up the cellular tissues of cocoanut or other oil-bearing nuts the combination of a cylindrical grating drum, a grating plate adapted to cooperate therewith, an inclosing casing, prepared working faces on the rear surface of the said grating plate, correspondingly prepared Working faces on the inclosing casing againstavhic the prepared faces on the said plate are adapted to bear, means for imparting a rotary motion to the aforesaid drum, a cam associated with the said rotary means, pull rods arranged in the grating plate, a sad (lle or sector piece straddling said rods and rollers on said saddle or sector piece for engaging the cam and imparting a reciprocatory motion to the grating plate during the grating, defibrating, pulping or'breakingup operation.

2. In a machine for grating, defibrating, pulping and breaking-up the cellular tissues of cocoanut or other oil-bearing nuts the combination of a cylindrical grating drum, a grating plate adapted to operate therewith an inclosing casing, prepared working faces on the rear surface of the said grating plate, correspondingly prepared working faces in the inclosing casing against which the said prepared faces on the grating plate are adapted to bear. a shaft arranged centrally in relation to the aforesaid cylindrical grating drum, fast and loose pulleys on said shaft, striking gear for said pulleys, means for operating said striking gear, a cam on the aforesaid shaft, pull rods arranged in the grating plate, a saddle or sector piece straddling said rods and rollers on said saddle or sector piece for engaging said cam and imparting a reciprocatory motion to the grating plate during the grating, defibrating, pulping or breaking-up operation.

3. In a machine for grating, defibrating, pulping and breaking-up the cellular tissues of cocoanut or other oil-bearing nuts the combination of a cylindrical grating drum, a grating plate adapted to cooperate therewith, an inclosing casing, a feed opening in said casing, prepared working faces on the rear surface of the grating surface of the grating plate, correspondingly prepared working faces in the inclosing casing against which the prepared faces on the grating plate are adapted to bear, means for imparting a rotary motion to the aforesaid drum, a sprinkler device in the feed opening, a shield or guiding plate also'in said feed opening and means for imparting a reciprocatory motion to the grating plate during the grating, defibrating, Or breaking-up operation.

4. I11 a machine for grating, defibrating, pulping and breaking-up the cellular tissues of cocoanut or other oil-bearing nuts the combination of a cylindrical grating drum, a grating plate adapted to cooperate there with, an inclosing casing, a feed opening in said casing, prepared working faces on the rear surface of the grating plate, correspondingly prepared working faces in the inclosing casing against which the prepared faces on the grating plate are adapted to bear, a shaft arranged centrally in relation to the aforesaid cylindrical grating drum, fast and loose pulleys on said shaft, striking gear for said pulleys, means for operating said striking gear, a cam on the aforesaid shaft, pull rods in the grating plate, a saddle or sector piece straddling the said rods, rollers on said saddle or sector piece for engaging said cam and imparting a reciprocatory motion to the grating plate during the grating, defibrating, pulping or breaking-up operation, a sprinkler device in the feed opening, a shield or guiding plate also in the said feed opening and means comprising slidable bearings for varying the distance of separation of the acting surfaces of the rotary and reoiprocatory grating elements.

5. In a machine for grating, defibrating, pulping, and breaking-up the cellular tissues of cocoanut or other oil-bearing nuts, the combination of a cylindrical grating drum, a grating plate adapted to cooperate therewith, an inclosing casing, prepared working faces on the rear surface of the said grating plate, correspondingly prepared Working faces in the inclosing casing against which the prepared faces on the said plate are adapted to bear, a shaft on Which the cylindrical grating drum is mounted, a cam on said shaft, pull rods arranged in the grating plate, a saddle piece straddling said rods,

- the shaft and varying the distance of separa tion of the acting surfaces of the rotary and reciprocatory grating elements.

6. In a machine for grating, defibrating,

pulping and breaking-up the cellular tissues of cocoanut or other oil bearing nuts, the combination of acylindrical grating drum, a grating plate adapted to cooperate therewith, perforated plates attached to said grating drum and grating plate having jagged holes pierced therein so as to present a roughened-or gratingexterior surface, an inclosing casing, prepared Working faces on the rear surface of the said grating plate, corrcspondingly prepared Working faces in the inclosing casing against Which the prepared faces on the said plate are adapted to bear,

a shaft on Which the cylindrical grating I drum is mounted, a cam on said shaft, pull rods arranged in the grating plate, a saddle piece straddling said rods, rollers' on said saddle piece for engaging said cam and imparting a reciprocatory motion to the grating plate during the rotation of the drum, a shield or plate for guiding the material between the Working surfaces of the rotary Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.