RU2771663C1 - Device for the transmission of electric energy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to the power supply of alternating current electric energy receivers using a single-wire line. A technical problem is the creation of a device for alternative power supply of stationary receivers with electric energy via a single-wire AC line, which is also convenient for charging or power supply of mobile devices. The expected result is achieved by the fact that an electric energy transmission device containing a single-wire power transmission line connected at one end to the first terminal of the secondary winding of the supply transformer, and at the other end to the input of at least one electric energy receiver, according to the solution, additionally contains conductive electric charge storage devices, one of which is connected to the second output of the secondary winding of the supply transformer, and the other to the output of the electric energy receiver, and the electrical capacitances of the electric charge storage of the supply transformer and the electric energy receiver are equal, while the primary winding of the supply transformer is connected to a single-phase alternating current source, made with the possibility of changing the frequency.

EFFECT: simplification of the device while ensuring security.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of power supply of receivers of electrical energy of alternating current using a single-wire line.

From the prior art, there are known cases of the need to supply electrical energy receivers remote from the power line, but having the possibility of a common metal connection with a power supply source. Such cases include, for example, the power supply of facilities serving long pipelines, certain types of rail transport or receivers located near rails or pipelines. Similarly, there is a need to have a convenient (simple and cheap) way to charge mobile devices. Moreover, mobile devices should be understood as both portable devices with a permanent connection, and wearable devices with a circuit break. Care for mobile chargers from contact (connector) to non-contact, as a rule, induction, did not lead to their mass distribution due to a number of difficulties.

A device for converting the transmission of electrical energy is known, described in a patent for an electrical transformer (patent US 593138, IPC G05B 11/016, publ. 02.11.1914), which uses two Tesla transformers, the high-voltage outputs of the primary windings of which are connected by an extended single-wire line, and the secondary terminals of the high-voltage windings are connected to the secondary windings and grounded. In this case, energy is supplied through the secondary winding of one transformer, and is consumed from the secondary winding of the second.

The disadvantages are the complexity of the design, the galvanic contact of the consumer (receiver) of electricity with a high-voltage winding and the use of high-frequency currents, as well as the inability to abandon the grounding of structural elements.

A device for transmitting electrical energy is known, in which, as in the previous device for transmitting electrical energy, resonant oscillations of high frequency and voltage are used, transmitted through two Tesla transformers (RF patent No. 2255406, IPC H02J 17/00, publ. 27.06.2005 ), while in some cases an insulated capacitance in the form of a conductive body is used.

The disadvantages of the known device is the complexity of the principle of organizing a single-wire transmission of electrical energy, the use of high-voltage and high-frequency voltage sources (Tesla transformers), as well as the low electrical safety of the devices.

A device for transmitting electrical energy (options) is known in which, as in the previous ones, resonant oscillations of high frequency and voltage are used to transmit electrical energy (RF patent No. 2423772, IPC H02J 17/00, publ. 10.07.2011), one of the options assumes galvanic separation of the primary and secondary windings of the transmitting and receiving transformers, and instead of grounding, in some versions, one of the terminals of the secondary winding of the receiving transformer is connected to an insulated container in the form of a conductive body.

The disadvantage of the known device, taken as a prototype, is the complexity of the principle of organizing a single-wire transmission of electrical energy, the use of high-voltage and high-frequency voltage sources, as well as the low electrical safety of the devices.

It can be stated that the known devices due to the use of high-voltage and high-frequency voltage sources are complex, have low reliability and electrical safety, especially when used for mobile electrical energy receivers.

The technical problem is to create a device for alternative power supply of stationary receivers with electrical energy via a single-wire AC line, which is also convenient for charging or powering mobile devices.

The technical result of the device is to simplify the device while ensuring safety.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the electrical energy transmission device containing a single-wire power line connected on one side to the first output of the secondary winding of the supply transformer, and on the other side to the input of at least one electrical energy receiver, according to the solution, additionally contains conductive electric charge accumulators, one of which is connected to the second output of the secondary winding of the supply transformer, and the other to the output of the electric energy receiver, and the electric capacities of the electric charge accumulators of the supply transformer and the electric energy receiver are equal, while the primary winding of the supply transformer is connected to a single-phase alternating current source , made with the possibility of changing the frequency.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the scheme of the proposed device.

The positions in the drawing indicate:

Single-wire line of single-phase alternating current;

Accumulator of electric charges of the supply transformer;

Supply transformer (power supply);

Receiver of electrical energy;

The accumulator of electric charges of the receiver of electric energy;

Transformer for the receiver of electrical energy.

The device contains a single-wire line 1 of single-phase alternating current, to the input of which the secondary winding of the supply transformer 3 is connected with one output, the second output of which is connected to the accumulator 2 of electric charges of the supply transformer 3. The output of the single-wire line 1 is connected to at least one receiver 4 directly or through the transformer 6 of the receiver 4 of electrical energy. The second output of each receiver 4 or transformer 6 of the receiver is in turn connected to the accumulator 5 of electric charges of the receiver 4, as shown in the drawing. The primary winding of the transformer 3 is connected to a single-phase alternating current source (not shown in the drawing), made with the possibility of changing the frequency.

The principle of operation of the device will be clear from the principle of operation of the electrical circuit known from the prior art (series connection in the AC circuit of the receiver and capacitor), demonstrating the passage of alternating current to the receiver through the capacitor. The principle of "passage" of current is based on the alternating charge / recharge of the capacitor plates due to a change in the direction of current flow in the circuit. In this case, the current strength depends on the capacitance of the capacitor and is determined by the formulas known from the course of physics. In the case of the device under consideration, the role of the capacitor plates is played by accumulators 2 and 5 spaced apart in space. When the capacitor plates are separated and separated by a distance, the capacitance of the capacitor decreases, which entails a decrease in the current in the circuit. The described device is a logical continuation of the well-known electrical circuit, in which the capacitor plates are separated by a considerable distance, and to maintain the required current in the circuit, the electrical capacitance of each of them is increased. In addition to increasing the electrical capacitance, to increase the transmitted power, the frequency of the alternating current is increased.

Thus, the device consists of series-connected: drive 2 supply transformer; secondary winding of the supply transformer 3; single-wire line 1; receiver 4 (electrical energy) and storage 5 of the receiver of electrical energy. In another version of the device, the receiver 4 can be powered from a single-wire line 1 through a transformer 6.

The device operates as follows: due to the external energy of a single-phase alternating current source (not shown in the drawing) through the secondary winding of the supply transformer 3, an alternating flow of electrons is provided along a single-wire circuit from the electric energy storage 2 to the electric energy storage 5. In this case, the current passes through the receiver 4, where it does work.

The device uses the capabilities of electric charge accumulators (receiver and supply transformer) to ensure the rate of accumulation and return of electric charges (electrons) to a single-wire circuit. In this case, the current strength in a single-wire circuit will depend on a number of conditions: the ability of electric charge accumulators 2 and 5 to maintain the rate and volume of receiving / returning electric charges and the ohmic resistance of a single-wire line. When using several receivers of electric energy in the device, they are all connected to a single-wire line with their electric charge accumulators. In this case, the condition must be observed that the total electric capacity of all drives 5 is equal to the electric capacity of storage 2.

Capacitor plates, massive conductive structures and materials can be used as electric energy storage devices 2 or 5. When using capacitors as a storage of electrical energy, depending on the design of the capacitor, one of its plates or both can be used. Conductive structures when used as storage devices 2 or 5 of electrical energy can be grounded, which increases their electrical capacity. Simultaneous grounding of storage devices 2 and 5 of electrical energy is possible when they are separated from each other by a distance that excludes overflows through the ground. Power transformers with galvanic isolation of windings are used as transformers. As a single-wire line 1, it is possible to use a special line, for example, a wired one, as well as conductive structures and natural conductive media, for example, reservoirs. In this case, it is necessary to isolate the electric charge storage devices. If conductive natural media remote from each other are used as electric charge accumulators, then a single-wire line is isolated.

To use the device as a transmission of charging current or power supply to mobile devices, the electric charge accumulators are isolated, which are located inside the mobile device and the charger. As a single-wire line, a single-wire contact is used through the contact surfaces of the mobile and charger. In this case, both contacts are part of a single-wire line. When the contacts come into contact, the mobile device is charged or powered, for example, when a smartphone is placed in the charger socket or when it is in a car panel cell with a contact plate. The advantage of using the device is that a mobile device may not have a special connector for recharging, and because of this, its tightness and ease of use will be higher. Such an application of the device will be versatile, environmentally friendly and more efficient than wireless charging known from the prior art, including the well-known Qi power technology.

The device allows power supply of a mobile device with low power consumption without an internal battery when connected to a conductive structure with a single wire. In this case, there is no need to provide operating conditions for batteries, such as a minimum charge level or temperature range. An example of such a device can be a portable lamp containing a light source and an electrical capacitance for operation, for example, at low temperatures. To do this, the mobile device is connected to a single-wire line in any accessible place of this line, which can be a rail track, a metal structure, equipment, etc.

If it is possible to use a full-fledged electrical supply (single- or three-phase), the device in question will be of little use, except for the charging option for mobile devices (gadgets). Therefore, the use of the device is effective for electrical energy receivers remote from power lines with a relatively low level of energy consumption, for example, instrumentation and automated devices (I&C) located under water, along the route of main pipelines or rail tracks. At the same time, in order to increase the efficiency of the transmission of electrical energy (reception / return of electric charges by storage devices), the frequency of the alternating current supplied to the supply transformer is selected based on the parameters of all elements of the single-wire power supply circuit. Changing the frequency in each specific case prevents unauthorized selection of electrical energy from a single-wire line.

Thus, the technical result is achieved - the creation of a simple and safe device for alternative power supply to stationary or charging and power supply of mobile electrical energy receivers via a single-wire AC line.

Examples of specific implementation.

Example 1: Powering a fixed remote device, such as a low power measuring sensor on a main pipeline. Power supply requires either a power line (power line) or alternative energy sources, such as solar energy. In the case of remoteness: Power lines are expensive, and devices for obtaining energy from solar rays are complex and do not have anti-vandal protection. Power supply of the sensor from the declared device in this case is the best option. At the same time, the supply transformer 3 with the storage 2 of electric charges is located on a section of the pipeline with a reliable power supply, for example, at a compressor station, and is connected to the main pipeline, and the transformer 6 of the receiver with storage 5 is inside or next to the vandal-proof measuring sensor. The main pipeline is a single-wire line 1.

Example 2. Electric charging of the battery of a mobile device, such as a smartphone. The smartphone is inserted into the "stand-charging" or placed in the socket (cell) on the car panel. In this case, in both cases, the contact of two conductive surfaces is ensured, one of which is on the smartphone, the other on the charging stand or part of the socket on the car panel. In this case, the supply transformer 3 with the storage 2 of electric charges is inside the stand / socket (car), and the transformer 6 of the receiver with storage 5 is inside the smartphone. The contact between smartphone and cradle (car) is single-wire line 1.

Example 3. Power supply of a mobile device. For example, a small-sized luminaire for local illumination of the working area during equipment repair. Repaired (conductive) equipment is used as a single-wire line, which is connected at one end to a supply transformer, and at the other end to mobile lamps, which can be attached using a contact clamp and receive power anywhere in this equipment. When repairing, for example, a car, such devices can be an effective replacement for the used “carriers” (wire lamp) or headlamps. At the same time, the supply transformer 3 with the storage 2 of electric charges is located inside the external device connected to the AC network, which is connected to the conductive equipment for the period of repair, and the transformer 6 of the receiver with the storage 5 is inside the small lamp. Conductive equipment - single-wire line 1.

Claims (6)

1. An electric power transmission device containing a single-wire power line connected on one side to the first output of the secondary winding of the supply transformer, and on the other hand to the input of at least one receiver of electrical energy, characterized in that it additionally contains conductive electrical storage devices. charges, one of which is connected to the second output of the secondary winding of the supply transformer, and the other - to the output of the receiver of electrical energy, and the electric capacities of the electric charge accumulators of the supply transformer and the receiver of electrical energy are equal, while the primary winding of the supply transformer is connected to a single-phase alternating current source, configured to change the frequency. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the single-wire transmission line is connected to the electrical energy receiver through a transformer, while the electric energy receiver of the electrical energy receiver is connected to the second output of the transformer winding, while the first output of the transformer is connected to the single-wire line. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the single-wire transmission line is directly connected to the receiver of electrical energy. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains several receivers of electrical energy, each of which is connected to a single-wire line with one output, and with the other output to the corresponding electrical energy storage device, while the electric capacities of the electric charge storage of the supply transformer and electric capacities all accumulators of electrical energy receivers are equal. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that natural conductive media are used as electric charge accumulators. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that conductive structures and / or natural environments are used as a single-wire line.

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