US5799735A - Fire fighting system for discharging a liquid-gas finely divided mist - Google Patents

Fire fighting system for discharging a liquid-gas finely divided mist Download PDF

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Publication number
US5799735A
US5799735A US08/716,165 US71616596A US5799735A US 5799735 A US5799735 A US 5799735A US 71616596 A US71616596 A US 71616596A US 5799735 A US5799735 A US 5799735A
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United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
gas
pressure
flow
outlet line
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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US08/716,165
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English (en)
Inventor
Goran Sundholm
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Marioff Corp Oy
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FI941738A external-priority patent/FI941738A0/fi
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Publication of US5799735A publication Critical patent/US5799735A/en
Assigned to MARIOFF CORPORATION OY reassignment MARIOFF CORPORATION OY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SUNDHOLM, GORAN
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/023—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being expelled by compressed gas, taken from storage tanks, or by generating a pressure gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A62C5/02—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use of foam
    • A62C5/022—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use of foam with air or gas present as such

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire fighting installation, i.e., system comprising a liquid source, a pump connected to said liquid source and preferably having a high liquid pressure and comparatively small flow, and a gas source connected by way of a line to an outlet line of the pump for mixing gas with outbound extinguishing liquid delivered to spray heads.
  • a fire fighting installation i.e., system comprising a liquid source, a pump connected to said liquid source and preferably having a high liquid pressure and comparatively small flow, and a gas source connected by way of a line to an outlet line of the pump for mixing gas with outbound extinguishing liquid delivered to spray heads.
  • Certain kinds of gasoline fires for example a kerosene fire in an aircraft jet engine undergoing an engine test in a hangar designed for that purpose, are nearly impossible to extinguish even by means of strong mist-like jets of liquid, as suggested for example in international patent application PCT/FI92/00155 which was published as WO 092/20454.
  • Such a jet engine fire will only go out when the entire hangar, which may typically have a volume of about 3000 cc, has been subjected to "total flooding", i.e., is in practice entirely filled with liquid mist having very small particles.
  • the liquid mist can in principle be produced with apparatus as described in international patent application PCT/FI92/00317which was published as WO 93/10859.
  • an outgoing ascension tube of a hydraulic accumulator is provided with wall apertures, so that the propellent gas of the accumulator initially drives out liquid only, and after the liquid level has sunk to be even with the uppermost tube wall aperture, mixing of propellent gas into the outbound liquid is gradually started as the liquid level sinks and more tube wall apertures are exposed.
  • the installation of the invention is primarily characterized in that the gas source is connected to the outlet line of the pump for producing a finely divided liquid mist.
  • the purpose of the gas is to enable fine division of the liquid droplets, which produces a finely divided liquid mist.
  • the gas source is arranged to mix gas in the outlet line of the pump with at least substantially the same high pressure as the pump.
  • the gas source can advantageously be constituted by a plurality of compressed-gas bottles coupled in parallel.
  • the gas may be nitrogen, argon, air, etc. In principle, any suitable gas may be used.
  • the contents of the compressed-gas bottles may be partially in liquid form, depending on the type of gas employed.
  • the charge pressure of the gas bottles like the operating pressure of the pump, may be approximately 50-200 bar, even though both lower and higher pressures are possible.
  • a comparatively small pump flow in this context means that the flow is smaller than the flow capacity of the relevant sprinklers or spray heads at maximum operating pressure.
  • the pump flow may be 10-80%, preferably 20-50% of the total flow of extinguishing fluid at maximum operating pressure.
  • the installation in accordance with the present invention enables effective foam formation on account of the comparatively large amount of pure gas, e.g., nitrogen gas, injected concurrently, which will shield the fire smoke from direct contact with the injected foam concentrate.
  • pure gas e.g., nitrogen gas
  • the gas source preferably a plurality of gas bottles, is arranged at a first stage to empty one or more liquid tanks in order to at least suppress the fire, the gas pressure being so adapted that when the liquid tanks are empty, the gas pressure is at least substantially as high as the operating pressure of the pump.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment for immediate production of finely divided liquid mist.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment for initial spraying of liquid and subsequent production of finely divided liquid mist and foam.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 comprises a pump 1, for a liquid.
  • the pump has an outlet line 2 leading to a plurality of spray heads 3.
  • the pump 1 may be a high-pressure pump with a typical operating pressure of 50-200 bar.
  • a plurality of compressed-gas bottles 4 coupled in parallel are connected to the outlet line 2 of the pump via a check valve 5 for ensuring that none of the liquid will enter the compressed-gas bottles 4 and a throttle 31 in a line 30.
  • a check valve 6 mounted in the outlet line 2 of the pump ensures likewise that the gas will be correctly routed, i.e., not into the pump but into the outlet line.
  • the compressed-air bottles 4 can be filled with nitrogen.
  • the pressure of the gas in the compressed-gas bottles can suitably be 100-300 bar.
  • throttle 31 in the line 30 between the compressed-gas bottles and the outlet line 2 of the pump is to enable adjustment of the mixing ratio of the liquid and gas in the extinguishing fluid flowing that forms the outlet line 2 to the spray heads 3 and from the spray heads as the desired finely divided mist.
  • the throttle 31 is optional.
  • the mixing ratio could be adjusted by variously dimensioning the line 30.
  • reference numeral 11 denotes a pump aggregate that can comprise for example two 11 kW pumps each having a flow of approximately 50 1/min. and a pressure of approximately 120 bar.
  • An outlet line 12 leads to a plurality of fire zones A-E having respective spray heads or sprinklers 13A, 13E (only two shown).
  • a plurality of compressed-gas bottles 14 and a plurality of liquid tanks 15, with a total of for example 400 liters, are provided for each pump.
  • the compressed gas at an initial pressure of 200 bar, for instance, first forcibly drives out the liquid from the tanks 15 to the respective activated fire zone with a flow of for example 1000 1/min., whereafter the operation is in principle similar as in FIG. 1.
  • the pressure in the compressed-gas bottles 14 has decreased to 120 bar, that is, to the pressure of the pump 11. Thereafter the pressure of the pump 11 adjusts itself in accordance with the pressure of the compressed-gas bottles 14, so that the pump flow is 20-100% of the declining total flow of extinguishing fluid.
  • the pump flow is 100% of the total flow of extinguishing fluid.
  • a container for foam concentrate is denoted at 16 and a foam-mixing device at 17.
  • a freshwater tank for example 3000 liters, is denoted at 18 and a seawater or lake-water connection is denoted at 19.
  • Valve 20 In the first stage, when the tanks 15 are being emptied of liquid, the effect/action of the pump aggregate 11 is negligible. Valve 20 must be open during said first stage so that no water will enter the foam-mixing device 17 in order to keep said device out of operation, since mixing of foam into the extinguishing fluid must be avoided at the beginning of the extinguishing operation. This is because the foam has the effect of making the droplets issuing from the nozzles larger, which will prevent the development of finely divided liquid mist. At the beginning of the extinguishing operation, finely divided liquid mist is specifically wanted. Thus foam will not serve well at the beginning of the extinguishing operation.
  • valve 20 can advantageously be shut to supply foam into the extinguishing fluid to produce a thick "foam matting" that will prevent re-ignition. It is to be noted that the installation in accordance with FIG. 2 need not comprise a foam-mixing device at all. In practice, valve 20 is shut in such a way that a pressure switch 140 coupled in line 130 is adapted to give a pressure signal after the pressure has decreased under a predetermined level, for example 30 bar. This pressure signal thus controls valve 20.
  • the gas bottles 14 can naturally be alternatively connected to the outlet line 12 to by-pass the liquid tanks 15.
  • the invention has been described in the above by way of examples, and therefore it should be noted that the invention may vary in its details in many ways within the scope of the appended claims.
  • the gas source need not necessarily be constituted by compressed-gas bottles.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US08/716,165 1994-04-14 1995-04-13 Fire fighting system for discharging a liquid-gas finely divided mist Expired - Fee Related US5799735A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI941738 1994-04-14
FI941738A FI941738A0 (fi) 1994-04-14 1994-04-14 Anordning foer eldslaeckning
FI941975 1994-04-28
FI941975A FI98494C (sv) 1994-04-14 1994-04-28 Anordning för eldsläckning
PCT/FI1995/000216 WO1995028205A1 (en) 1994-04-14 1995-04-13 A fire fighting installation for discharging a liquid-gas fog

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5799735A true US5799735A (en) 1998-09-01

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/716,165 Expired - Fee Related US5799735A (en) 1994-04-14 1995-04-13 Fire fighting system for discharging a liquid-gas finely divided mist

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US5799735A (zh)
EP (2) EP0755287B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3639305B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100353178B1 (zh)
CN (2) CN1145591A (zh)
AU (1) AU684018B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2184572C (zh)
DE (2) DE69527780T2 (zh)
DK (2) DK1213039T3 (zh)
ES (2) ES2229050T3 (zh)
FI (1) FI98494C (zh)
NO (1) NO313316B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2136339C1 (zh)
WO (1) WO1995028205A1 (zh)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6109359A (en) * 1999-03-23 2000-08-29 Ballard; Paul Corwin Compressed air foam system
US6164381A (en) * 1998-02-02 2000-12-26 Sundholm; Goeran Drive source for feeding extinguishing medium into spray head for extinguishing fire
US6189625B1 (en) 1999-05-06 2001-02-20 Gordon Duane Hopkins Liquid mist fire extinguisher
EP1078653A1 (de) * 1999-08-24 2001-02-28 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Vorrichtung zum Einbringen eines Inertgases in ein Löschmittel
GB2370766A (en) * 2001-01-09 2002-07-10 Kidde Plc Fire and explosion suppression system and method generating a fine mist of liquid suppressant entrained in inert gas
US6422319B2 (en) * 1996-09-06 2002-07-23 Haase, Iii Franz P. Water distribution network for domestic water and fire protection application
WO2002078788A2 (en) 2001-03-29 2002-10-10 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited Fire and explosion suppression
WO2003059453A1 (en) * 2002-01-17 2003-07-24 Marioff Corporation Oy Valve element
WO2003061769A1 (en) * 2002-01-02 2003-07-31 Marioff Corporation Oy Fire extinguishing method and apparatus
WO2003082407A1 (en) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-09 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited Fire and explosion suppression
US20040016552A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2004-01-29 Alden Ozment Method and apparatus for fighting fires in confined areas
US20040075056A1 (en) * 2001-09-25 2004-04-22 Bell Kenneth Frazer High sensitivity particle detection
WO2004045722A1 (en) * 2002-11-18 2004-06-03 Marioff Corporation Oy Method in conjunction with a spraying apparatus, and spraying apparatus
US20040144949A1 (en) * 2001-03-29 2004-07-29 Julian Grigg Fire and explosion suppression
US20050039802A1 (en) * 2003-08-19 2005-02-24 Bluewater Energy Services Bv Fluid transfer interface
US20050224239A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2005-10-13 Alden Ozment Method for fighting fire in confined areas using nitrogen expanded foam
WO2006103364A1 (fr) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-05 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede d'extinction de feu dans un compartiment d'un aeronef
US20070209808A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-09-13 Mark Elliott Floating foam for fire fighting
AU2002241169B2 (en) * 2001-03-29 2008-07-24 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited Fire and explosion suppression
US20080236846A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-10-02 Jonathan Gamble Stationary fire fighting foam system and method
US20100218961A1 (en) * 2007-10-29 2010-09-02 Kiddie IP Holdings, Limited Fire suppression system with freeze protection
US20110042109A1 (en) * 2009-08-19 2011-02-24 Raytheon Company Methods and apparatus for providing emergency fire escape path
US20120012346A1 (en) * 2010-07-14 2012-01-19 Adam Chattaway Odorant for fire suppression system
US9186533B2 (en) 2008-09-15 2015-11-17 Engineered Corrosion Solutions, Llc Fire protection systems having reduced corrosion
US20160236024A1 (en) * 2015-02-18 2016-08-18 Apparatebau Gauting Gmbh Fire protection device and method for fire fighting
US9610466B2 (en) 2009-10-27 2017-04-04 Engineered Corrosion Solutions, Llc Controlled discharge gas vent
US9849318B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2017-12-26 Utc Fire & Security Corporation Fire suppression system with variable dual use of gas source
US9907986B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2018-03-06 Utc Fire & Security Corporation Fire suppression system with dual use of gas source
WO2019032188A1 (en) * 2017-08-07 2019-02-14 Fireaway Inc. WET-DRY FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENT
US10343003B2 (en) * 2014-10-02 2019-07-09 The Boeing Company Aircraft fire suppression system and method

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EP0798019A1 (de) * 1996-03-30 1997-10-01 Minimax GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verdüsung von flüssigem Löschmittel in stationären Löschanlagen
US6044910A (en) * 1997-03-26 2000-04-04 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Mixing device for fluids
WO2001056658A1 (fr) 2000-02-03 2001-08-09 Hatsuta Seisakusho Co., Ltd. Procede d'extinction d'incendie avec du gaz et equipement d'extinction des incendies
RU2478437C1 (ru) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-10 Олег Савельевич Кочетов Газоводяная система пожаротушения кочетова
CN103691085B (zh) * 2013-12-17 2017-01-04 中国科学技术大学 一种洁净化学气体和细水雾联合作用的灭火系统
KR101753809B1 (ko) 2016-09-21 2017-07-05 주식회사 한국전기설계감리기술단 건축물의 전기장치를 이용한 소방 개폐 밸브 감지 스위치
KR101893591B1 (ko) * 2017-05-24 2018-10-04 주식회사 엠티케이방재시스템 내구성과 유지보수의 편의성을 향상시킨 압축공기포 소화장치
DK180767B1 (en) * 2019-12-20 2022-03-01 Dansk Brand Og Sikringsteknisk Inst Dry-riser, dry riser system, and engineering structure comprising the dry-riser
ES1277734Y (es) 2021-06-28 2021-12-07 Perez Jose Fernando Minarro Equipo extintor con nitrogeno liquido

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Cited By (57)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6422319B2 (en) * 1996-09-06 2002-07-23 Haase, Iii Franz P. Water distribution network for domestic water and fire protection application
US6164381A (en) * 1998-02-02 2000-12-26 Sundholm; Goeran Drive source for feeding extinguishing medium into spray head for extinguishing fire
US6109359A (en) * 1999-03-23 2000-08-29 Ballard; Paul Corwin Compressed air foam system
US6189625B1 (en) 1999-05-06 2001-02-20 Gordon Duane Hopkins Liquid mist fire extinguisher
US6981659B1 (en) 1999-05-06 2006-01-03 Gordon Duane Hopkins Liquid mist fire extinguisher
EP1078653A1 (de) * 1999-08-24 2001-02-28 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Vorrichtung zum Einbringen eines Inertgases in ein Löschmittel
GB2370766A (en) * 2001-01-09 2002-07-10 Kidde Plc Fire and explosion suppression system and method generating a fine mist of liquid suppressant entrained in inert gas
GB2370767A (en) * 2001-01-09 2002-07-10 Kidde Plc Fire / explosion suppression agent mixing and discharge system, liquid mist in inert gas suppressant and method of discharge
US7153446B2 (en) 2001-03-29 2006-12-26 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited Fire and explosion suppression
US20040144949A1 (en) * 2001-03-29 2004-07-29 Julian Grigg Fire and explosion suppression
WO2002078788A2 (en) 2001-03-29 2002-10-10 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited Fire and explosion suppression
GB2375047A (en) * 2001-03-29 2002-11-06 Kidde Plc Fire and explosion suppression system
US20070131891A1 (en) * 2001-03-29 2007-06-14 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited Fire and explosion suppression
AU2002241169B2 (en) * 2001-03-29 2008-07-24 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited Fire and explosion suppression
GB2375047B (en) * 2001-03-29 2004-11-10 Kidde Plc Fire and explosion suppression
US20040163825A1 (en) * 2001-03-29 2004-08-26 Dunster Robert George Fire and explosion suppression
US7084401B2 (en) 2001-09-25 2006-08-01 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited High sensitivity particle detection
US20040075056A1 (en) * 2001-09-25 2004-04-22 Bell Kenneth Frazer High sensitivity particle detection
US20050000700A1 (en) * 2002-01-02 2005-01-06 Goran Sundholm Fire extinguishing method and apparatus
WO2003061769A1 (en) * 2002-01-02 2003-07-31 Marioff Corporation Oy Fire extinguishing method and apparatus
WO2003059453A1 (en) * 2002-01-17 2003-07-24 Marioff Corporation Oy Valve element
US7143775B2 (en) 2002-01-17 2006-12-05 Marioff Corporation Oy Valve element
US20050011552A1 (en) * 2002-01-17 2005-01-20 Goran Sundholm Valve element
AU2003201428B2 (en) * 2002-01-17 2008-11-06 Marioff Corporation Oy Valve element
EP2039396A1 (en) * 2002-03-28 2009-03-25 Kidde IP Holdings Limited Fire and explosion suppression
US20050173131A1 (en) * 2002-03-28 2005-08-11 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited Fire and explosion suppression
US8662192B2 (en) * 2002-03-28 2014-03-04 Kidde Ip Holding Limited Fire and explosion suppression
WO2003082407A1 (en) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-09 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited Fire and explosion suppression
US7104336B2 (en) * 2002-07-25 2006-09-12 Alden Ozment Method for fighting fire in confined areas using nitrogen expanded foam
US7096965B2 (en) * 2002-07-25 2006-08-29 Alden Ozment Method and apparatus for fighting fires in confined areas
US20040016552A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2004-01-29 Alden Ozment Method and apparatus for fighting fires in confined areas
US20050224239A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2005-10-13 Alden Ozment Method for fighting fire in confined areas using nitrogen expanded foam
US20060097069A1 (en) * 2002-11-18 2006-05-11 Goran Sundholm Method in conjunction with a spraying apparatus, and spraying apparatus
AU2003282142B2 (en) * 2002-11-18 2010-03-25 Marioff Corporation Oy Method in conjunction with a spraying apparatus, and spraying apparatus
WO2004045722A1 (en) * 2002-11-18 2004-06-03 Marioff Corporation Oy Method in conjunction with a spraying apparatus, and spraying apparatus
US20050039802A1 (en) * 2003-08-19 2005-02-24 Bluewater Energy Services Bv Fluid transfer interface
US20080290216A1 (en) * 2005-03-31 2008-11-27 Stephane Lessi Method for Extinguishing Fire in Aircraft Compartment
WO2006103364A1 (fr) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-05 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede d'extinction de feu dans un compartiment d'un aeronef
US8460570B2 (en) 2005-10-07 2013-06-11 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Floating foam for fire fighting
US20070209808A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-09-13 Mark Elliott Floating foam for fire fighting
WO2008118408A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-10-02 Hypro, Llc Stationary fire fighting foam system and method
US20080236846A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-10-02 Jonathan Gamble Stationary fire fighting foam system and method
US20100218961A1 (en) * 2007-10-29 2010-09-02 Kiddie IP Holdings, Limited Fire suppression system with freeze protection
US8336636B2 (en) 2007-10-29 2012-12-25 Kidde Ip Holdings, Limited Fire suppression system with freeze protection
US9186533B2 (en) 2008-09-15 2015-11-17 Engineered Corrosion Solutions, Llc Fire protection systems having reduced corrosion
US8276680B2 (en) 2009-08-19 2012-10-02 Raytheon Company Methods and apparatus for providing emergency fire escape path
US20110042109A1 (en) * 2009-08-19 2011-02-24 Raytheon Company Methods and apparatus for providing emergency fire escape path
US9610466B2 (en) 2009-10-27 2017-04-04 Engineered Corrosion Solutions, Llc Controlled discharge gas vent
US10420970B2 (en) 2009-10-27 2019-09-24 Engineered Corrosion Solutions, Llc Controlled discharge gas vent
US20120012346A1 (en) * 2010-07-14 2012-01-19 Adam Chattaway Odorant for fire suppression system
US9849318B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2017-12-26 Utc Fire & Security Corporation Fire suppression system with variable dual use of gas source
US9907986B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2018-03-06 Utc Fire & Security Corporation Fire suppression system with dual use of gas source
US10343003B2 (en) * 2014-10-02 2019-07-09 The Boeing Company Aircraft fire suppression system and method
US20160236024A1 (en) * 2015-02-18 2016-08-18 Apparatebau Gauting Gmbh Fire protection device and method for fire fighting
US10058722B2 (en) * 2015-02-18 2018-08-28 Apparatebau Gauting Gmbh Fire protection device and method for fire fighting
WO2019032188A1 (en) * 2017-08-07 2019-02-14 Fireaway Inc. WET-DRY FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENT
US10864395B2 (en) 2017-08-07 2020-12-15 Fireaway Inc. Wet-dry fire extinguishing agent

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CA2184572A1 (en) 1995-10-26
FI941975A (fi) 1995-10-15
NO964356D0 (no) 1996-10-14
CN1145591A (zh) 1997-03-19
NO964356L (no) 1996-10-14
CA2184572C (en) 2005-09-27
CN1623616A (zh) 2005-06-08
FI98494C (sv) 1997-07-10
DE69533679T2 (de) 2005-10-20
ES2229050T3 (es) 2005-04-16
FI941975A0 (fi) 1994-04-28
FI98494B (fi) 1997-03-27
AU2260195A (en) 1995-11-10
NO313316B1 (no) 2002-09-16
JP3639305B2 (ja) 2005-04-20
DE69527780D1 (de) 2002-09-19
AU684018B2 (en) 1997-11-27
DK1213039T3 (da) 2005-02-07
DE69533679D1 (de) 2004-11-25
KR100353178B1 (ko) 2002-12-31
CN100525863C (zh) 2009-08-12
EP1213039B1 (en) 2004-10-20
ES2183871T3 (es) 2003-04-01
DK0755287T3 (da) 2002-12-09
WO1995028205A1 (en) 1995-10-26
EP1213039A2 (en) 2002-06-12
EP1213039A3 (en) 2003-01-22
EP0755287A1 (en) 1997-01-29
JPH09511923A (ja) 1997-12-02
EP0755287B1 (en) 2002-08-14
RU2136339C1 (ru) 1999-09-10
DE69527780T2 (de) 2003-03-13

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