US1656012A

US1656012A - Hydraulic machine

Info

Publication number: US1656012A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1928-01-10
Anticipated expiration: 1945-01-10

Description

Jan. 10, 1928.

F. NAGLER HYDRAULIC MACHINE Filed Dec. 14, 1923 Patented lait lll, lill a .'til, ASSIGKTR TO ALLIS-CEALMERS HYBRA'ULC MACHINE.

t mlicatiiou .filed December la. 1923. Serial No. 65305595.

'lhia invention relater; iu general to iml proveniente in the art ot hydraulie, and relates more apeciiically to iinproremeute in the conetriuztion and operation ot hydrau- 5 lic machines euch an turbines; and pumpe.

An object ot the invention ie to provide an iu'iproved hydraulic machine which ie simple in eonetruction and etli"i"nt in operation. Another olriect ol the Vfention ie il) to provide an improved method ot controlw ling; the iioiv olf liqu id to or :trom a hydrauv lic ener y converting' machine auch as a turbine or pump. it.. further object oit the invention ie to provi structure where- 15 by liquid may be more etliciently delivered to or discharged from a hydraulic rotor auch ae a turbine or a pump rotor, than has been posf'ole with Similar Structures et the prior art. '.lllieeo and other obiecta and ad vantages ot the pressent improvement will be apparent from the following description.

il clear conception of an embodiment of the procent invention specifically applied to a hydraulic turbine, and ot the method of i operating' machines constructed in accordance with theinvention, may be had by re ierring to the drawing` accompanying and liormina` a part of this epecilication, in Which lilre reference characters deeiggnate the Same' or similar parte in the several views. lllhile the embodiment illustrated specilieally dieclo ai a hydraulic turhiiu,1 it Will be obvious toat the principles involved are applicable to other hydraulic machines auch rotary pumpe wherein it is frequently deeirablc to accomodate or to produce 'varyinlr charactorietice oiE the dieci tlo'w.

Fin', 'l ie a central vertical Section through hydraulic machine embodying; one torni o lE thc iminovement.

Fig'. 2 ie a transex/crac horizontal acc-tion through the unit disclosed in liin'. l. the Section being; taken along; the line 'HMH lookin upward.

The hydraulic turbine ii'iatallation illustratod in the drawing; compi-.ieee in general au inwardly directed annular conduit communicating with a source l() of water sup ply a vane tree traneition space 1l. adapted to receive Water trom the supply source l0 and to gradually change the direction of lloiv ot the Water from radial to axial, a dmv deeele tor or draft tube 9 adapted to receive the Water wbiclrpaeeee through the Il O transition space ll a'l'ter this; Water has had its; lioiv changed :from radial to axial, and an .,:ial tloiv impeller or rotor 2 located between the transition space ll and the draft tubo S). 'l`he crosse sectional area of the in irardly directed or radial flow conduit connecting; the supply Source Yl0 with the transition space ll, is variable by means of a lfluid pressure actuated plunger gate 5 Which is movable along or parallel to the axiso' the turbine.. lfiithin the radial tloiv conduit coimectinze)1 the supply source 10 with the :tion Space ll) ie located an annular seriee oil? stationary guide venes i which penetrate the plun gate 5 through openings l5, these vanes Il. being adapted to produce whirling motion ol the water delivered to the transition space ll.` rlhe guide vanes le provide a support for the stationary traine 7 which in turn Supports a bearing 8 located in clone proximity to the rotor 2 and Within the transition space ll. The inner portion ot the plungergate 5 which ia located above the traneition space ll extends in close proximity to the bearingr portion of the frame l and is downwardly curved to form a curved Wall or annular lip 6 'for directing! the inwardly flowing Water axially toward the turbine. The lower annular Wall l2 of the traneition space ll is also curved ttor the purpose ot changing the direction ot dow ot the liquid paesino; through the tran sition espace ll, from radial to axial.

The rotor 2 has a Series oit rzuliatinn` vanes 13 past which the whirling' Huid advances iu au axial direction. The rotor 2 i e Secured to one extremity ol the main shatt 3 which ia Supported in the l'xearinp; il, and the oppo- .f-:ite eatremi-ty ot which is connected to an energy transalating device auch as an electric aqenei'ator7 not Shown. A grate actuatinnY fluid admission pipe 1.6 surrounds and extends longitudinally ol the main shalt Si from a source of supply ot aiiI or other fluid under pressure, to Within a Short distance from the end ot the bearing 8. The pipe 16 ol. eutlicient internal diameter to provide an annular fluid conductinp, space communicating with the annular chamber la Jlormed Within the plunger gate 5. The upper portieri oit the plunger gate 5 is provided with a removable cover 19 which embraces the pipe 16 and ie elidable therealong. The joint between the @over and tl-1e eine Il@ whirling` axiallyadvancing mass.

may be sealedby means `of a stalling box k17 in' order to prevent escape ot air from the chamber 1.4i-, The lower interior portion of the plunger gate 5 may be partially Afilled withv liquid trom the supply source 10 as indicated, and a tubular extension 18 associated with the bearing 8 and extending` above the level ot the liquid within the chamber 14 may be employed to prevent undesirable substances from entering` and being` deposited upon the wearii'ig surfaces of the bearing` 8. i

During normal operation oit the hydraulic turbine installation illustrated in the drawing, water is admitted 'from lthe supply source 10 inwardly past the stationary guide vaines l to the transition space 11. ln pass- Ying the guide vanos 4:, the water caused to whirl about the axis oit the unit. As the whirling mass ot water enters and advances through the vane tree transition space 11,

`the plunger lip 6 and the sur'iaee 12 which lbound, the transition space. 11. Igiadually change the direction of 'flow ot the liquid from radial to axial and deliverV the water toward the vanes 13 ot' the rotor 2 as a l ln passing` through the rotor 2, the whirling mass of Water produces rotation of the rotor 2 and otl the shaft 3 thereby converting some of the energy ot the water'v into torque in the shaft 3, and causing the sha'lt to rotate atl al relatively high speed. "l he vater delivered lrom the rotor 2 passes through the dralt tube 9 and has its residual velocity energy transformed into pressure energy.

j Ifit is desired to vary the extent ot' opening'of the plunger gate 5air under pressure may be admitted or discharged through vthe pipe 16, to or from the chamber lethereby causing the plu-nger gate 5 to move up or down as the case may be( The open- Yings 15 `in theV lower wall of the plunger gate 5 permit tree vertical movement ot the gate 5 whichV is also guided upon the pipe 16 and upon the periphery oli the'lrame T.

releasing the pressure within the chainber lll, the plunger gate 5 may be entirely closed, whereas admission et Jfull pressure to the chamber lil will produce iull opening ol the gate as Villustrated in Fig. 1. As the posit-ion of the plunger'gate 5 is shifted, the lip G approaches or recedes from the bound ing` surface l2 of the transition space 11, the lower surface of `the lip 6 and the surface l2 at all times cooperating to change the direction of flow ot the water from radial to axial. It will be obvious that by thus expanding and contracting` the area o'lE the transition space 11, the quantity ot water admitted tothe rotor 2 as well the direction ot flow thereof, may be `effectively controlled T he fluid pressure actuatingv means for adjusting' the plunger gate 5 may be spanning controlled in any suitable manner and the packing` elllected by the stulling box 1T and the liquid seal below the chamber lelwill etlectively prevent escape oli actuating tluid when the gate 5 hasI been set to the desired position. VThe annular plunger gate may be readily opened lior inspection b v removal, ot they top plate l5), whereupon the .trame i' and guide 'anes 4- are 'lireely upwardly removable trom the gate lt. should be inideri-ilood that it is not desired to limit the invention to 'the exact details oit ii-inistruction and oiE operation described herein. ttor varioiul niodilicatimis within the scope o't the claims muy occur lo persons skilled in the arl.

lt is claimed and desired to secure b v Letters Patent:

1. In a. hydraulic machine, a rotor o l the axial flow type, a: radial flow conduit al one end ot said rotor and coaxial therewith, :i coaxial cylindrical gate extending acrius` said conduit and having a Al'low guiding sui'- ace curving 'troni ra liai to axial. and a series o t vanos extei'iding` across said radial ilow conduit within the periphery olE said gate but beyond the curved surface lhei'eo'.

2. ln a hydraulic machine, a rotor oli the axial flow type, a radial [low conduit at one end ot said rotor and coaxial therewith, a. coaxial cylindrical gate extending across said conduit and formed to change the` direction ot tlow of `lluid passing therealong. and a series of guide vunes spanning .said conduit within the periphery olI said gale.

3. ln a` hydraulic machine, a rotor, means forming a radial i'low conduit at oni` end ot' said rotor and coaxial therewith, a c vlindri 'al gate movable across said conduit and having a` surtace tor cl'ianging the direction of tlow from radial to axial. and an annular series of guide vanes spanning` said conduit within the periphery oit said gate.

ln a liydraulic machii'ie, a rotor ot the axial llow type, a radial llow conduit ai one endA oi. said rotor and coaxial therewith, a coaxial cylindrical gate movable across ,said conduit and having u .series oll openings therethrough, und a series ot `guidc vanos spanning said conduit und y extending through saidiopeuings.

5. n a hyiflriiul'ic n'iachine. a rotor oli the axial tlow ty ie, a radial tlow conduit al one, end of said rotor and coaxial therewith, a coaxial cylindrical gate adjustable acrossr said conduit and having a series oit llnough openings within its periphery, guide vanos said conduit and i extending through said olaenings, a d luid pressure actuatedI means for moving said gate.

In 'testimony whereof, the signature ot the inventor' is affixed hereto.

FORREST NAGLER.

'lll

lll)

lill)