US5650786A - Compensation device for aiming errors caused by the malfunctioning of electronic scanning antenna phase-shifters or by the malfunctioning of coefficients of antennas with beam-shaping by computation - Google Patents

Compensation device for aiming errors caused by the malfunctioning of electronic scanning antenna phase-shifters or by the malfunctioning of coefficients of antennas with beam-shaping by computation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US5650786A
US5650786A US08/376,886 US37688695A US5650786A US 5650786 A US5650786 A US 5650786A US 37688695 A US37688695 A US 37688695A US 5650786 A US5650786 A US 5650786A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
phase
shifter
malfunctioning
shifters
aiming
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US08/376,886
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Claude Aubry
Andre Peyrat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Assigned to THOMSON-CSF reassignment THOMSON-CSF ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AUBRY, CLAUDE, PEYRAT, ANDRE
Assigned to THOMSON-CSF reassignment THOMSON-CSF (ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST) RE-RECORD TO CORRECT THE RECORDATION DATE OF 03/03/97 TO 04/03/97, PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL 8438, FRAME 0721. Assignors: AUBRY, CLAUDE, PEYRAT, ANDRE
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5650786A publication Critical patent/US5650786A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a compensation device for aiming errors caused by the malfunctioning of phase-shifters of electronic scanning antennas or by the malfunctioning of coefficients of antennas with beam-shaping by computation.
  • the aiming of a beam at a given instant towards a given direction of space is done by acting on the radiation phase of the radiating sources called elementary sources forming the antenna.
  • the modification of the phase of the elementary sources is obtained by the insertion of the electronically controlled phase-shifters series-connected between a microwave power distributor and the elementary sources.
  • a phase-shifter may serve several elementary sources, but the most usually adopted approach is to provide one phase-shifter for each elementary source.
  • phase-shifters The electronic control of the phase-shifters is done in such a way that the radiated energy gets focused at a great distance in a desired direction. This is done by positioning the different phase-shifters in a certain phase state that is determined a way known to those skilled in the art.
  • Chapter 7 the second edition of Merril I. Skolnick, "Radar Handbook", Mac Grawhill, gives a extensive description of the techniques used and their applications to radar.
  • phase-shifters are therefore controlled by digital data elements in the form of messages giving the phase to be displayed on N bits, which corresponds to 2 N phase positions theoretically spaced out every 360°/2 N .
  • phase-shifters The known methods used to compensate for the effect of malfunctions in phase-shifters therefore consists notably in designing the antenna so that it has performance characteristics which, when there is no malfunctioning in the phase-shifters, are far higher than necessary so that, when there is malfunctioning in the phase-shifters, the requisite performance characteristics are always obtained.
  • the phase-shifters are monitored in order to ascertain, either constantly or at short intervals, that they are truly in working order.
  • the number of suspect phase-shifters is updated and constantly monitored so as to warn the operator or the maintenance services when their number approaches or reaches the maximum number that the system can bear without falling below the requisite performance level. A maintenance operation is needed to replace the suspect phase-shifters.
  • a U.S. Pat. No. 4,041,501 describes a particular embodiment of an electronic scanning MLS antenna and another U.S. Pat. No. 4,359,740 describes the means to cancel the aiming error caused in such an antenna by the malfunctioning of a phase-shifter.
  • the invention described in the latter patent can be applied to diode-operated phase-shifters using, as a 0°-180° cell, a 3 dB coupler connected to two switching diodes controlled independently of each other.
  • the two diodes of the 0°-180° cell are switched into two distinct states. One of them is then on and therefore in a state of low impedance which may be capacitive. The result is that the microwave signal that goes through the phase-shifter is then cut off or rather greatly attenuated. Consequently, it no longer plays a part in the radiation of the antenna and the aiming error of the beam in free space, resulting from the malfunctioning of the phase-shifter in question, is cancelled. This results directly from the fact that by creating an amplitude gap at the corresponding radiating element, which inhibits the effect of the phase errors, the antenna pattern is deformed symmetrically and the direction of maximum radiation remains unchanged.
  • phase-shifter is a diode-based phase-shifter and uses a 0°-180° cell comprising two diodes working by reflection of the high frequency signal. Furthermore, it is ineffective when the high frequency signal cut-off device is itself out of order.
  • the aim of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, notably by enabling the cancellation of the aiming error in free space due to one or more malfunctions of phase-shifters without its being necessary to complicate these phase-shifters.
  • an object of the invention is a device for the compensation of aiming errors caused by malfunctions of phase-shifters in a plane electronic scanning antenna having a power distribution that is symmetrical in amplitude, wherein said device comprises means positioning a malfunctioning phase-shifter and its symmetrical phase-shifter in supplementary phase states.
  • the main advantages of the invention are that it releases the designing of the antenna from the constraints of the effect of the malfunctions on the aiming precision, can be applied to all types of electronic phase-shifters, does not require the incorporation, in the phase-shifter, of means to prevent this phase-shifter from radiating when it is malfunctioning, enables flexibility of use and is simple to implement and economical.
  • FIG. 1 shows the structure of a plane electronic scanning antenna
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the layout of means constituting the device according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 exemplifies an active antenna capable of using a device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the structure of a plane electronic scanning antenna. It comprises elementary radiating sources 1.
  • the modification of the phase of the elementary sources 1 is obtained by means of electrically controlled phase-shifters 2, series-connected between a microwave power distributor 3 and the elementary sources 1.
  • a phase-shifter 2 is, for example, associated with each elementary source 1.
  • the input of the power distributor 3 is, for example, connected to the output of a power transmitter 4.
  • the principle of the invention makes use of a particular formulation of the aiming error which shows that there exist means to cancel the aiming error caused by the malfunction of a phase-shifter other than, for example, that of preventing it from radiating.
  • the amplitude of the resultant electrical field at great distance in the direction of the direction cosine u 0 is, when the antenna is positioned to be aimed in a direction of the direction cosine u, given in free space by the following relationship: ##EQU1## where n is the number of an elementary source, A n the amplitude of the signal that it radiates, ⁇ the wavelength in the air and x n its abscissa and where ⁇ n represents the phase error on the phase-shifter associated with the number n elementary source.
  • ⁇ n 0 barring errors relating to manufacture and quantification.
  • the aiming direction is obtained by seeking the maximum radiation as the function of the direction cosine u 0 , which is obtained by cancelling the derivative of the function
  • 2 , giving: ##EQU2## this cancellation being done for u 0 u+ ⁇ u where ⁇ u represents the aiming error.
  • the number of malfunctioning phase-shifters is smaller than the number of phase-shifters, smaller than 10% for example,
  • this total number is, for example, greater than or equal to 20.
  • the principle of the invention consists in cancelling the aiming error ⁇ u not by cancelling the amplitude A p but by cancelling the term in the numerator of the relationship (3), namely the term ##EQU4## it being understood that the antenna has a symmetrical distribution, i.e. one wherein the elementary sources that are located symmetrically, except for the mechanical tolerance values, with respect to the center radiate with identical amplitudes and opposite phases, except for manufacturing errors.
  • the device includes means enabling it, as soon as the phase-shifter is malfunctioning, to place the symmetrical phase-shifter in a state that is always supplementary, to the nearest 2 ⁇ , to the state in which the malfunctioning phase-shifter is placed.
  • the malfunctioning phase-shifter is in a phase ⁇ state
  • its symmetrical phase-shifter is positioned in the phase state ⁇ - ⁇ or 3 ⁇ - ⁇ , or more generally (2 k+1) ⁇ - ⁇ , k being a relative integer.
  • the malfunctioning phase-shifter is, for example, locked in a fixed phase state ⁇ 0 and kept in this state permanently. Its symmetrical phase-shifter is then locked in a supplementary phase state, ⁇ - ⁇ 0 or 3 ⁇ - ⁇ 0 for example and kept permanently in this phase state.
  • phase states that have remained available on the malfunctioning phase-shifter continue, for example, to be exploited and the symmetrical phase-shifter is positioned at all times in the supplementary phase state.
  • phase states of the two phase-shifters therefore vary with the beam of the antenna while at the same time remaining supplementary to within a value of 2 ⁇ .
  • the aiming error resulting from the malfunctioning are thus cancelled, and this is done without resorting to any cancellation of the signal radiated by the malfunctioning phase-shifter.
  • the aiming error resulting from the malfunction of a phase-shifter supplying a source p is given by the following relationship: ##EQU9## with ##EQU10##
  • the aiming error resulting from the blocking, in the supplementary fixed state ⁇ 0 - ⁇ or 3 ⁇ - ⁇ 0 for example, of the symmetrical phase-shifter is equal to and opposite to the error caused by the fixed state ⁇ 0 of the malfunctioning phase-shifter, this being the case whatever the aiming direction and the radiated frequency.
  • the command given at a given point in time may be the same as in the absence of a malfunction or else may take account of the type of malfunction detected so that, for example, it achieves as close an approximation as possible to the desired state by means of the phase states that are still available.
  • the phase ⁇ A that is actually obtained is a function of the command given and of the malfunction affecting the phase-shifter.
  • the device according to the invention may be used, for example, for antennas, in an MLS landing system of the type wherein each of the two antennas of the system, the azimuth antenna and the elevation antenna, radiates a fan-type beam, namely a beam that is angularly narrow in one dimension and wide in the other.
  • the spatial scanning of these beams is done by electronic scanning at a speed of 50 microseconds per degree for example.
  • the device according to the invention can be used to obtain an MLS system that is improved with regard to the aiming precision, hence with regard to the aircraft guiding precision, because the aiming errors of the fanning-beam antennas caused by the malfunctions on the electronically controlled phase-shifters are compensated for by the device according to the invention.
  • An azimuth electronic scanning antenna of the an MLS system is for example, formed by a plane network of radiating waveguides that are evenly spaced out, supplied through a power distribution system and connected to the output of a transmitter.
  • the antenna has, for example, N radiating waveguides, N being an even number. These waveguides are, for example, numbered from 1 to N/2 for the right-hand part and from -1 to -N/2 for the left-hand part.
  • the waveguide numbered n and -n are symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the antenna and the power distribution is also symmetrical.
  • These phase-shifters comprise a succession of four phase-shifter cells, respectively giving phase-shifts of 180°, 90°, 45° and 22.5°.
  • Each cell for example, uses two diodes that are controlled either in the on state or in the off state. Two diodes of one and the same cell receive at all times (except in the case of malfunctioning) identical control signals, i.e. they are both positioned at all times either in the on state, which corresponds to a first phase state or in the off state which corresponds to a second phase state of the cell.
  • the device according to the invention has, for example, means for the permanent monitoring of the state of the diodes.
  • the state of the diodes is, for example, monitored through the control circuit by the value of the current in the control line and by the value of the voltage on the control line, each diode having a control line.
  • the malfunctioning of a diode places it either in an open circuit, which is an infrequent case, or in a short circuit which is the general case.
  • the control circuit monitors itself for example and sends the phase-shifter control system, called the aiming device, the overall state of the control circuit and of the phase-shifter.
  • the device according to the invention is, for example, located in this aiming device. It shares, for example, the physical circuits of this aiming device and has, for example, a software program installed as a complement to the software program of the aiming device.
  • FIG. 2 gives an illustration, by way of an example and by means of a block diagram, of the layout of a device according to the invention in an aiming device 21.
  • a bus 22 comprising all the control lines of the diodes of the phase-shifters 2 connects the phase-shifters 2 to the aiming device 21 by means of these lines.
  • the phase-shifter 2 includes, for example, the device according to the invention which is at least formed by means 23 for placing a phase-shifter in a state of malfunctioning and its symmetrical phase-shifter in supplementary phase states. It is furthermore constituted, for example, by means 24 for reading the state of the phase-shifter.
  • phase-shifters 2 are, for example, fitted out with means 25 for establishing their state, these means acting, for example, by comparison of the voltages of the diodes with the control voltages conveyed by the bus 22.
  • a processing of the other diode of the cell may be done in such a way that the malfunctioning of a single diode prompts only blocking in one of the normal states of the phase cell of which the diode is a part.
  • the second diode of the cell may, for example, be used in the same state of microwave impedance as the malfunctioning diode by means for controlling the state of the diodes of the device according to the invention. Thus, for example, if the malfunctioning diode is in an open circuit, the second diode is placed in the off state.
  • the two diodes then have the same impedance state, namely an open circuit state, for a high frequency signal only if they are both in operating condition and locked.
  • any malfunctioning of only one diode results in the phase cell of which it is a part being locked in one of its two normal states.
  • the device according to the invention can be applied not only to a passive antenna supplied through a power distribution system and diode phase-shifters from a centralized transmitter but also to an active antenna incorporating the transmission function as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • a plurality of amplifiers 31 connected to the outputs of a low-level distribution system 32 supplies the different radiating elementary sources.
  • the phase-shifters 2 are, this time for example, placed upline with respect to the amplifiers 31 and may possibly be incorporated into it, the entire system being, for example, possibly made in the form of an integrated circuit.
  • the device according to the invention frees the designing of the antennas from the constraints resulting from the effect of the malfunctions on the aiming precision. It therefore makes it possible, by the elimination of a major cause of imprecision, to have a simpler design that is therefore less costly. It can furthermore be applied to all types of electronically controlled phase-shifters irrespectively of the technology used. It can be applied notably to ferrite phase-shifters, diode phase-shifters or MMIC (microwave monolithic integrated circuits) phase-shifters. Furthermore, it is not necessary to incorporate means into a phase-shifter to prevent it from radiating when it is malfunctioning.
  • phase-shifter is an element of which many units are used in an electronic scanning antenna. It therefore represents a major part of the cost of the antenna. Any increase in the complexity of the phase-shifter therefore has a negative effect on the cost of the antenna.
  • the device according to the invention also has a flexibility of use due to the fact that there are a large number of solutions for choosing the phases ⁇ 0 and ⁇ - ⁇ 0 , or 3 ⁇ - ⁇ 0 for example, which is equivalent, wherein the phase-shifter that is malfunctioning and its symmetrical phase-shifter are both locked.
  • the device according to the invention can also be transposed to the case of an antenna with beam-shaping by computation provided that this is a plane and symmetrical antenna and provided that the laws of computation of the beams are symmetrical in amplitude and phase.
  • the invention consists, for this radiation pattern, in placing the phase value relating to the symmetrical radiating source in the supplementary phase state. Consequently, the aiming error related to the erroneous phase value ⁇ 0 is cancelled.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US08/376,886 1994-01-21 1995-01-20 Compensation device for aiming errors caused by the malfunctioning of electronic scanning antenna phase-shifters or by the malfunctioning of coefficients of antennas with beam-shaping by computation Expired - Lifetime US5650786A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9400635A FR2715511B1 (fr) 1994-01-21 1994-01-21 Dispositif de compensation des erreurs de pointage causées par des pannes de déphaseurs d'antennes à balayage électronique ou de coefficients d'antennes à formation de faisceaux par le calcul.
FR9400635 1994-01-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5650786A true US5650786A (en) 1997-07-22

Family

ID=9459255

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/376,886 Expired - Lifetime US5650786A (en) 1994-01-21 1995-01-20 Compensation device for aiming errors caused by the malfunctioning of electronic scanning antenna phase-shifters or by the malfunctioning of coefficients of antennas with beam-shaping by computation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5650786A (fr)
EP (1) EP0664574B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3477884B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE69506290T2 (fr)
FR (1) FR2715511B1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6147643A (en) * 1998-02-24 2000-11-14 Thomson-Csf Method to determine the error of orientational adjustment of the radiating face of an electronic scanning array antenna

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2762937B1 (fr) 1997-05-05 1999-06-11 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Antenne active a reseau d'elements rayonnants a architecture redondante

Citations (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3747098A (en) * 1970-07-23 1973-07-17 Univ Syracuse Res Corp Phased array antenna
US3797020A (en) * 1971-09-22 1974-03-12 Thomson Csf Microwave antenna structure with aperture blocking elimination
DE2442185A1 (de) * 1974-09-04 1976-03-25 Siemens Ag Schaltung zur funktionspruefung einer elektronisch phasengesteuerten antennenanordnung
US3984788A (en) * 1974-11-21 1976-10-05 Thomson-Csf Negative resistance microwave power generator
US4005361A (en) * 1975-11-04 1977-01-25 Lockheed Electronics Co., Inc. Performance assurance apparatus for phased antenna array drives
DE2904095A1 (de) * 1978-02-06 1979-08-09 Hazeltine Corp Phasengesteuerte feldantenne und phasenschiebereinrichtung
US4176354A (en) * 1978-08-25 1979-11-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Phased-array maintenance-monitoring system
US4191960A (en) * 1978-01-27 1980-03-04 Hazeltine Corporation Phased array antenna with reduced phase quantization error
US4260993A (en) * 1978-06-20 1981-04-07 Thomson-Csf Dual-band antenna with periscopic supply system
US4649393A (en) * 1984-02-17 1987-03-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Phased array antennas with binary phase shifters
US4665405A (en) * 1983-12-30 1987-05-12 Thomson-Csf Antenna having two crossed cylindro-parabolic reflectors
US4672378A (en) * 1982-05-27 1987-06-09 Thomson-Csf Method and apparatus for reducing the power of jamming signals received by radar antenna sidelobes
US4697141A (en) * 1986-07-31 1987-09-29 Hazeltine Corporation Testing of RF diode phase shifters
US4740791A (en) * 1983-07-08 1988-04-26 Thomson-Csf Antenna with pseudo-toric coverage having two reflectors
US4792811A (en) * 1985-04-19 1988-12-20 Thomson-Csf Device for reflecting the electromagnetic waves of a polarization and a method of construction of said device
US4924232A (en) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-08 Hughes Aircraft Company Method and system for reducing phase error in a phased array radar beam steering controller
US4926186A (en) * 1989-03-20 1990-05-15 Allied-Signal Inc. FFT-based aperture monitor for scanning phased arrays
US5038149A (en) * 1988-12-16 1991-08-06 Thomson-Csf Antenna with three-dimensional coverage and electronic scanning, of the random spare volume array type
US5053777A (en) * 1989-03-31 1991-10-01 Thomson-Csf Measurement of the stability of a radar in transmission/reception
US5083131A (en) * 1990-05-31 1992-01-21 Hughes Aircraft Company Local compensation of failed elements of an active antenna array
US5138324A (en) * 1990-07-20 1992-08-11 Thomson-Csf Device to measure the elevation angle for a radar equipped with a double curvature reflective type antenna
US5279165A (en) * 1991-06-27 1994-01-18 Thomson - Csf Method and device for the measurement of wind-related stresses on a rotating system

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6051302A (ja) * 1983-08-31 1985-03-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 移相器制御回路

Patent Citations (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3747098A (en) * 1970-07-23 1973-07-17 Univ Syracuse Res Corp Phased array antenna
US3797020A (en) * 1971-09-22 1974-03-12 Thomson Csf Microwave antenna structure with aperture blocking elimination
DE2442185A1 (de) * 1974-09-04 1976-03-25 Siemens Ag Schaltung zur funktionspruefung einer elektronisch phasengesteuerten antennenanordnung
US3984788A (en) * 1974-11-21 1976-10-05 Thomson-Csf Negative resistance microwave power generator
US4005361A (en) * 1975-11-04 1977-01-25 Lockheed Electronics Co., Inc. Performance assurance apparatus for phased antenna array drives
US4191960A (en) * 1978-01-27 1980-03-04 Hazeltine Corporation Phased array antenna with reduced phase quantization error
DE2904095A1 (de) * 1978-02-06 1979-08-09 Hazeltine Corp Phasengesteuerte feldantenne und phasenschiebereinrichtung
US4260993A (en) * 1978-06-20 1981-04-07 Thomson-Csf Dual-band antenna with periscopic supply system
US4176354A (en) * 1978-08-25 1979-11-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Phased-array maintenance-monitoring system
US4672378A (en) * 1982-05-27 1987-06-09 Thomson-Csf Method and apparatus for reducing the power of jamming signals received by radar antenna sidelobes
US4740791A (en) * 1983-07-08 1988-04-26 Thomson-Csf Antenna with pseudo-toric coverage having two reflectors
US4665405A (en) * 1983-12-30 1987-05-12 Thomson-Csf Antenna having two crossed cylindro-parabolic reflectors
US4649393A (en) * 1984-02-17 1987-03-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Phased array antennas with binary phase shifters
US4792811A (en) * 1985-04-19 1988-12-20 Thomson-Csf Device for reflecting the electromagnetic waves of a polarization and a method of construction of said device
US4697141A (en) * 1986-07-31 1987-09-29 Hazeltine Corporation Testing of RF diode phase shifters
US4924232A (en) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-08 Hughes Aircraft Company Method and system for reducing phase error in a phased array radar beam steering controller
EP0367167A2 (fr) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-09 Hughes Aircraft Company Procédé et système pour diminuer l'erreur de phase dans un dispositif de réglage de faisceau pour un radar à réseau d'antennes à commande de phase
US5038149A (en) * 1988-12-16 1991-08-06 Thomson-Csf Antenna with three-dimensional coverage and electronic scanning, of the random spare volume array type
US4926186A (en) * 1989-03-20 1990-05-15 Allied-Signal Inc. FFT-based aperture monitor for scanning phased arrays
US5053777A (en) * 1989-03-31 1991-10-01 Thomson-Csf Measurement of the stability of a radar in transmission/reception
US5083131A (en) * 1990-05-31 1992-01-21 Hughes Aircraft Company Local compensation of failed elements of an active antenna array
US5138324A (en) * 1990-07-20 1992-08-11 Thomson-Csf Device to measure the elevation angle for a radar equipped with a double curvature reflective type antenna
US5279165A (en) * 1991-06-27 1994-01-18 Thomson - Csf Method and device for the measurement of wind-related stresses on a rotating system

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
English Abstract of Japanese Patent 60 51302, Mar. 22, 1985. *
English Abstract of Japanese Patent 60-51302, Mar. 22, 1985.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6147643A (en) * 1998-02-24 2000-11-14 Thomson-Csf Method to determine the error of orientational adjustment of the radiating face of an electronic scanning array antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0664574A1 (fr) 1995-07-26
FR2715511B1 (fr) 1996-02-23
JPH07235824A (ja) 1995-09-05
DE69506290T2 (de) 1999-05-12
DE69506290D1 (de) 1999-01-14
JP3477884B2 (ja) 2003-12-10
EP0664574B1 (fr) 1998-12-02
FR2715511A1 (fr) 1995-07-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Kopp et al. Transmit/receive modules
RU2134924C1 (ru) Передающая антенная система с фазированной решеткой (варианты) и способ создания антенной решетки
KR100304128B1 (ko) 마이크로파 빔 안테나 시스템
US4965530A (en) Parallelled amplifier with switched isolation resistors
US5561434A (en) Dual band phased array antenna apparatus having compact hardware
EP0800093B1 (fr) Module radar et dispositif MMIC pour un tel module
EP0702424B1 (fr) Alimentation d'antenne et réseau de formation de faisceaux
US6456238B1 (en) Dynamic signal routing in electronically scanned antenna systems
US5231413A (en) Airborne iff antenna with switchable multiple patterns
DE3934155A1 (de) Phasengesteuerte antennenanordnung
SU1091861A3 (ru) Фазированна антенна решетка
SE458246B (sv) Mikrobandandtenn samt saett foer tillverkning av mikrobandantenner
US4316159A (en) Redundant microwave switching matrix
WO1988008623A1 (fr) Reseau actif multifonction
US5430452A (en) Device for supply to the radiating elements of an array antenna, and application thereof to an antenna of an MLS type landing system
US4321605A (en) Array antenna system
US4641106A (en) Radial power amplifier
US6650281B2 (en) Telecommunications antenna intended to cover a large terrestrial area
US4314250A (en) Intermodulation product suppression by antenna processing
US4080605A (en) Multi-beam radio frequency array antenna
JPH04230881A (ja) 電子走査レーダ用の高効率能動アンテナの放射パターンを形成する方法と、この方法を実行するためのアンテナ
US5650786A (en) Compensation device for aiming errors caused by the malfunctioning of electronic scanning antenna phase-shifters or by the malfunctioning of coefficients of antennas with beam-shaping by computation
CA1193715A (fr) Antenna a microbande a alimentation gamma
GB2034525A (en) Improvements in or relating to microwave transmission systems
US5302953A (en) Secondary radar antenna operating in S mode

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: THOMSON-CSF, FRANCE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:AUBRY, CLAUDE;PEYRAT, ANDRE;REEL/FRAME:008438/0721

Effective date: 19941227

AS Assignment

Owner name: THOMSON-CSF, FRANCE

Free format text: (ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST) RE-RECORD TO CORRECT THE RECORDATION DATE OF 03/03/97 TO 04/03/97, PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL 8438, FRAME 0721.;ASSIGNORS:AUBRY, CLAUDE;PEYRAT, ANDRE;REEL/FRAME:008566/0479

Effective date: 19941227

Owner name: THOMSON-CSF, FRANCE

Free format text: (ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST) RE-RECORD TO CORRECT THE RECORDATION DATE OF 03/03/97 TO 04/03/97, PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL 8438, FRAME 0721;ASSIGNORS:AUBRY, CLAUDE;PEYRAT, ANDRE;REEL/FRAME:008566/0479

Effective date: 19941227

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 12