US575256A - Beiel malliary - Google Patents

Description

'(No Model.)

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NITE rArEs LEoNoE- ALFRED GABRIEL MALLIAEY, or EssoNNEs, FRANCE.

CENTRIPETAL TU RBINE.

SPEGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 575,256, dated January 12, 1897.

Application filed June 2, 1896. Serial No. 593,981. (No model.) Patented in France November 13,1894,No. 242,840 in Italy October 16, 1895, No. 39,983/40,839; in Switzerland October 16, 1895, No.12,169,a11d in Austria March 12, 1896, No.

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Be it known that I, LONCE ALFRED GA- BRIEL MALLIARY, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing in Essonnes, Department of Seine and Oise, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Centripetal Turbines, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in France, No. 242,840, dated November 13, 1894; in Italy, No. 39,983/ 40,839, dated October 16, 1895 in Switzerland, No. 12,169, dated October 16, 1895, and in Austria, No. etti/932, dated March 12,1S9G,) of which the following is a specification.

It is well known that centripetal turbines possess the advantage of rotatingwith a maximum of speed and a minimum of friction, which allows them to be worked by any available water-power and to acquire a greater efiiciency than any other turbine. These advantages would make the use of a centripetal turbine preferable to others but for the serious defect of its efficiency only remaining constant when it works at full aperture and rapidly decreasing; when this aperture is reduced.

All systems of fans or vanes having for their object to alter the section of the guides of the distributer without likewise altering to a corresponding degree the capacity of the buckets present certain disadvantages by causing a deviation of the flow, the seriousness of which is great, as it necessarily considerably reduces the efficiency of the turbine, because the relation between the constant section of the buckets and the varying section of the distributer will be continually increasing.

For a turbine to acquire a high efficiency, whatever be the number of inlets, it is there fore necessary to construct it in such a manner that the capacity of the buckets should be always in a constant proportion to the capacity of the distributer as well as to the volume of water employed, and that without in any way altering the arrangement of the in clined guides of the distributor and of the buckets, and therefore without changing the conditions of the water-iiow in these guides. Moreover, the capacity of the buckets ought to be variable at the same time as that of the distributer by means of a simple and easilyoperated mechanism.

By fulfilling these conditions l obtain a tur- ',as a guide or distributer.

bine working always at a full aperture, although the head of water reaching it may vary. The following is a description of the manner in which I obtain this result.

Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a centripetal turbine constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 is a one-half plan of the same, and Fig. 3 is a half-section showing the guides and bucket.

Referring to the drawings, the turbine consists of a movable crown or bucket-wheel A, provided with or fixed to arms B, keyed on a shaft O and turning therewith within a suit able fixed crown D,which is arranged to serve The crown is pro vided with a series of radially-curved partitions d, forming buckets, and the fixed crown or distributer D has a series of radial partitions ag, forming the side walls of passageways leading to the buckets.

Between crowns D and A an adjustable cyn lindrical shield Nslides, which is attached to a cross-bar P by rods O, and which shield allows the water entering the buckets to pass only thro ugh the space between its lower portion and the bottom plate of the guides D. This cylindrical shield N carries on its lower extremity projecting plates d', corresponding in number and shape to the openings of the distributor. The projecting plates d' are arranged to exactly fit these openings, and are curved and of a sufficient length to suitably direct the flow of water without in any way impeding the same.

An inverted cone E is provided on shaft C, capable of sliding vertically thereon. The exterior diameter of this cone E corresponds to the interior diameter of the movable crown A, and its shape is also slightly concave, as shown on the drawings, so as to facilitate the the escape of water into the lower pond or lower casing and thereby avoid eddies. It is provided with metal plates F, corresponding in number and shape to and fitting into the buckets, and is thus caused to rotate with the revolving crown A. These plates F project beyond the circumference of cone E to an extent equal to d b, the depth of the buckets. It will therefore be seen that when the lower part of the cylindrical shield N is arranged IOO opposite the extremities of plates F it will make a partially-closed compartment which direct-s the iiow of water from the distributer to shaft C and restricts the iow to the space or channel included between the plates F and CZ' and the bottom iiange of the distributer.

Plates F, with cone E, may be moved vertically to the full depth of the crown by means of rod or shaft IfI. This rod or shaft I-I is movable in the tubular lower portion of the shaft C and supports cone E by means of a cotter Gr, which can slide freely in longitudinal slots extended outward from the lower and hollow portion of the shaft C, said hollow portion extending downward from the arms B. The lower end of the shaft II is arranged to rcvolve within the center portion of cross-bar I, and the bearing thus formed may be provid ed with lignum-vitae or metal washers II. Immediately above the arms B is arranged a bearing e, within which the shaft C revolves. This bearing is formed in the center of a fixed plate or cover f, to the lower side of which is attached the distributer D. The outer ends of cross-bar I are supported by vertical rods Il, passing through guides M and bolted or otherwise attached to the upper cross-bar P. It will thus be seen that the cross-bars I P, with the connecting-rods L, form a rigid frame within which are situated the crowns A and D, cylindrical. shield N, and the greater portion of the remaining meehanism, which is thus rendered capable of easy transport. To cross-bar P are also attached racks Q Q, with which engage pinions R R, keyed or otherwise attached to a horizontal driving-shaft S, and behind these racks I place guide-rollers g.

Shaft S may be actuated by a crank, a handwheel or other suitable device, whereby the pinions R, engaging with the racks Q, will cause the cross-bar P to be raised or lowered and consequently the cone E and shield N will ascend or descend to a correspondin g degree.

Shaft C is further supported by a sleeve or washer T, attached thereto by a key or similar device U, and the position of T may be regulated by means of a nut V. The lower portion of T may be provided with a hardmetal or lignum-vitae bearing-piece X, and I may introduce ball-bearings Y between this bearing-piece X and a second bearing-piece Z, inserted in plate or cover c. This plate c sustains the shaft and the turbine and may be placed upon a timber or other supportingframe. It is also provided with a bridge cl, furnished with bearings for centering and retaining the turbine-shaft.

My improvements may be applied to either vertical or horizontal turbines, with or without a cistern or tank, but in the case of horizontal turbines ballbearings may be dispensed with.

What I claim isl. A centripetal turbine, comprising a bucket-wheel having water-passages, a cone provided with plates projecting out in the passages of the said bucket-wheel, the said cone being adjustable vertically within said bucket-wheel and rotating therewith, a distributer encircling said bucket-wheel and having water-passages arranged opposite those of the bucket-wheel, a shield having plates projecting within the passages of the distributer and registering with the plates carried by the said cone, and means for moving said cone and shield, whereby the plates carried thereby are adjusted in unison, substantially as specified.

2. A centripetal turbine, comprising a rotary shaft, a crown or bucket-wheel mounted to rotate therewith, a fixed distributer surrounding the bucket-wheel and having passages for directing water to the buckets, a frame movable longitudinally of the shaft, a cylindrical shell supported from one end of said frame and having plates to engage in the passage-ways of the distributer, an inverted cone supported from the opposite end of the said frame and movable longitudinally on the said shaft, the said cone being provided with plates fitting in the buckets of the said bucket-wheel and means for moving said frame longitudinally of the shaft, substantially as specified.

In a centripetal turbine, the combination with a rotary shaft having a tubular end, of a crown or bucket-wheel mounted to rotate with said shaft, a fixed distributer surrounding said bucket-wheel and having passages for directing water to the buckets, a frame movable longitudinally on the rotary shaft, a cylindrical shell supported from one end of said frame and having plates to engage the passage-ways of the distributer, a rod supported from the other end of said frame and movable longitudinally in the tubular end of the said rotary shaft, a cone mounted to slide on the rotary shaft and movable with the said rod, the said cone being provided with plates fitting into the buckets of the said bucketwheel, and means for moving the said frame longitudinally of the rotary shaft, substantially as shown and described.

4. A turbine, comprising the bucket-wheel having water-passages, the distributer encircling the bucket-wheel and having waterpassages, a cylinder fitting between said wheel and distributer and having plates projecting outward within the passages of the distributer, a cone in the wheel provided with plates projecting out in the passages of said wheel and registering with the plates in the passages of the distributer, and means for adjusting said cone and cylinder, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' LONCE ALFRED GABRIEL MALLIARY.

Witnesses:

CHARLES DoUY, CLYDE SHRoPsHIRE.

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