US593138A - Electrical Transformer - Google Patents

Electrical Transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
US593138A
US593138A US593138DA US593138A US 593138 A US593138 A US 593138A US 593138D A US593138D A US 593138DA US 593138 A US593138 A US 593138A
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primary
coil
potential
transformer
coils
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Nikola Tesla
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B11/00Automatic controllers
    • G05B11/01Automatic controllers electric
    • G05B11/012Automatic controllers electric details of the transmission means
    • G05B11/016Automatic controllers electric details of the transmission means using inductance means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/08High-leakage transformers or inductances
    • H01F38/10Ballasts, e.g. for discharge lamps

Definitions

  • the present application is based upon an apparatus which I have devised and employed for the purpose of developing electrical currents of high potential, which transformers or induction-coils constructed on the principles heretofore followed in the manufacture of such instrument-s are wholly incapable of producing or practically utilizing, at least without serious liability of the destruction of the apparatus itself and danger to persons approaching or handling it.
  • the improvement involves a novel form of transformer or induction-coil and a system for the transmission of electrical energy by means of the same in which the energy of the source is raised to a much higher potential for transmission over the line than has ever been practically employed heretofore, and the apparatus is constructed with reference to the production of such a potential and so as to be not only free from the danger of injury from the destruction of insulation, but safe to handle.
  • Figure l is a diagram illustrating the plan of winding and connection which I employ in constructing my improved coils and the manner of using them for the transmission of energy over long distances.
  • Fig. 2 is a side elevation
  • Fig. 3 a side elevation and part section, of modified forms of induction-coil made in accordance with my invention.-
  • A designates a core, which may be magnetic when so desired.
  • B is the secondary coil, wound upon said core in generally spiral form.
  • C is the primary, which is wound around in proximity to the secondary.
  • One terminal of the latter will be at the center of the spiral coil, and from this the current is taken to line or for other purposes.
  • the other terminal of the secondary is connected to earth and preferably also to the primary.
  • the receiving-transformer will be constructed and connected in the same manner as the first-that is to say, the inner or center end of what corresponds to the secondary of the first Will be connected to line and the other end to earth and to the local circuit or that which corresponds to the primary of the first.
  • the line-wire should be supported in such manner as to avoid loss by the current jumping from line to objects in its vicinity and in contact with earth-as, for example, by means of long insulators, mounted, preferably, on metal poles, so that in case of leakage from the line it will pass harmlessly to earth.
  • a dynamo G is conveniently represented as supplying the primary of the sending or step-up transformer, and lamps II and motors K are shown as connected with the corresponding circuit of the receiving or step-down transformer.
  • the secondary may be wound on a support in the shape of a frustum of a cone and the primary wound around its base, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the coil is preferably constructed on the plan illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • L L are spools of insulating material upon which the secondary is wound-in the present case, however, in two sections, so as to constitute really two secondaries.
  • the primary C is a spirally-wound flat strip surrounding both secondaries B.
  • the inner terminals of the secondaries are led out through tubes of insulating material M, while the other or outside terminals are connected with the primary.
  • the length of the secondary coil B or of each secondary coil when two are used, as in 3, is, as before stated, approximately onequarter of the wave length of the electrical disturbance in the secondary circuit, based on the velocity of propagation of the electrical disturbance through the coil itself and the circuit with which it is designed to be usedthat is to say, if the rate at which a current traverses the circuit, including the coil, be one hundred and eighty-live thousand miles per second, then a frequency of nine hundred and twenty-five per second would maintain nine hundred and twenty-five stationary waves in a circuit one hundred and eighty-five thousand miles long, and each wave length would be two hundred miles in length. Forsuch a frequencyl should usea secondary fifty miles in length, so that at one terminal the potential would be zero and at the other maximum.
  • Coils of the character herein described have several important advantages. As the potential increases with the number of turns the difference of potential between adjacent turns is comparatively small, an d hence a very high potential, impracticable with ordinary coils, may be successfully maintained.
  • the secondary As the secondary is electrically connected with the primary the latter will be at substantially the same potential as the adjacent portions of the secondary, so that there will be no tendency for sparks to jump from one to the other and destroy the insulation. Moreover, as both primary and secondary are grounded and the line-terminal of the coil carried and protected to a point remote from the apparatus the danger of adischarge through the body of a person handling or approaching the apparatus is reduced to a mini mum.
  • a transformer for developing or converting currents of high potential comprising a primary and secondary coil, one terminal of the secondary being electrically connected with the primary, and with earth when the transformer is in use, as set forth.
  • a transformer for developing or con vcrting currents of high potential comprising a primary and secondary wound in the form of a flat spiral, the end of the secondary adjacent to the primary being electrically com nected therewith and with earth when the transformer is in use, as set forth.
  • a transformer for developing or co nverting currents of high potential comprising a primary and secondary wound in the form of a spiral, the secondary being inside of, and surrounded by, the convolutions of the primary and having its adjacent terminal electrically connected therewith and with earth when the transformer is in use, as set forth.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.-
N.TESLA. ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER.
No. 593,138: Patented Nov. 2, 1897.
mvsw TOR ,4 rromvm-S',
WITNESSES 4, /K. Kim;
me NORRIS PFTERs comwomuwo, WASHINGTON, n c.
airs Status arnnrr @rrrcn.
NIKOLA TESLA, OF NEWV YORK, N.'Y.
ELECTRECAL TRANSFORM Ea.
SPEGIFIGATION forming part of Letters, Patent No. 593,138, dated November 2, 1897.
Application filed March 20, 1897.
To aZZ whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, NIKOLA TESLA, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Transformers, of which the following is a specification, referencebeing had to the drawings accompanying and forming a part of the same.
The present application is based upon an apparatus which I have devised and employed for the purpose of developing electrical currents of high potential, which transformers or induction-coils constructed on the principles heretofore followed in the manufacture of such instrument-s are wholly incapable of producing or practically utilizing, at least without serious liability of the destruction of the apparatus itself and danger to persons approaching or handling it.
The improvement involves a novel form of transformer or induction-coil and a system for the transmission of electrical energy by means of the same in which the energy of the source is raised to a much higher potential for transmission over the line than has ever been practically employed heretofore, and the apparatus is constructed with reference to the production of such a potential and so as to be not only free from the danger of injury from the destruction of insulation, but safe to handle. To this end I construct an induction-coil or transformer in which the primary and secondary coils are wound or arranged in such manner that the convolutions of the conductor of the latter will be farther removed from the primary as the liability of injury from the effects of potential increases, the terminal or point of highest potential being the most remote, and so that between adjacent convolutions there shall be the least possible difference of potential.
The type of coil in which the last-named features are present is the flat spiral, and this form I generally employ, winding the primary on the outside of the secondary and taking off the current from the latter at the center or inner end of the spiral. I may depart from or vary this form, however, in the particulars hereinafter specified.
In constructing my improved transformers I employ a length of secondary which is ap- Serial ll'o. 628,453 on) model.)
proximately one-quarter of the wave length of the electrical disturbance in the circuit including the secondary coil, based on the velocity of propagation of electrical disturbances through such circuit, or, in general, of such length that the potential at the terminal of the secondary which is the more remote from the primary shall be at its maximum. In using these coils I connect one end of the secondary, or that in proximity to the primary,to earth, and in order to more effectually provide against injury to persons or to the apparatus I also connect it with the primary.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a diagram illustrating the plan of winding and connection which I employ in constructing my improved coils and the manner of using them for the transmission of energy over long distances. Fig. 2 is a side elevation, and Fig. 3 a side elevation and part section, of modified forms of induction-coil made in accordance with my invention.-
A designates a core, which may be magnetic when so desired.
B is the secondary coil, wound upon said core in generally spiral form.
C is the primary, which is wound around in proximity to the secondary. One terminal of the latter will be at the center of the spiral coil, and from this the current is taken to line or for other purposes. The other terminal of the secondary is connected to earth and preferably also to the primary.
Then two coils are used in a transmission system in which the currents are raised to a high potential and then reconverted to a lower potential, the receiving-transformer will be constructed and connected in the same manner as the first-that is to say, the inner or center end of what corresponds to the secondary of the first Will be connected to line and the other end to earth and to the local circuit or that which corresponds to the primary of the first. In such case also the line-wire should be supported in such manner as to avoid loss by the current jumping from line to objects in its vicinity and in contact with earth-as, for example, by means of long insulators, mounted, preferably, on metal poles, so that in case of leakage from the line it will pass harmlessly to earth. In Fig. 1, where such a system is illustrated, a dynamo G is conveniently represented as supplying the primary of the sending or step-up transformer, and lamps II and motors K are shown as connected with the corresponding circuit of the receiving or step-down transformer.
Instead of winding the coils in the form of a flat spiral the secondary may be wound on a support in the shape of a frustum of a cone and the primary wound around its base, as shown in Fig. 2.
In practice for apparatus designed for ordinary usage the coil is preferably constructed on the plan illustrated in Fig. 3. In this figure L L are spools of insulating material upon which the secondary is wound-in the present case, however, in two sections, so as to constitute really two secondaries. The primary C is a spirally-wound flat strip surrounding both secondaries B.
The inner terminals of the secondaries are led out through tubes of insulating material M, while the other or outside terminals are connected with the primary.
The length of the secondary coil B or of each secondary coil when two are used, as in 3, is, as before stated, approximately onequarter of the wave length of the electrical disturbance in the secondary circuit, based on the velocity of propagation of the electrical disturbance through the coil itself and the circuit with which it is designed to be usedthat is to say, if the rate at which a current traverses the circuit, including the coil, be one hundred and eighty-live thousand miles per second, then a frequency of nine hundred and twenty-five per second would maintain nine hundred and twenty-five stationary waves in a circuit one hundred and eighty-five thousand miles long, and each wave length would be two hundred miles in length. Forsuch a frequencyl should usea secondary fifty miles in length, so that at one terminal the potential would be zero and at the other maximum.
Coils of the character herein described have several important advantages. As the potential increases with the number of turns the difference of potential between adjacent turns is comparatively small, an d hence a very high potential, impracticable with ordinary coils, may be successfully maintained.
As the secondary is electrically connected with the primary the latter will be at substantially the same potential as the adjacent portions of the secondary, so that there will be no tendency for sparks to jump from one to the other and destroy the insulation. Moreover, as both primary and secondary are grounded and the line-terminal of the coil carried and protected to a point remote from the apparatus the danger of adischarge through the body of a person handling or approaching the apparatus is reduced to a mini mum.
I am aware that an induction-coil in the form of a flat spiral is not in itself new, and this I do not claim; but
lVhat I claim as my invention is- 1. A transformer for developing or converting currents of high potential, comprising a primary and secondary coil, one terminal of the secondary being electrically connected with the primary, and with earth when the transformer is in use, as set forth.
2. A transformer for developing or con vcrting currents of high potential, comprising a primary and secondary wound in the form of a flat spiral, the end of the secondary adjacent to the primary being electrically com nected therewith and with earth when the transformer is in use, as set forth.
A transformer for developing or co nverting currents of high potential comprising a primary and secondary wound in the form of a spiral, the secondary being inside of, and surrounded by, the convolutions of the primary and having its adjacent terminal electrically connected therewith and with earth when the transformer is in use, as set forth.
4:. In a system for the conversion and transmission of electrical energy, the combination of two transformers, one for raising, the other for lowering, the potential of the currents, the said transformers having one terminal of the longer or fine-wire coils connected to line, and the other terminals adjacent to the shorter coils electrically connected therewith and to the earth, as set forth.
NIKOLA ill lriilni. \Vitnesses:
M. Lawson Dvnn, G. W. lliliin'rnmc.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US6104107A (en) * 1992-05-08 2000-08-15 Uniline Limited Method and apparatus for single line electrical transmission
US20020080002A1 (en) * 1998-02-20 2002-06-27 Oldfield William W. Microwave inductor with poly-iron core configured to limit interference with transmission line signals
US20030076207A1 (en) * 1998-02-20 2003-04-24 Anritsu Company Lumped element microwave inductor with windings around tapered poly-iron core
US20030173468A1 (en) * 2002-03-18 2003-09-18 Maker David Joel Electrostatic 512kV rotator and/or oscillator propulsion system
US20080285200A1 (en) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Jeffrey Messer System and method for forming and controlling electric arcs
US20090011940A1 (en) * 2007-06-20 2009-01-08 Anthony Francis Issa System and method for using a vacuum core high temperature superconducting resonator
US20090103925A1 (en) * 2005-09-27 2009-04-23 Ortal Alpert Directional Light Transmitter and Receiver
US20090134711A1 (en) * 2007-11-27 2009-05-28 Anthony Francis Issa Methods and systems for wireless energy and data transmission
US20100320362A1 (en) * 2008-01-03 2010-12-23 Ortal Alpert Wireless laser power transmitter
RU2474031C2 (en) * 2010-09-22 2013-01-27 Российская академия сельскохозяйственных наук Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт электрификации сельского хозяйства Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук (ГНУ ВИЭСХ Россельхозакадемии) Method and device for electrical energy transmission (versions)
DE102012021514A1 (en) 2011-11-02 2013-05-02 Alf Holger Tschersich Method for converting kinetic energy of working medium e.g. fluid into electric energy, involves generating electric current by operating disc-shaped inductors and by accelerating and activating working medium
US8610311B1 (en) 2009-01-27 2013-12-17 Energy Magnification Corporation Passive power generation system
US20150085531A1 (en) * 2012-05-04 2015-03-26 Alstom Technology Ltd Nonlinear control device for a dc/dc converter used for conveying hvdc current
US20150229232A1 (en) * 2011-08-04 2015-08-13 Michael Bank Electrical energy transmission system
US9608441B2 (en) 2011-08-04 2017-03-28 Sle International Llc. Single-wire electric transmission line
US9649952B2 (en) 2013-12-30 2017-05-16 Curtis E. Graber Electromagnetic field generator
DE102017000657A1 (en) 2016-01-26 2017-07-27 Alf Holger Tschersich Fusion devices and methods for cold hydrogen fusion
RU2626815C2 (en) * 2015-10-14 2017-08-02 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ" (ФГБНУ ФНАЦ ВИМ) Method and device for transmission of electric power
EP1898532B1 (en) * 2006-09-11 2018-12-12 Sony Corporation Communication system and communication apparatus
RU192509U1 (en) * 2019-07-19 2019-09-18 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева Российской академии наук RF resonant transformer for powering Paul trap electrodes
RU2718779C1 (en) * 2019-09-17 2020-04-14 Фолкуер Холдингс Лимитед Method and device for transmission of electric power (versions)
RU2718781C1 (en) * 2019-09-17 2020-04-14 Фолкуер Холдингс Лимитед Method and device for electric power transmission
RU2751094C1 (en) * 2020-12-18 2021-07-08 Фолкуер Холдингс Лимитед Electric energy transmission system
US11254221B2 (en) 2019-08-15 2022-02-22 Hyiamang Safo Odoom Power supply for electric vehicles using 3-phase alternating current induction motor and transformer components
RU2771663C1 (en) * 2021-08-19 2022-05-11 Михаил Евгеньевич Бочаров Device for the transmission of electric energy
US11588421B1 (en) 2019-08-15 2023-02-21 Robert M. Lyden Receiver device of energy from the earth and its atmosphere
EP4300771A1 (en) 2022-06-30 2024-01-03 Gabriel Marius Rus Process and installation for global wireless energy transport
US11909187B2 (en) 2021-08-06 2024-02-20 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Aerial station power tether with unipolar current flow

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6104107A (en) * 1992-05-08 2000-08-15 Uniline Limited Method and apparatus for single line electrical transmission
US20020080002A1 (en) * 1998-02-20 2002-06-27 Oldfield William W. Microwave inductor with poly-iron core configured to limit interference with transmission line signals
US20030076207A1 (en) * 1998-02-20 2003-04-24 Anritsu Company Lumped element microwave inductor with windings around tapered poly-iron core
US20030173468A1 (en) * 2002-03-18 2003-09-18 Maker David Joel Electrostatic 512kV rotator and/or oscillator propulsion system
US20090103925A1 (en) * 2005-09-27 2009-04-23 Ortal Alpert Directional Light Transmitter and Receiver
US9705606B2 (en) 2005-09-27 2017-07-11 Wi-Charge, Ltd. Directional light transmitter and receiver
EP1898532B1 (en) * 2006-09-11 2018-12-12 Sony Corporation Communication system and communication apparatus
US7817401B2 (en) 2007-05-15 2010-10-19 Extremely Ingenious Engineering LLC Solid state tesla coil suit
US8098472B2 (en) 2007-05-15 2012-01-17 Extremely Ingenious Engineering, Llc System and method for controlling an electromagnetic field generator
US20080284506A1 (en) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Jeffrey Messer System and method for controlling an electromagnetic field generator
US20080285200A1 (en) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Jeffrey Messer System and method for forming and controlling electric arcs
US20090011940A1 (en) * 2007-06-20 2009-01-08 Anthony Francis Issa System and method for using a vacuum core high temperature superconducting resonator
US20090134711A1 (en) * 2007-11-27 2009-05-28 Anthony Francis Issa Methods and systems for wireless energy and data transmission
US20090303760A1 (en) * 2007-11-27 2009-12-10 Anthony Francis Issa Resonant transformer systems and methods of use
US7940534B2 (en) 2007-11-27 2011-05-10 Extremely Ingenious Engineering Resonant transformer systems and methods of use
US7960867B2 (en) 2007-11-27 2011-06-14 Extremely Ingenious Engineering Methods and systems for wireless energy and data transmission
US20100320362A1 (en) * 2008-01-03 2010-12-23 Ortal Alpert Wireless laser power transmitter
US8525097B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2013-09-03 Wi-Charge Ltd. Wireless laser system for power transmission utilizing a gain medium between retroreflectors
US8610311B1 (en) 2009-01-27 2013-12-17 Energy Magnification Corporation Passive power generation system
RU2474031C2 (en) * 2010-09-22 2013-01-27 Российская академия сельскохозяйственных наук Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт электрификации сельского хозяйства Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук (ГНУ ВИЭСХ Россельхозакадемии) Method and device for electrical energy transmission (versions)
US20150229232A1 (en) * 2011-08-04 2015-08-13 Michael Bank Electrical energy transmission system
US9246405B2 (en) * 2011-08-04 2016-01-26 Sle International, Llc Electrical energy transmission system with a single transmission line
US9608441B2 (en) 2011-08-04 2017-03-28 Sle International Llc. Single-wire electric transmission line
DE102012021514A1 (en) 2011-11-02 2013-05-02 Alf Holger Tschersich Method for converting kinetic energy of working medium e.g. fluid into electric energy, involves generating electric current by operating disc-shaped inductors and by accelerating and activating working medium
US9559595B2 (en) * 2012-05-04 2017-01-31 Alstom Technology Ltd Bidirectional multi-level DC/DC converter with an independent control module for each conversion stage
US20150085531A1 (en) * 2012-05-04 2015-03-26 Alstom Technology Ltd Nonlinear control device for a dc/dc converter used for conveying hvdc current
US9649952B2 (en) 2013-12-30 2017-05-16 Curtis E. Graber Electromagnetic field generator
RU2626815C2 (en) * 2015-10-14 2017-08-02 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ" (ФГБНУ ФНАЦ ВИМ) Method and device for transmission of electric power
DE102017000657A1 (en) 2016-01-26 2017-07-27 Alf Holger Tschersich Fusion devices and methods for cold hydrogen fusion
RU192509U1 (en) * 2019-07-19 2019-09-18 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева Российской академии наук RF resonant transformer for powering Paul trap electrodes
US11254221B2 (en) 2019-08-15 2022-02-22 Hyiamang Safo Odoom Power supply for electric vehicles using 3-phase alternating current induction motor and transformer components
US11588421B1 (en) 2019-08-15 2023-02-21 Robert M. Lyden Receiver device of energy from the earth and its atmosphere
RU2718781C1 (en) * 2019-09-17 2020-04-14 Фолкуер Холдингс Лимитед Method and device for electric power transmission
WO2021053504A1 (en) 2019-09-17 2021-03-25 Folquer Holdings Limited Method and apparatus for transmission of electrical energy
WO2021053502A1 (en) 2019-09-17 2021-03-25 Folquer Holdings Limited Method and apparatus for transmission of electrical energy (embodiments)
US11043904B2 (en) 2019-09-17 2021-06-22 Folquer Holdings Limited Method and apparatus for transmission of electrical energy
RU2718779C1 (en) * 2019-09-17 2020-04-14 Фолкуер Холдингс Лимитед Method and device for transmission of electric power (versions)
RU2751094C1 (en) * 2020-12-18 2021-07-08 Фолкуер Холдингс Лимитед Electric energy transmission system
WO2022130132A1 (en) 2020-12-18 2022-06-23 Folquer Holdings Limited System for transmitting electrical energy
US11909187B2 (en) 2021-08-06 2024-02-20 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Aerial station power tether with unipolar current flow
RU2771663C1 (en) * 2021-08-19 2022-05-11 Михаил Евгеньевич Бочаров Device for the transmission of electric energy
EP4300771A1 (en) 2022-06-30 2024-01-03 Gabriel Marius Rus Process and installation for global wireless energy transport

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