US619760A - Electrical apparatus - Google Patents

Description

No. s|9,'7so. Famed-Feb. 2|, |899. A

T. B. KINRAIDE. ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. v (Appumion med my 5, 159s.) '(llo Modal.) 2 Sheets-Sheet I.

` N. s|9,7so. Painted Fen. 2|, |899.

- l T. B. KmnAmE. A

ELEcTRIcAL APPARATUS.

(Appuwion am my gs, Tabs.)

i UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS B. KINRAIDE, OF BOSTON, MASSAOHUSE'VS.

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 619,760, dated February 21, 1899. Application filed May 5,1898. Serial No. 679|800. (No model.)

To all whom, t may concern.-

'Be it known that I, Tetonas B. KINRAIDE, of Bostoincounty of Suffolk, State of )lassachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Dynainos, ltc. of which the following description, in connection with, the accompanying drawings,is a specification, like letters and figures on the drawings representing like parts.

My invention aims to accomplish an increased efficiency in electrical apparatus by means ofa new winding thereof, which l have discoveredto be the only proper winding for taking advantage of the natural impedance :and inductance, so as to give aproper rise of potential in the direction desired only. l have illustrated my invention in several different formsv of apparatus in order that it might be fully apprehended, and the details of these devices will be more fully understood from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and the invention will be more particularly defined in the' appended claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective View, partly diagrammatic, illustrating one manner of constructing a dynamo to embody the principles of my invention. Figs. 2 and 3 are diagrammatic figures illustrating the manner of winding. Fig. 4 is a verticalsection showing the principles of my invention applied to a different form of dynamo. Fig. 5 is a central transverse section of another form of dynamo, the right hand thereof showing the windings in section and the left hand thereof illustrating, diagrammatically, the mannerofiwinding. Fig. 6 isavertical transverse section taken on the line 6 6, Fig. 7, showing my invention applied to a transformer. Fig. 7 is a top plan View, partly in section, of said transformer. Fig. 8 is acentral vertical sectional View of another form of transformer. Fig. 9 illustrates in perspective the plates constituting the magnetic field of the latter transformer. Figs. 10 and '11 show, respectively, in perspective and central longitudinal section a modified form of transformer.

Referring to Fig. 1, it will be seen that I have provided a rotating field A and a stationary armature B, the latter being made up of laminated plates or stampings b and internal windings h2 If sucha form of dyname were to be,built with usual windings,

the wire would be wound around one or the other or all the iron walls constituting the shell or magnetic field of the armature B. Instead of this method of winding `I inclose all the wires within the stampings and I Wind thewire in a peculiar manner illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, where it will be seen that be ginning at the` inner terminal b2 the wire is carried in a winding parallel to the rotating field A in successive turns, as indicated by numbers in Fig. 3, so that the wire is built up in successive layers from the inside outward until half of the cavity (at one side the heavy linefh, Fig. 1) within the stampings is entirely filled, and then the same method of w/inding is followed until the opposite half of the cavity is entirely filled, the outer layers of the two bodies of windings being joined in circuit, so that we have a U-shaped mass of windings with the opposite terminals thereof next to the rotating field A. This winding ,will be clearly understood by following the numbers in Fig. 3 and observing the graphic representation of said winding in Fig. 2, from which it appears that successive coils are made until opposite parallel layers are formed, (indicated, respectively, by the figures 1 3 5 7 and 2 4 (5 8,) and then the same wire continues layving adjacent layers, (indicated, respectively, by the figures 9 11 13 15 on one side and 10 l2 14 1Gon the other side,) the same wire then being carried back in the next layer, as indicated on one side by 17 19 2123 and on the other side by 18 k2O 22 24, and then the last peripheral coil made in the half of the cavity of the armature filled by the windings thus far described continues over to the other half of said cavity, being ciled in precisely the same manner as before, the turns, however, proceeding from the periphery inward in the reverse manner to that already explained. In other words, supposing the' last-peripheral turn on one side theline b3 to be made by the wire 48, this Wire is continued past the dividing-line b3 to the side of the cavity, which we will suppose to be vacant, winding precisely as before the turns 48 47, 46 45, 44 43, 42 41, which form the outermost or peripheral layer adjacent the ends of the stampings b, the same wire being thence continued in its windings to form adjacent and Within said ontelmost layer another layer, (represented by the figures on one side 40 38 36-34 and on the ICI? other side 39 37 35 33,) and so on, winding in successive layers the saine wire until said wire ends upwiththe last coil.2 1 of the last or innermost layer lying inline with the first or starting layer with which the winding was begun at the opposite end of the wire, the first coil 1 2 being at one terminal of the entire winding and the last coil 2 1 being at the other terminal thereof. The'result is that as the field A rotates, thereby disturbing the induced magnetic conditions of the magnetic body B, whichfor the time being has become an induced magnet, the magnetic lines of the body B, when released from their inducing source, follow the usual law of induced magnets, and fall away from the region of the field A toward H, causing usual fluctuations in the winding of the armature, and theliiies of force in the magnetic eld provided by the euvelz oping body or jacket'B fall on the wires of the windings and outwardly toward the ends thereof at H, thereby creating the greatest impedance at the adjacent portion of the windings and removing from the inner portions of the windings the hindrance Vof the lines of magnetic force, so that the rise of potential of the entire winding is free to take place at the terminals of the windings adjacent the field A, and consequently a high-potential region is maintained immediately adjacent the rotating field, and a low-potential region in the winding is maintained at the remote portions of the winding adjacent the parts marked l-I inrFig. 1-. In Fig. 5 Iy have shown the same principle of windingl a plied to an armature made up of diierent-s aped stampings, the stampings shown in Fig.- 5 having a central core portion b4, around which the wire is wound. The principle of winding, however, is the same as before explainedthat is to say, the current has to pass from the low-potential or outer portion of the armature along the entire length of the whole winding before it can reach the high-potential or inner portion of the armature adjacent the rotating field. This is different from previous windings in that the old way-of winding would be to start, for instance, at the saine end as in my winding; but instead of winding the wire outward in layers transversely to the portion b4, as indicated, the wire would be wound directly on the portion b in-a spiral i form throughout 'the length of said portion b, 'and then back again to the-start-in a'second layer, and so on back and forth in layers .extending parallel to the length of the armature instead of extending transversely thereto, and the result would be that the current would simply have to pass throughout the length of wire of one layer in order to pass from the low-potential region to the high-potential region of the armature, and then the current in traveling farther along.. the winding wouldapass back again along the next layer, traveling from the high-potential region to the low-potential region, and so ony backand forth, according to the number of layers, until finally it would reach the out going terminal. I repeat, therefore, that the distinction of my'winding thereoicr is that all the current as it is generated by the fallin of the magnetic lines of force from the fie' dA toward the end H is drawn off without impedance from the end of the winding away from which the lines of force are falling, and this takes place throughout thesuccessive -turns of the winding until every turn thereof back tothe very end H discharges freely all its current in the one direction, all discharge in an opposite direction being prevented by the impedance of the lines of magnetic force at and falling toward the high magnetic potential ends H. Accordingly an armature constructed as shown in Fig. 5 would present constant high potential adjacent the rotating field, and the potential would be raised under the most favorable conditions,'inasmuch as the lines f force of the surrounding magnetic v field would be continually falling across the turns of wire back so as continually to keep releasing one and the same end of the wind ing from their impedi'ng influence, while continuingV to choke the opposite ends thereof adjacent H.

In Fig. 4 I have indicated the field at A" aud have provided a rotating armature B, fmade up of stampings in usual manner, the idilerence over a usual dynamo being, lhowiever,that I havewound the armature as already described, bindicating a ribbon windiing, which begins adjacent the core of the iarmature and winds in successive layers i thence outwardly in a radial direction, so that, Afor the reason already explained, there is a g constant region of high potential adjacent the iperiphery'f the armature and the inner terminals at the core are low potential. This is not only of advantage in that it gets all the beneflt of the cutting lines of force in the E magnetic field in the most natural manner as they fall across the turns successively from ithe inner to the outer portions of the windi ings, b'ut also it requires only one terminal to P be provided for the hghpotentialcurrent delivery from the apparatus, thereby permitting ithe return-conductor of the circuit to becorrespondingly light and inexpensive for' the 'extremely low voltage duty required of it.

In Figsi 6 and? I have shown a secondary lC, wound in the same manner already delscribed iii-detail and as shown in Fig. 1,-;the 1iron field c being cut away at c to receive a primary preferably wound also on the saine principle as the secondary. This produces what may be termed a magnetic oscillator, in which all the lines of force of the magneticfield (whether closed or open) are permitted on'au interruption of the current in the primary to fall across the secondary,l so as to cut all the turns thereof successivelyfrom the center toward H and progressively throughout the length of the wire. In atransformer .wound in the old way the lines of force would cut successive turns, to be sure, but would IOO ige

mareo .i

not cnt said turns progressively along the 'Whole wire, inasmuch as the windings would be transverse to the direction. that l employ. This will be more readily understood viewing Figs. lO and il, which show the magnetic iield as made up ot Wires forming at the center a core c2 and 4bent around the outside of the windings to forma jacket c3. The Old way of making a transformer in this form would have been to Wind the primary along the core c2 from one end to the other and then wind the secondary over the primary in successive layers parallel to t-he core back and forth. My winding, it will be seen, is entirely different from this, for I wind the primary c at one end, as clearlyindicated, and then Wind the secondary in ysuccessive layers transversely to the core c2 instead of parallel thereto,`so that all the current passes out from the delivery or outgoing terminal cl without any impedance, because as the lines of force fall and cut the turns, beginning at c7 and falling back toward the opposite terminal c, the wire is left free to'discliarge its current in one direction only, and this continues until all the wire is left free back to its terminal c6. In Fig. 8 I have kshown a form oftransfornier wound on the saine plan, but having a cene trai core cw and opposite disk-like magnetic iields c cl2, connected therewith, the stampings in this case being made up ot' pieces G13 c14 (shown in detail in Fig. 9) and put together in an obvious manner. l

l-lavin g described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. ln an electrical apparatus, a body producin a magnetic iield, a winding within the iniiuence oi' said body, means to maintain higlnpotential and low-potential regions respectively iii opposite parts of said magnetic lield, and means to cause fluctuations oi' saidA held, said winding being wound to present conditions oi electrical potential related in* vcrsely to the magnetic potential of the field, and having decreasing potential throughout its entire length from its high-potential region to its low-potential region, substantially as described.

2. In an electrical apparatus, an enveloping body providing a magnetic field for the apparatus, a winding arranged in and subject tot-he influence of said field, means to set up conditions of potential high and loir relatively to each other in dilerent regions. of said lield, and means to cause fluctuations of said field, said winding having its terminals adjacent the region from which the magnetic lines fall on a lluctuation of said iield, said winding being similarly wound from its said terminals to its intermediate portion, the latter being adjacent the region toward which said magnetic lines fall, and being Wound to present decreasing potential throughout its entire length from its said respective terminals to its said intermediate portion, snbstaiitially as described.

3. in an electrical apparatus, a body pro viding a magnetic tield for the apparatus, a winding arranged in and subject to the iufluenee of said ield, means to set up conditions of potential high and ,ow elatively to each other in different regions of said field, a primary winding restricted tothe region of said field toward which the magnetic lines fall,

said iirst-inentioned winding being wound iii said field to present conditions of electrical potential related inversely to the magnetic potential of the iield, said .vinding having decreasing potential throughout its entire length from its high-potenti al region to its lowpotential region, substantially as described.

4. In an electrical apparatus, a magnetizable shell or jacket providing a magnetic field for the apparatus, a winding arranged in and subject to the influence of said iield, means to set up conditions ot potential high and low relatively to each other in different regions of saidltield, a primary winding restricted to the region of said field toward which the magnetic lines fall, said first-nientioned winding having its terminals adjacent the region away from which the magnetic lines fall, being similarly Wound from its said terininais to its intermediate portion, the latter being adjacent said primary winding, and said first-mentioned. Winding being Wound to have its potential decreasing throughout'its entire length from its said respective terminals to its said intermediate portion, substantially as described.

5. In an electrical apparatus, a thin, flat see-L ondary Winding wound in tivo similar bodies side by side proceeding from the intermediate portion of the winding constituting the secondary and each of said bodies winding in successive layers or coils progressively shorter throughout its length fron. the periphl ery to the central portion thereof, and a pril mary Winding restricted to the peripheral portion of said secondary, part thereof boing cn one sideaiid part on the opposite side of said secondary, substantially as describedE i3. In an. electrical apparatus, a thin, flat secondary winding wound in two similar bodies side by side proceeding from the intermediate portion of the secondary' au d each winding in successive layers or coils progressively short-er throughout its length from the periphery to the central portion thereof, and a primary winding restricted to the peripheral portion of said secondary, part thereof being on one side and part on the 'opposite side of said secondary, and a magnetic Jacket or body inclosing said windings, substantially as described.

in testimony whereof l have signed my naine to this spccilieation in the presence o! two subscribing witnesses.

THOMAS ll, llNlMllit.

lVitnesses:

Guo. ll. iii-ixuiiipn Jeux tl. iiliiuriiiiis.

IOG

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