US1583415A - Hydraulic turbine - Google Patents

Description

Feten-tied.v May 4, 1926.y

Uiuii'luA STATES L EWIEIFERBY-MOOD-Y, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYL'V-AHI..

. ammonio romania.

Appncaaoi'mea :une as, 191s. serial ng. 242cm.

provide an improved'h draulic turbine that shall be Well adaptedor operation at vhigh 1s ificxspeed under rcomparatively low head. another object has to do with regulat the flow of water through such a turl'aiheJMThese and various other objects of my invention 4will become apparent on consideration ofa disclosure of a limited number of 20 specific' forms in which-the invention may be embodied as set 'forth ,in the following s ciication taken with the accompanying awings..-It will be understood that fur-` thefmodifcations than those shown in the drawings can be made that will fallwithin the scope of my invention. f Referring to the drawings, f .v

Fig. 1. is an axial section .of a vertical shaft turbine embodying my invention;v

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line 2, 3 of Fig. 1, the plunger gate being removed;

Fig. 2a is a section corresponding to Fig. .2 but showing a modification.

the same line .but on a reing 14. `The upper bearing 12 is in a frame' 13 extending across the pit, and' thelower bearing 14, which is of lignum vitae, is set in-the apex of the conical member 15 which" rests on the concrete base 16.

The cylihdrical frame 17 linesthe pit and i carries'a circular bronze bushing 18 at its lower' end. `The smaller co-axial cylinder 19 hafngs from a flange 2Q which rests on the lede21'." At its lwer endfthe cylinder 19 we o l of which Se' n extgrnalcirculaifbronze gine.l Anotherobject of my invention is to' Fig. 3 is a more extended section vthan in sed across by the conical'wallf 22, at the bushing 24. Between the bushing members 394115. LPATeNr orifice.

18 and 24 is the movable cylinder 25 having f the ange 26' at its upper end ca ing a bronze bushing 27 in engagement with the inside face vof the c lindrical well 17 The cylinder 25 is close across at the two-tiem by the flatly conical wall 23 whichhas a hole at the center with a bushing 29 on the inside face thereof. The wall 22carries' a sleeve s 23 with packing aroundV the shaft i1 and from this sleeve 23 extendsa tube imag/itil a clearance 31 around the shaft 11;. busi ing 29 engages the outer surface ofthe tube' r 3 0. Holes 32 in the'conical wall 28 provide for an approximate .equilibrium of .fluid pressure on both sides of said wallA 23.

The cylindrical liner 17 is supported by the circumferential row of guide varies 33 which stand' on the ring`35. This ring 35 carries a bronze seat 36 adapted-to he engaged b `the bushing 34 around the outside lower e ge of the plun er 28--25. Standing up from the base 41 o? vanes 40 which carry al crown rin 39 on which rests the lbase. iiange 38 or" t e ring 35, and the exposed Surfaces ofthe ring 35 and crown ring 39 forma surface' 'of revon lu-tion gradually curving andA flaring downu wardand outward lfrom a point of minimum diameter adjacent the 'runner 45.

Ports 37 and 37. in' wall 1'? may admit pressure iiuid to act against annular piston 26, or may exhaust such pressure fluid as the case may be.

The water flows to the turbine through the conduit 42 and enters the contracting volute 'inflow passage 43 so that it is delivered with a whirling motion and with increasing velocity to the varies 33. These Vanes 33 function both as guide yenes and' stay vanes. They are inclined tocorrespond ing Aradii as shown in Figs. 2 arid 3 and in the particular form shown inA this'drawiug" are more nearly perpendicular to said radii at their lower ends than at their upper ends and change their inclination gradually loetween the two extremes. See also .F ig. l,

rwhere the reference character 33 indicates" a single vane as seen 1n elevation. In the.

face of the cylindrical plunger 25 when the latter is lowered to make the bushing 34 en 2me the @mi sa.

the conc 15 are stay sand or other foreign meti/er in that bearing.

Tine space to which the guide venes fieiiver the Water is designeiied sie and. beiovv this are the' runner venes 4:5 carried by the sbatll. As the water leaves the runner venes 45 it enters ibo space 46 around the apex of elle cone l and passes between the. stay venes 4G io the volute discharge cl1ember 7. The venes 4:0 ere primeriiy stay Messie plunger gelte 28--25 wiil have about the osil tion shown in Fig. l and Will be raise( for an oneri-ced or lowered or a partmlrload.

When it is lowered itdecreases the annular iniow opening ico che space fili defined by che venes, but are placed' at e suitable angle-iok inner @ges oi the venes 33. As described corresponding radii so 'to oifer e minimum y resistance to the Weer, which traverses the chamber i6 with a. whirling movement.

IFriese"venes e() are preferably twisted some what iiice be intake guide venes 33 but more nearly perpendicular to reii et their upper end; than et their lower ends. See Fig. fi and also reference character 40 '1n Fig. l Where e single vane appears in elevetion. The volute conduit 47 receives this Water iii this neural Wbiriing direction and .conducts it in perle of expanding/crosssection so as everywhere to reduce its veloc- 1 ity and deliver alie inegral sireenito the culation of cooling Water outiow conduit 48.

@flee-pipey 49 conciucs Water from tbe iniow conduites? and cerises it to iioiv into the lower end 'of tbe bearing 14 end upward through 'ebe\beering, time furnishing e cirliroug'n elle beerm ing and out, preventing any accurnuistion oi The Water ioving izo the turbine through the conduit i2 enters the volute iniiow chembjer 43ywhere ii is acceleratefi, its potential energy being converted into kinetic energy of Whirl es itis delivered through the guide venes 33 to the space 4e beneath the conical v Wall 2810i the piunger gate E28-25. This y whirling water engeges the venee451tbere'by :impressingy e torque on the shaft il' end ceusin As t e Water. leaves the runner vane/s end entersw'the'spece 46, it may retain some l 1 .degree of whirling velocity. In the expanl, in?. volutechamber 47 Jeliis whirling velocity wi l be transformed int-o pressure head by the reduction of velocity/dueto increasing cross Section5 and to ibis extent beck pressure will be taken orf from ilse cbamber, increasing 'the 'portion of tbe totai .li'eed which. iseliective upon the runner/i5.

As the Water passes the venes 33, iis direction of How is mede up oi two .compoA nents,4 one radially in'wzird, the ciber' igbiriing, hence according ^io the commonly used iorxn of expression, ther-eis e redini inward iioW 'at 4ibis place. `Wl1ere the Water engages and passes the runner venes the. compo- .nenes oi direction ofiiow are paralisi io jthe' axis and whirling, hence bere elle How is 'seid to be ariel. Where liey water ciepars -pest the venes wine direcion components are radially outward and Wliii'iing, hence iere the 4flow is seid to be e radial outward it io' rotate emi to develop power.4

heretofore, the guide venes 33 may be formed so .time the pessages between them are of a. section varying from top to bottom. As

shown in the drawings, pericularlyig. 2,

he inrfiow openinffs .between consecutive vines decrease in 'Width from the top to tbe bottom and tbe angie or admission of the water in relation io corresponding radii increases from the top to the bottom. The purpose' in admitting the Water more nearly in e.' radial direction et the top is because this Water composee the upper strem elements entering lie center portion of the' runner :it normal gate operation (see'Fig. l) The Weteris admitted moreneerly in a tznzigeniiel direction. at the .bottom of the venes and'thus is given a large amount of whirl about the exis of tliejrunner sind employed.' ani in' escldition thereis given a reduction 'in rlie ex'nil width of-tlieencrance space es the gate is closed..

ing, tbe guiing surface 28 in contact with the Weer'io'wing io .fthe runner is shaped as' e'compziretivel` Hetv cone, having but little curvature in .i e portion neer the axis-s.'

viewed -in cross-section By avoiding Lan .exiei elongation of this Weli'such as'wouloi be required to guide the Water into the axial direction along a surface o .curved crosssection, itis possible to reduce the iste-nce et Which-tbe runnermus; be placed below the guide venev oriiices to e closed. The Weiser in' ihegsp'ace 44 is permitted ro follow its own fires path." 'The l form of the Warez passa/gie tween the guide vanesend the-runner is consistem', with non-turbulent strfm .line How,

and in agreement'l with hydrodynamic principles. The Water from tbe inflow chamber .42, 43 is directed radiniiyanni axially with e proper component of whiriinto'the transi- -hus provided bevin ibo form .of plunger shown in the drank,..-

permit :the plunger to.

rien space fili Where it is rensformed into a..

singie meeting axially progressing stream. Thenpper eiements more remote froni'tlie runner are. carried more' nearly central. l Y J I I i s a When twisted guide vanes are used, as in the arrangement shown in Figs. l, 2 and 3, the upper` elements are carried with a smaller velocity of whirl while the lower, nearer elements of the stream are carried at higher peripheral velocity and intermediate points merge between the two, There are no crossings in the stream lines and eddies and cross currents are avoided. The stream as a wholeI in this transition' is formed into a solid whirlin mass directed axially against the runner in a most efficient manner. v In regulation the guiding end'of the gate follows' the-inflow, varying the transition'space to meet the changes in flow and maintaining alwaysA conditions approaching maximum efciency.

The annular space 46 is contained between the flaring conical core or cone 15 and the outer surface of revolution formed bythe exposed sur-facesof ring and crown ring 39. In this space 46 the flow passes from the runner 45 to the discharge passage 47. The

cuter-wall formed by rings 35, 39 is therefore a draft tube flaring downward andeutward to a maximum at its outlet end where it discharges into the discharge 47. -The outwardly flaring form of this draft tube Wall permits it to discharge into the space 47 within a short distance; from the runner 45 so that the draft tube is'of comparatively short length; iiitoit the central core 15ex tends from below, that is from the Adirection of its' flared youtlet end, and the core 15 is disposed centrally in the draft tube and terminates close to the center ofthe runner 45. In the annular space 46 between the outer draft tube surface and the inner core 15 the flow passing from the runner to discharge vspace 47 'is in the form of'a hollow annular column around the central core 15 and ex panding in cross sectional area in the direction of flow.

The raising of the gate 28-25 is accom-- plished by the admission of pressure 4fluid through port 37 below the annular piston 26 risk of breakage from trash, ice, or other" obstructions is greatly reduced; and it rca-l sonably assured that the gates can easily be closed at any time without obstruction from.r accumulated trash. This form of gate provides for much tighter closure than is possible with Wicket gates, the bushing 34 engag the base 4 ing the seat 36 toeffect 'a tight closure, so that it will notY ordinarily benecessary to close the head gates across the conduit 4 2 or to employ brakes to stop the turbine after the turbine gate is closed,

Among the advantages of my improved construction, in addition to the simplification and certainty of operation of the regulating gate are the following. A simpler form of runner rvane surface can be used than in other types of high speed .turbines and this gives an advantage in design and manufacture. The "runner can be made of lighter Weight than in other types of turbines, thus reducing the weight of the rotating parts and reducing the load on the thrust bearing. Only a comparatively small number of vanes are necessary in the runner.

vThe spaces between'the runner-vanes may be large so as toreduce therisk ofvclogging by trash. The blades of the runner have rela`4 tively'sniall inclination with relation to a radial plane, that is a plane perpendicular 'to the axis, and they have a relatively large inclination to a meridian plane, that is, a plane .containing the axis. The edge of the runner blade is an inclined line, the vertical'. component of which `isfshown in Fig. 1, lWhile its horizontalA extent is shown in the remaining figures, soathat its vertical extentie much less than its horizontal extent, and the generahplane of the blade sav has an inclination to a radial plane,'which Vis less than that to a meridian plane.

`I desire to direct attention tothe manner in which the construction shown in l supportsthe various elements. The pit liner `o1 cylinder17 stands on the circularly arranged vanes '33, which vfrom lthis point of view serve as stayvanes. These stay vanes 33 vstand on the' ring 3.5 which in turn rests on the crown ring 39, andthis is supported' by the stayL vanes' 40 which stand on of the cone'15 upon thevconcretebase 6.

In the mdification shown in Fig. 5, the shaft is horizontal and the gate is on the dischar e side ofl the runner. The horizontal sha t 51 is'in the bearing'52 supportedv inthe fixed cylinder 54which has its flange 55 bolted to the 'liner 56v supported in the concrete structure 57. Another bearing is provided in the head 59 supported'by the vanes 6G in the casing 61. 'v Theshaft 51 carries the runner vanes 63. yVVter enters through the conduit 62 from the right and is given a whirling! motion by'lthe vanes 60 which are curved for this pvapose, y. The

velocity is also'incre'ased by the convergence of the passage within the casing. 61. The runner vanes 63 are of the same general design as the runner vanes 45 in Fig.' 1,. y

At its end the cylinder 56. carries a ring 65 extending from which are the lstay vanes 6'8 with their 4opposite ends connected with lil) @the ringl which isjb'ltfed to thecasing 61.,

vcylindrical surface 69 andthe endo the cylinder 69 has a piston-flange 71 with a bronze bushing 72 engaging the inner face .of thecylindri'cal ,liner 56. The tube 73 is supported from the Wall 53 with a slight clearance 74 around the shaft 51 and the end -Wall ,76 has a bronze bushing 77 engaging the outer surface of the tube 7 3., A bronze seat and bushing are also shown at 7,5 to

v facilitate a tight closure oi the gate.

In the modificationj Figure 5, there is no perforation in the head '76 (such as at 32 in the head 28 in Fig. l), so that head'76 is subject at all times to the pressure at the left of runner 63, Whatever that pressure may be.- Pressure fluid admitted through `port 78 acts'on the annular piston 71 and is supplemented by the pressure on head 7 6 'utilized to operate the gate.

to move the gate to the left. On the con- 'traryitohclose the gate, pressure fluid is admitted throu h port 78 andvacts tothe rightlon the w ole annular piston 71-76 between cylinder wall 56 and sleeve 73. 'Whenvpressure lluid is admitted at one port 78 01:78', it lis exhausted at the other port 78v 63x78. The pressure of the Water in the penstock may under suitable conditions be` In both` types of turbine here shown, the plunger gate is arranged so' that it may readily be Withdrawn in an axial direction for purposes of replacementJ or repair without disturbing the parts set in the concrete. Re-

ferring to Eig. 1, such Yremoval of the plunger gate -28 may readily be etl'ected'b removing the cover casting 19, together wit the parts attached to it, namely, the 'bearing frame I3 and the sleeve 30. These parts Imight be 'arranged to 'be removed over the upper end of the'shaft ll, leaving the shaltl an runner" in place,.or the shaft and runl ner Athemselves could be Withdrawn. In any case the pitI liner 17 with the speed vanes 33, 'the liner 35 and the bushing 36 would not be disturbed, norivould the drafttube stay l .vane structure comprising the vanes 495iL need to be disturbed, nor the lower guide bearing' 14.. 'Y

. I `claiin:- I v l. In' a hydraulic turbine, a runner of axial'ow type', a radial flow .conduit at one end of said runner and coaxial there-v with, and a co-axialcylir'idrical gate across -said conduit. v V f in which said thereto.

means axial flow t pe, a. radial flow conduit at one end of sai runner and coaxial therewith, a co-axial cylindrical gate across said`conduit, and vanes across said radial flow conduit outside said gate and adjacent therelto when the gate 1s in its closed position.

4, In a hydraulic turbine, a runner of axial flow type, a radial flow conduit at one end of said runner ,and Vcoagi'al therevwith, a co-axial cylindrical gate across said conduit, and vanes across said radial flow conduit outside said gate and adjacenththereto Whenthe gate is in its closed position, said gate'having a wall across its end...

5. In a hydraulic turbine, a runner'of axial flow type, a. radial flow" conduilifat one end of lsaid runner and coaxial therewith, and a co-axial cylindrical gate across said conduit having a closing wall formed as a surface. of revolution across its end.

6. In a hydraulic turbine, a runner of axial flow type, a radialiow conduit at one end of saidl runner and coaxial therewith, a (xo-axial cylindrical gate across said conduithaving a wall across its end, and guiding means at the entrance to said conduit, outside of said cylindrical gate in its closed position.

7. In' a hydraulic turbine, a rlmner of axial How type, aradial flow conduit at one end of said runner and coaxialtherewith,.a

co-axial cylindrical gate across said conduit, an annular piston extending from said cylindrical gate and a lixed hydraulic cylinder iston can operate.v e". In a Ahydraulic turbine, a runnerf'of axial flow type', a radial flow conduit at one `end of said runner and coaxial therewith and a co-axial cylindricalgatel across said conduit, said conduit being of' expanding crosssection across the stream elements for sections moreand more remote from the runner. 5 l. 4 9. In a hydraulic turbine, a runner of axial. flow type, a radial flow conduit at one end of said runner and co-axial therewith, and a co-axial cylindrical gate Aacross Asaid conduit, said conduit being in the form o a volute of expanding'cross sectionggfror sections ymore and more remote from tlerunner. l0. In a hydraulic' turbine, `a runner of axial flow type comprising unshrouded run-f,A Iner vanes fixed on said shaft and aplungerv gate coaxial with said runner, said -plungerl gate being substantially cylindrical and haw ing a transverse end Wall and being movable along the axis tov control the water supply iii. In a turbine, 'a of arial l lc.vv tuie comprising unshrouded runner vanesiixed on said shaft, a co-axial ravdialicw conduit atone end of said runner and a coaxial. cylindrical gate' across said longitudinally with respect to the axis to regulate the flow. through the runner, a coaxial hydraulic cylinder and an annular i iiange on .said gate within serving as e. piston.

i4. In a hydraulic turbine, a'runner, a

said cylinder cylindrical gate co-axial therewith and movablelongitudinally tojopen or closed position, an annular ange on said gate to serve i as a' piston, a'iined cylinder and corresponding cylinder heads around said iston, and ports at lthe ends of said cylin er for the admission or exhaust of pressure fluid.

In s. .hydraulic turbine,a runner of axial new type, a conduit leading to the runner, means in said conduit to give the ,Water a whirling, approach 'to the runner with increasing velocity, a' conduit leading away from the runner, means to guide the' water in a whirling direiztion'v in said last named conduit and with decreasing velocity,

l type, and a coaxial cylin rioa'l one of said conduits bei gate across said radial low conduit.

16. In a hydraulic turbine, a runner ofaridi flow t pe, a radial how -c ond'uit at one end of vsai runner and coaxial therewith, and fined twisted venes aroundtne axis par! "9" 5- adel therewith and across the conduit." i

i7. in e. hydrauliey turbine, a ruxiiicgiofY arial new type, a radial-How conduit, at one` endof seid runner and' coaxialtherewith, twisted vanes around the axis parallel tiierewith and across the conduit, "and a icoaxial cylindricsig@ within said vane's.'

f-n a hydraulic turbine, 'a runner of arial flow t a radial dow conduit 'stone 'at points more remote andiix'ecl twisted radial ilow vanes around closed. by a casing and coluprisiiig,*eJ radiallflow portion, anaxial owportion, 'and transition space surrounding the commenti,

anldimcans around said gate 'to turn the te axial; inward iiow guide vanesin'saidradialiiow portion, an axial flow runner in of radial flow@ 25. A hydraulic turbine having a gate in runner and coaxial therewith,

beingaxially movable Within said guide gate forming a boundary wall for said tranl the gate can b e lremoved from AWithin' said casing member.

21. In a hydraulicturbine, an axial flow runner,'radial dow guide vanes, and a flatly conical deflector to engage and deect waterA flowing through and between said runner and vane's.

22,. Ina hydraulic turbine, an axial flow runner, radial flow. guide vanes,land a atly conical deflector adjustable longitudinally with respectto the .runner axis and adapted to engagefand deiiect water ilowing through and between said runner and vanes.

In a hydraulic turbine, an axial flow portion, a co-axial radial flow portion, a transition space interposed between them and a coaxial cylindrical plunger gate having a head which forms a boundary wall for 'said transition space.

24. A'hydraulic turbine having a gate in the form of cylinder with an end wall rigidly united tzliereto and formed as' a surface of revolution, said gate being capable of regulatingthe .w through the turbine by opening or closin with axial movement, and inward flow guik e vanes surrounding said gateand-closely' adjacent thereto.

the form of a j cylinder with an end Vwall rigidly united thereto and formed as a sur- 'f'ace A'of revolution, said gate being vcapable `of regulating the How' through the turbine byjopening or closing with axial movement.

fceof revolution said gate being axially `movable*within said guide vanos.

27.- A hydraulic turbine having-inward How guide vanes and a regulatinggate in ner venes-fixed on lsaid shaft a pluri er gatey .coaxial with'said runner an movab e along iool '.--26JA hydraulic turbine having inward rliowguidervanes and a regulating gate in `the forni of a' cylinder and an end wall rigidly. united thereto and formed as a surthe :axis to control the water supply thereto,

water into ,a direction having a tangential component on its way to the runner.

im said axial flow portion, and a coaxial plunger .29. The method of utilizinglthe energy of 13 axis and. free from engagement with the fruiiaa'eaais Water iinder head which consists in directing means for guiding the dow inwardly to-I its flowdnwardly and'axially andwith ward an airis, means for turning the iovv whirling component varying at diiiierent toward the axial in a transition space, and parts of the stream, forming lt in't'o asingle means for .moving one of the surfaces of rotating axially advancing st zeani, directing saidftransitionspace to vary the size of said this stream against asuitahle runner, abtransition to control the flow 'there- Asorbing a part only of the `Whirl energy by through.

the runner, and absorbing another substan- 36. Vlna hydraulic turbine the combination tial lpart. ofthe Whirl energy ci' the Water with an unshrouded propeller type runner after leaving the runner by reducing its receiving theloivin a nearly axialdirecvelocity by expanding ies cross section. tiomof an 'intake passage guiding the dow 30. In a hydraulic turbine, the vcornoinainwardly and with a 'whirl around the anis, tion with an axial runiier'chainber, .and e meanslorming a transition space guiding coaxial radial inflow chamber, of an interthe flow from said inwardlydirectedintake mediate transition space directly connecting dtoI said runner, and an axially movable gabeln said chambers, ieans for guiding the llow moving across said transition space to coninto said transition space so that it Will form trol the flow. u

a whirling axially progressing stream in 87. In .i hydraulic machine the combinasaid axial runner chamber, and means for tion with a i'otoigof a passage communicat- Inoving. a Wall of' said transition space to ing with said motor comprising radial andl control the yflow therethrough. axial flow portions connected by Va transi-v 31. In a hydraulic turbine the combination with a contracting volute inflow pasbounded by a surface connecting said radial sage directing the flow inwardly at an angle and axial flow portions, and means vfor relato the radii of a, central axis', a transition tively moving the bounding surfaces of said space receiving said flow and turning it transition space to expand or contract the from radial to axial, a substantially axial latter and to control the flow through said flow runner adapted to abstract only a porrotor. tion of the Whirl from'the flow, a radially 38.

ating'the flow so esto convert the velocityl tlhe flow thereto comprising an entrance head of both. meridian and whirling comspace one side of which forms a surface curvponents'into edec'tive pressure head. nig from the radial to the'axial direction,

32. Ahydraulic turbine structure compris` and means for relatively moving the sur. ing a fixed cylindrical liner tube, a movable laces of said entrance space to expand or yplunger gate within said tube, a central rocontract the latter and control the ilow tatable runner shaft, a cover plate, and prcs- .through said turbine. sure means between said liner tube and v.39. ln a hydraulic tiirbinethey combinasaid plate for moving said gate, said liner tion with a runner and guide varies Ain adtube being greater .in diameter than any of rance of the runner, oi a contracting insaid movable parts and 'said cover being den iiow passage so formed at' its 4lower surface tachable to permit 'easy removal of all oi as to direct the flow to the guide vanos in said movable parts.Y v directions contained in a plane normal to 38. ln a hydraulic turbine a runner, a the turbine and inline with the lower cylindrical .plunger gate around the runner edge or said guide venes. f

110. in' a hydraulic"turbine the combinaner, a fixed casing .ember Within vhich` tion with a runner and guide vanes in adsuch gate may be rec-iprocatcd in the direc `rance of the runner, ot a. cor racting intion ofthe axis and a headcover letachably flow passage so foi-ined at its lower surface connected across said casing member beyond as to direct the'v l'iow to the guide vanes rathe gate from therunner, whereby the gator dially inward in directions contained in a may be removed from the casing upon ren plane normal to the turbine axis and in line moval of said. head cover. Y

34;. ln a hydraulic turbine the coiiibinasaid inflow beimif adaptedv to impart tion with a runner, ci' an intake passage 'for to the entering flow Wnirjl around the axis thev flow thereto comprising an entrance of the runner.

space in advance of said runner, and means for relatively moving the surfaces ot said ciiturbine having a, radial entrance flow pastrance space to expand or contract thc latter sage and means for turning the flow toward and control the flow through said turbine, an axial direction, oi 'an axial flow uncomprising an annular plunger and fluid shrouded runner vwith blades overlapping to pressure operated means for moving said a small extent so as to have a blade area plunger. equal to the disk arca of the runner viewed Apparatus for regulating vthe flow in a direction alongthe axis. through a hydraulic turbine comprising The. combination with al hydraulic turtion space at least one side of which is-A n a hydraulic turbine the combina. expanding annular outflow passage decelertion with a runner, of an intake passage for my ieu ion

'with the lower edge of said guide vanes,

iso*

4l. The combinatidn with al hydraulic' iai binel having a radial entranceflow passage and means for turning the flow toward an' axial direction, Vof an axial flow unshrouded runner with blades overlap ing to a small extent so as to have a bla e area equal to` the disk area of the runner viewed ina direction along the a'xis the runner blades having an--inclination to a radial plane less than the inclination of said blades to a meridian plane".A f 43.' The combination with ahydraulic turbine having'a radialentrance flow passage and means for turning-the ilcw toward an axial direction, oan axial flow unshrouded runner with blades overlapping to a small -extent so as to have a blade area equal to the disk area of the runner viewed in a direction along the axis, thel runner blades having an y inclination `to a radial plane less than 30.

4:4. In a hydraulic turbine yan Aentrance conduit comprising a radial ow inlet portransition space extending from said radialI viiow portion to a point in said axial flow por. tion beyond the inlet thereof and Iin which the flow changes from'radial to .axial andV axially advances, and an unshrou'ded axial flow runner with bladesv overlapping to a small extent' so as to have a blade area equal to the disk area of 'the runner viewed in a direction along the axis.

46. In a hydraulic turbine, a conduit 'ena closed. by a casing and comprising a radial flow inlet portion .having guide vanes therein, and an axial flow. portion, a vane-free transition space extending from sai radial flow portion to a point in said axial flow ortion beyond the inlet thereof and i'. the flow' changes from radial to axial land axially-advances, an axial'llow runner axially beyond said point in said laxial fi'ow portion, and adapted to discharge the flow with a whirl, and a draft tube receiving the flow from said runner and adapted to convert toi both axial and whirling-velocity components of the dischar e into pressure head.

47. The met od of utilizing the energy ofV Water under head which consists in directing its flow inwardly from all sides so that the water in a plane normal toa common axis and at all pointsequidistant from that-axis has a radial component and a whirling component Aof substantially :constant value,

` head in a suitable draft tube.

ping to a small extent viewed in a direction soligl V 'alo g the axis, lthriugh a suitab e runner so that said stream which 'whirling about and; advancing along said axis', .passing this stream axially through 70 `a suitable runner adapted'to discharge vthe flow with a whirl and converting both the` axial and. whirling velocity components. of. the discharge from the runner into pressure 48. The method of utilizing the energy of Water under head which consists in directing its How .inizvardlyv from vall sides so that the water in a plane normal to a common axis'and a'tall that axis hasv a ra ial component and, a whirling component of substantially con- .of stant value, changing the radial components to axial direction but preserving therwhirling vcomponent'so as to produce a Asolid 85 streaml whirling about said axis,l then advancing said solid stream along said axis, passing thii streamy axially through a suitable runner so that said'- stream will WhirlI as it leavesthe runner and converting both o the'axial and'whirling velocity components of thedischarge from the runner into pressure head in a suitable draft tube.

i 4Q. The method of utilizing the energy ofl water ,under head. which consists in directing-Hits flow inwardly'from alll sides with radial and whirling components with re- *.speGt-to a -common axis, changing the radial components to axial direction but preserving the whirling componentvso as to produce a stream Whirlingabout and ladvancing assing this vstream axially willwhirl as'it leaves the runner and conver, ing both l`the axial and whirling velocity 105 co ponents of the dischargefrom the runner intopressure head in a suitable draft tube.

50. 'lhe method of utilizing Vthe energy of i vwater under head' whichconsists in directing its flow inwardly from allsides with radial and whirling components with respect .to I

a commony axis, changing the radial components 'to' axial direction but preseiying they" whirling component so as to predice a lsolid"y stream `i'vhirlingabout the axis, than adva-no-v 1112i ing saidfsolid stream Qalon'g the axis, passing y' this stream ,axially through ak suitable runner so-thatl said stream will\whirl as it leaves the runner and converting-both theaxialland whirling Avelocity components of the discharge from'therunner into pressure headin a suitable draft tube.

' 5l, lThe method of utilizing the energy of water under hea-d which comprises, directing a stream of water inwardly from all sides with radialand whirling components with respect to a common axis, changing the radial components to axial direction but preserving if whirling component so as to produce a smid whirlingl stream, then ad- V30 Apoints tequidistant from 30' ponents of the discharge from the runner into pressure head in a suitable draft tube. 52. .The method of utilizing the energy of water under head which-comprises, directinga stream of water-inwardly from all sides towards a common axis so that the water in a. plane 'normal to said common axis. and a't all points equidistant from said axis has a definite angular direction of flow with radialand whirling components changing the radial components to axial direction but preserving the whirling compo- Anent so as to produce a solid stream whirling about and advancing along said axis, passing this stream axiallylthrough a suitable runner so that said stream willwhirl as it leaves therunner and converting both the vaxial and whirling Velocity components of the discharge from the runner into pressure head in a suitablel draft tube.

53. The method of utilizing the energy of water under head which comprises, directing a stream of water inwardly from all sides towards a common axis so that the water in a plane normal to said common axis and at all points equidistant from said axis has a definite angular direction of flow with radial and whirling components, changing the radial components to axial direction but preserving the whirling component so as to produce a solid stream whirling about said axis, then advancing said solid stream along said axis, passing this stream axially through aisuitable ru'nner so that said stream will Whirl as it leaves the runner and converting both the axial and whirling velocity components of the discharge from the runner into pressure hea'd in a suitable draft tube. A

54. In a hydraulic-turbine of high specific speed,` in combination withy an intake largest diameter of the runner and bladesy overlapping when viewed 1n the direction adapted to impart a whirl -to the flow and deliver it axially to the runn'e'L-fof an axial flow runner having not more than six blades overlapping when viewed in the direction of the axis, a substantial portion of the entrance and discharge edges of said blades beinglshaped as straight lines.

55. n a hydraulic turbine of high specific speed,` in combination with an intake adapted to impart a whirl to the flow and 'deliver it axially to the runner, of an axial iow runner having a hub less than half the of the axis, the entrance and discharge edges of each blade being joined to the blade tips by continuous curves.

l 56. In a hydraulic turbine of high specific speed, in combination with an` intake being curved in axial projection.

` axial 59. n a hydraulic turbine of high specificv adapted-to impart a whirl-to the ilow andi' the entrance and discharge edges of said.

blades being shaped as straight lines, and a substantial portion of the tip of each blade 57, In a hydraulic turbine of high specific speed the combination with adapted t0 impart a whirl to the flow and deliver it in generally axial direction to the runner, of an unshrouded axial fow runner,

\ having a small number of blades of a relatively large amount of area, so that the blades overlap through at least a part of their length, the blades being inclined forward so that inthe portions near their tips they make a relativelyY small angle with a plane normal to the axis, so that the outer half of thebladc occupies a width in meridianprojection less than half the width in axial projection. l

'58. ln a hydilaulic turbine of high specific speed the combination with an intake adapted to impart a whirl to the flow and deliver it in generally axial direction to therunner, of an unshrouded axial flow runner, having not more than six blades of a rela tively large amount of area, so that the blades overlap through at least a' part of their length, the blades being inclined forward so that inthe portions near their tips they-make a relatively small angle with a planenormal to the axis, so thatthe outer half of the blade occupies a width in meridian projection less than half the width in rojecti-on.

speed the combination with. an intake adapted to impart a whirl tothe flow and deliver itin generally axial direction to the runner, of an unshrouded axial flow ruuner, having a hub with a diameter 1'ess than half the largest diameteroi the runner and fa ,small number of blades of a relatively v large amount of area, so that the blades overlap through at least-'a part of their length, the blades being inclined forwardy so that in `the portions near their tips they make a relatively small angle with a plane normal tothe axis, so that the outer halt of the blade occupies a width in meridian projection less than half the width in axial projection. Y

60. In a hydraulic turbine the combinataion with an entrance passagev'adapted to impart a whirl to the flow and guide it in an intake' 'lill an axial direction with radially inward components, of a Tunnel' having not more than six blades with an area not less than the disk arca. of the runner and receiving said entrance lipw axially.

61. In a hydraulic' turbine the co'inbiiia-Y tion Withan entrance passage adapted to im" part a Whirl to the How and guide it in an axial direction Withy radially vinward coinponents, of a runner having not more than six'blades with an 'area not less than the disk area of the runner and receiving said.

entrance ow axiallyand discharging said flow substantially axially.

.62'. In a hydraulic turbine theV combination with an entrance passage adapted to ceiving said entrance fioW `axially and discharging said flow substantially axially,

64. In a hydraulic turbine the combination with an entrance passage adapted to u impart a Whirl to the i'low and guide it inl an axial direction with radially inward components, ot a runner having not more than six blades with an area notv less than the disk area o'tl the runner and receiving said entrance iou' axially and a discharge passage receiving the discharge `from said runner and decelerating it ybetween coaxial surfacesot' revolution.

G5. In a hydraulic turbine of high spe-'1 citic speed the cfrihiiiation With-an intake" 'having means to impart a Whirl to the ioW and turning said iiow Afrom radialtoward an axial direction, of a ruimer for said turbine comprising unshroudcd blades with an varea not less than'the disk area of the runner and' receiving the flow axially and discharging it axially. l

GG. In a hydraulic turbine of high Aspecific speed the combination with an intake having means to impart a Whirl to the ovv and turning said flow from radialv toward an axial direction, ot a runner for said turbine comprisingv unshrouded blades with an area not less than tliedisk area of the runner and receiving the flow axially and. with relatrelysinall radiaily inward conn pouents and `discharging it more nearly axially. y n y (ST. In a hydraulic turbine of high specilic speed the Combination with 4an intake having means to impart a whirl to the ,flow

and turning said 'flou' from radial toward an axial direction, of a runner for said tui'n bine comprising not lmore than six un shrouded blades with an area not less than the disk area of the the flow axially and discharging it axially.

68. In a hydraulic turbine' of high specitic speed the combination with an4 intake 'ha/ving means to impart a whirl to the'fiow and turning said ,flow vfrom radial toward an vaxial direction, ot a runner for said turbine comprising unshrouded blades receivaxial dircctioinof a runner for 'said turbine comprising unshroudedjblades receiving the flow axially and with relatively sinall. radially inward components and discharging it' axially, the axially projectedarea ,of said blades being not less than the disk area ot a circle passing through the tips of said blades.

70. In a hydraulic turbine ol high specific speed the combination with an intake `having means to impart a Whirl `to the flow and turningr said 'tion' from radial toward an axial direction, of a runnerv for said turbine comprising not morethan sixv unshrouded blades receivingthe flow 'axially and discharging it axially, the axially projected area ot said blades being not less tha'n the disk area'of a circle passing through the tips of said blades.4

711. In a hydraulic turbine of high specific speed the combination With'an intake haw ing means to imparta Whirl to the ioW and,

turning said flowr from radial toward an axial direction, ot a runner tor said turbine comprising not more tha-n six unshroiided blades with an area not less than the disk area'of the runner and receiving thefloya axially and discharging it axially,` saidblades overlapping in -axial projection throughout at least va portion of their lengtlifv 72. Ina ,hydraulic turbine of high specific speedthe combination with a. radial '-inow passage adapted to impart a VWhirl to the flow, of meansi'or turning the flow toward "an axial direction, and an unshrouded axial flow runner having a small number of blades of a relatively large amount of area, the

blades being so foi-ined that u'henviewed in axial projection no open space is left between successive blades for the greater portion of the 'blade length and sa id blades being inclinedV forward so that in theportions near their tips they malte a relatively small angle *with a plane norinal to the axis.

1TH. ln hydraulic turbine ot' high speciiii" speed the combination ot radial entrance; tlou' passage adapted to impart a Whirl to the flou' and means Vlor turning the iiow tof 'ward an axial direction, of an axial How rum runner and receiving ner having a small number of unshrouded said runner overlapping when viewed along the axis and being inclined to abstract a portion of the whirl and 'to discharge the whirling outflow substantially axially, and an axially extending draft tubel adapted to -spread the discharge outward away from the axis so as to lower the velocity of whirl and convert velocity head into pressure head.

Sl. In a vertical shaft turbine the combination with anl intake conduit. leading the vflow toward the turbine, of a volute inflow chamber surrounding the turbine and receiving the flow' frein said conduit and imparting a whirl to the "flow, a transition space of circular formation receiving the whirling flow radially from said volute chamber` and turning said flow toward an axial direction, a runner receiving the whirling ow from said transition space and adapted to abstract a portion of the whirl and to discharge the whirling outflow substantially axially, an axially extending draft passage decelerating the flow and converting the whirling component of the velocity into ell'ective pressure head, andl a velocity decelerating conduit receiving the flow from .said axially extending passage and turning said -llow toward tail'water while continuing its deceleration,

82; In a hydraulic turbine the combination 'with an inflow chamber, of means for im,- parting a whirl to the inflow, a transition space radially receiving said whirling inflow and turning the flow toward an axial direction, a runner receiving the flow from said transition, space and comprising overlapping blades formed to abstract a part of the whirl from the flow and to Vdischarge the whirling outflow substantially axially, an axially extending drai't tube receiving the flow from the runner and adapted,to decelerate the flow while carrying it 'along the turbine axis and converting the whirling component of the velocity into effective pressure head,`and a velocity decelerating outflow conduit receiving the flow from said draft passage and carrying it outward toward t'ailwater while continuing the velocily deceleration.

83. In a hydraulic turbine the combination Vwith a-substantially axial flow runner', of

means for guiding the flow to said runner with a whirl comprising an inflow chamber adapted to impart a whirl to the entering flow, guide vaines, and a contracting transition space' receiving theilow radially and turning it toward-'an axial direction` with increasing whirl; life outer surface of said transition' chamber continuously curving inward to a minimum diameter at the runncr.

84. In a hydraulic turbine the combination with a substantially axial flow ruimer, of means for guiding the flow to said runner with a whirl comprising an-inow chamber turning it toward -an axial direction with increasing whirl, the out-cr surface of' said' transition chamber continuously curving inward to a minimum diameter at the center- "of the runner.

In a hydraulic turbine the combination with a runner adapted to discharge the flow with a whirl, of means for decelerating the discharge from said runner comprising` an axially extending draft passage decclerating the flow, and a radially extending outflow conduitradially receiving the flow from said draftv tube passage and continuing the de'- celeration of the flow while turning it and carrying it toward tailwater. 86. In a hydraulic turbine the combination with a runner adapted to discharge the flow with a whirl, of means for decelerating' the discharge fromj said runner comprising an axially extending draft passage spreading outwardly to decelerate the velocity of whirl and convert its velocity head into pressure head and an outflow conduit receiving the flow from said draft tube passage and continuing the deceleration of the flow while turning it and carrying it toward tailwater.

87. In a hydraulic turbine the combination with a. runner adapted to discharge the yflow with a whirl, ot" means for decelerating the discharge from said runner comprising an axially extending draft passage spreading `outwardly varounda central core member to decelerate the velocity of whirl and convert 4its velocity head into pressure head and :ur

, with a runner adapted to discharge the flowwith a whirl, of means forfdecelerating the discharge from said ruimer comprising an axially extending draft passage-'spreading outwardly around a central core member continuous with the contour of the runner hub to decelerate the Velocity ofxwhirl and convert its velocity head into pressure head and an outflow conduit receiving the flow from said draft tube passage and' continuing the deceleration of the flow while' turning it and carrying it toward tailwatcr.v

v8 9. In ahydraulic turbine the combination with a vertical shaft, of means for' sustaining said shaft against axial thrust, and means for radially retaining said shaft comprising a radial hearing above the runner and a radial bearing below the runner.

90. In a hydraulic turbine the combination with a vertical shaft, of means for sustaining said shaft against axial thrust, and means tor radially retaining said shaft comprising a radial bearing above the runner and imi ' [a rdiai bearing belowtb'e runner, seid lower bearing being carried by n cent-ral coremein "ber in the discharge conduit from 91. In a hydraulic turbine el *verticallyv supporting`--tl1eslioft and runner wl'ien they are slightly lowered comprising :i central core member extending upwardly' `gin the draft conduit from the runner so that the shaft iindirunner will be supported when the first i'iem'e'd 'means is disconnected. 92. In 'a turbine he combination. withy e runner, of a' draft tubel thereforeomprising an 4outer surface' of. revolution extending` downward'frorn' the lowest disclisrgeedg'e of the runner .blades .and-eriDg outward v away fiom the axis to enf'fannuer outlet,

. therefrom and flaring' outwardio'` seid vand an inner surface 'of revolution beginning at the runner and extending '.dlcwnwnrd out let at its -lowerend,.said"inner and uter surfaces being formed and spaced incoere-` vide an aunulerdrafttube passage froms'aid immer to said outlet continuouslyincrefis` ing in cross sectional oren in the direction vof How so as to decelerete the iow' and convert velocity heed into pressure head.

lne turbine the combination with an axial flow runner, of odrat tube therefor comprising 1an outer .surface 3f-revolution" extending'ownwerd below the '.lowestdis charge edge ofthe runner blades endfiming outward eway'fro'm the axis to an Yannuler outlet, and n-inner .surface of revo`.ution beginnin at the runnerjand extending down- -iva'rd t ierefrcm vand iering outward tosaid n utlet atitslower `en (l, said inner 'and -outerf surfaces being` formed and spaced to provide l nn'f'ennulai" draft tube passage from sind runner'to said ou'tlct'continuonsly iiicreas ing .in cross sectional area in the 'direction fof flow so este decelerete the flow and con- 'yert velocity heed into pressure'liead, 94. In e. turbine the combination with 'e runner, of :L drefttube 'therefor comprising an outer surface 'of revolution extending .downward below the lowest discharge edge. 'of tbe runner blades en :mayA from the exis to an'ennuliroutlct, and en inner surface 'of revolution beginning no' .dering outward the runner andA extending downward therev from and' Hering outward to seid outlet et.. its lower end, seid inner fend outer surfaces. 'being formed end-speced' 'to provide ,enen-y nuler-vA drefbtuoe passege'from scid runnerto' seid outlet continuously' incresing-''in cross sectional ere'efin" the direction oillow" so 'as to deeelerere :the ol'v and convertie lccity headiinlo'pressure heed, and e velocity decelereting chamber receiving'tlie flow from vsind 'annular passeg'ei k 915. fn e turbine-tile combination with e' runner, of e droit tube therefor comprising.-

tlie runnen'.- rticalfsliet; `adopted to be .rotzitebly-'susteied against' f oxial thrust end having :i radial-bearing re taining said shaft radially, sind means'forcross sectionel"creef'iilili Losesem :in *outer 'surface of revolution extending" downward 'below the lowest discharge 4edge of the runner blades and flaring 'e 'Nord away from the axis to an annulmoutlet, and en inner' surface of revolution beginning et 'the rurii'ier and extending downward there from and flaring outward to seid, outlet et 'itslower end, seid inner and outer surfaces" being formed and speoed to provide 'an an nular draft tube passe e from said runner to' .said outlet continuous y increasing in cross Rhin of relie runner blades and flaring outward away from the axis to an annulefrouilet, and

9G. In e 'turbine the combination w'tli e' :in inner surface of revolution leo'ginniigie't,

the runner and extending downward there# Vfrom and 'Hering outward to smdoutlet at.. its lower end, saidinner andouier' surfaces 'being formed and spaced to provide en in- 'miler drafttube passage 'from scidrunne'r to 4sand outlet continuously increasing 1n cross sectional eroe. 'in the 'direction of flow soos 'to decelerate the flow und convert ve- 'locityhead into pressure hcedrzmd velocity decelere'ting chamber receiving the flow .from seid annular passage `and collecting it and tnrning'it toward' final teilweter.; y

9T. in e turbine the combination with s runner, of admit tube tlierefor'comprjising an outer, surface of 'revolution ,extending downward. below the lowest dischergeedge of the runner blades and flaring outward.

v,away from the exis to en annuler outlet, and

on inner surecc oi" revolution beginning zu.

.the runner' and extending" downward tlie're from end flerinf outward to seid entier, ai;

its lower end, seid inner'end outer surfaces bci-ng.' formed und vspaced to provide 2m- ;nulur droit' tube passage from said .runner to scid outlet' continuously increasing in 'rection of flow' sees to dec'elerate "the il nel convert ve# loeity heed into pressure heed, sind sileiterfully enclosed conduit receiving tlie low from 'seid'ei'inuler'pessge and conducting it to teilw'eterwithout exposing the flow ro o Y ee .e until it reaches teilwater.

` S38.4 ln e. hydraulic turbine the combination witlio runner, ,guidev'enes in edt/'ance oli' the.

runner and e, rino; connecting the. ends; ci

@plonefsur'lecevin line with the ring si. the endoseid-guide ,veines rieure renier Erector.

de venes, of a contracting inow pesv l sage bowing en outer Well of' spirei or volute i'ornietion, and o, transverse well formed :is

lill* lli? eminem; or common.

vPatient l i Granted lay 4.1926. v'

e LEwlssrERnx vnoomf.,

I 'I 4lt is herebyeertified that the above nlnbered patent-was erroneously issuedA tothe inyentor .said Moody, whereas said Lettera Patent shouldhaye been .leaned to William Crump v8: Sona Ship & Engine. Building Company, a corporation of y Pennsylvania, said corporation being assignee of the entire interest inaaidjinvention, as shown by the records of assignments in this offiee;' and that the said 'Let/ters Patent should be read with this correction therein ythat the samenay -eonforin to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 22nd day-o March, A. VD. 1927.

n y l 1J.'Moore, Bini. Acting .Connnissoner of Patents..

Images