EP0664574B1 - Dispositif de compensation des erreurs de pointage pour une antenne à balayage électronique - Google Patents
Dispositif de compensation des erreurs de pointage pour une antenne à balayage électronique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0664574B1 EP0664574B1 EP95400071A EP95400071A EP0664574B1 EP 0664574 B1 EP0664574 B1 EP 0664574B1 EP 95400071 A EP95400071 A EP 95400071A EP 95400071 A EP95400071 A EP 95400071A EP 0664574 B1 EP0664574 B1 EP 0664574B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- antenna
- shifter
- symmetrical
- state
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for compensating pointing errors caused by breakdowns of antenna phase shifters at electronic scanning or antenna coefficients forming beams by calculation.
- the pointing of the beam at a given time towards a given direction of space is made in acting on the radiation phase of so-called radiating sources elementary sources constituting the antenna. So that changes in pointing direction are fast, changing the source phase elementary is obtained by the insertion of controlled phase shifters electronics mounted in series between a power distributor microwave and elementary sources.
- a phase shifter can serve several elementary sources, but the solution more generally adopted is to provide a phase shifter for each elementary source.
- the electronic control of the phase shifters is made in such a way that the radiated energy is focused over a long distance in one direction desired. This is done by positioning the different phase shifters in a certain phase state determined in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
- the chapter 7 of the second edition of Merril I. Skolnick's work "Radar Handbook" published by Mac Grawhill editions gives a broad description of techniques used and their applications to radars.
- phase shifters are therefore controlled by digital data in the form of messages giving the phase to be displayed on N bits, which corresponds to 2 N phase positions theoretically spaced every 360 ° / 2 N.
- N 1 to 4.
- phase shifters are monitored to determine either permanently or at close intervals if they are in good working order.
- the number of suspect phase shifters is constantly updated and monitored to alert the operator or the services responsible for maintenance when their number approaches or reaches the maximum number the system can support without falling into below the required performance level. A maintenance action is necessary to replace suspect phase shifters.
- the object of the invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, in particular by making it possible to cancel the pointing error in free space due to one or more phase shift faults without the need to complicate these.
- the invention relates to a compensation device pointing errors caused by failure of phase shifters of a planar electronic scanning antenna having power distribution symmetrical in amplitude, characterized in that it comprises means positioning a faulty phase shifter and its symmetrical phase shifter in additional phase states.
- the main advantages of the invention are that it frees the antenna design constraints of the effect of failures on the pointing accuracy, that it applies to all types of phase shifters electronic, which it does not require incorporating phase shifter means to prevent it from radiating when it breaks down, that it allows flexibility of use, that it is simple to implement and that it is economical.
- Figure 1 shows the constitution of a scanning antenna flat electronics. It includes radiant elementary sources 1. To make changes of pointing direction quick, the modification of the phase of the elementary sources 1 is obtained by means of electronically controlled phase shifters 2, connected in series between a microwave power distributor 3 and elementary sources 1. A phase shifter 2 is for example associated with each elementary source 1. The input of the power distributor 3 is for example connected to the output a power transmitter 4.
- the principle of the invention exploits a particular formulation of pointing error which shows that there are other ways to cancel pointing error caused by the failure of a phase shifter than preventing it to shine in particular.
- the amplitude of the electric field resulting at great distance in the direction of direction cosine u 0 is, when the antenna is positioned to point in the direction of direction cosine u, given in free space by the following relation: where n is the number of an elementary source, A n the amplitude of the signal which it radiates, ⁇ the wavelength in air and x n its abscissa and where ⁇ n represents the phase error on the phase shifter associated with the elementary source number n.
- ⁇ n 0 with errors near completion and quantification.
- the pointing direction obtained is obtained by searching for the maximum radiation as a function of the director cosine u 0 , which is obtained by canceling the derivative of the function
- the principle of the invention consists in canceling the pointing error ⁇ u not by canceling the amplitudes A p but by canceling the term in the numerator of the relation (3), that is to say the term it being understood that the antenna has a symmetrical distribution, that is to say in which the elementary sources located symmetrically, except for the mechanical tolerances, with respect to the center radiate with identical amplitudes and opposite phases, with the errors of realization near .
- the device comprises means enabling it, as soon as a phase shifter has failed, to put the symmetrical phase shifter in a state at any additional time 2 ⁇ near the state in which the phase shifter is found to be faulty.
- the faulty phase shifter is in the phase state ⁇
- its symmetrical phase shifter is positioned in the phase state ⁇ - ⁇ or 3 ⁇ - ⁇ , or more generally (2 k + 1) ⁇ - ⁇ , k being an integer relative number.
- the faulty phase shifter is for example blocked in a fixed phase state ⁇ 0 and kept in this state permanently. Its symmetrical phase shifter is then blocked in the additional phase state, ⁇ - ⁇ 0 or 3 ⁇ - ⁇ 0 for example, and permanently maintained in this phase state.
- the states of phase remained available on the faulty phase shifter continue for example to be operated and the symmetrical phase shifter is positioned at all times in the additional phase state.
- phase states of the two phase shifters therefore vary with the antenna beam, while remaining additional to the nearest 2 ⁇ .
- the pointing error resulting from the fault are thus canceled and this without resorting to the cancellation of the signal radiated by the faulty phase shifter.
- phase-shifter in failure once blocked in the chosen state ⁇ 0 produces an error given by the relation (5)
- the command displayed at a given instant may be the same as in the absence of failure or then take into account the type of failure detected to, for example, best approximate the desired state by means of the phase states remaining available.
- the phase ⁇ A actually obtained is a function of the command displayed and of the fault affecting the phase shifter.
- the device according to the invention can for example be used for swing beam antennas of an MLS landing system.
- each of the two antennas in the system, the azimuth antenna and the antenna elevation radiates a fan-like beam, i.e. angularly narrow in one dimension and wide in the other.
- the spatial scanning of these beams is produced by electronic scanning at the speed of 50 microseconds per degree for example.
- the device according to the invention provides an improved MLS system in terms of accuracy pointing, therefore the precision of guiding aircraft, by the fact that the pointing errors of beating beam antennas caused by faults on electronically controlled phase shifters are compensated by the device according to the invention.
- An MLS system azimuth scanning antenna consists for example of a planar network of radiating guides regularly spaced, fed through a power distribution and connected to the output of a transmitter.
- the antenna comprises for example N radiating guides, N being even. These guides are for example numbered 1 to N / 2 for the right part and from -1 to -N / 2 for the left part.
- the guides numbered n and -n are symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the antenna and the power distribution is also symmetrical.
- Each radiating guide is associated with a 4-bit phase shifter, for example.
- phase shifters include, for example, a succession of four phase shift cells, 180 °, 90 °, 45 ° and 22.5 °, respectively.
- Each cell uses for example two diodes which are controlled either in the on state or in the blocked state. Two diodes of the same cell receive identical control signals at all times, except in the event of a fault, i.e. they are both positioned at all times, ie in the on state, which corresponds to a first phase state, ie in the blocked state, which corresponds to the second phase state of the cell.
- the device according to the invention comprises for example means to continuously monitor the status of the diodes.
- the state of the diodes is by example monitored via the control circuit by the current value in the command line and by the value of the voltage on the line command, each diode having a command line.
- a diode normally operating consumes current significant under a low voltage and in the blocked state a quasi-zero current under a voltage of several volts.
- the failure of a diode puts it either in open circuit, which is an uncommon case, that is to say a short circuit, which is the general case.
- the control circuit self-monitors for example itself and transmits to the phase shift control system, called pointer, the overall state of the control circuit and phase shifters.
- the device according to the invention is for example located in this pointer. He shares for example hardware circuits of the latter and includes for example a software installed in addition to the pointer software.
- FIG. 2 illustrates, by way of example and by a block diagram, implantation of a device according to the invention in a pointer 21.
- a bus 22 comprising all the control lines for the diodes of the phase shifters 2 connects by these lines the phase shifters 2 to the pointer 21.
- the latter includes by example the device according to the invention which is at least made up of means 23 to put a phase shifter out of order and its symmetrical phase shifter in additional phase states. It is also constituted for example means 24 for reading the state of the phase shifters. These states are obtained for example in the aforementioned manner by comparing the currents and the diode voltages of phase shifters with positioning commands carried by the control lines of bus 22.
- the other functions of the pointer 21, known to those skilled in the art are not shown.
- the phase shifters 2 are for example equipped with means 25 for establishing their state, these means acting for example by comparison of the tensions of diodes with control voltages carried by bus 22.
- a treatment of the other diode of the cell can be carried out, such that failure of a single diode only causes the blockage in one of the two normal states of the phase cell, the diode is part of it.
- the second diode of the cell can for example be put in the same microwave impedance state as the faulty diode by means for controlling the state of the diodes of the device according to the invention. So for example, if the faulty diode is in open circuit, the second diode is put in the blocked state.
- the two diodes present then the same state of impedance, open circuit, for a high signal frequency only if both were in working order and blocked. In this way, any failure of a single diode results in the blocking of the phase cell of which it is part in one of its two normal states.
- the device according to the invention can be applied not only to a passive antenna supplied through a power distribution and diode phase shifters from a centralized transmitter, but it can also apply to an active antenna incorporating the transmission function such as illustrated in FIG. 3.
- a plurality of amplifiers 31 connected to the outputs of a low level distribution 32 supplies the different radiant elementary sources.
- the phase shifters 2 are this times for example placed upstream of amplifiers 31 and possibly integrated into these, all of which can for example be produced in the form of integrated circuit.
- the device according to the invention frees the design of the antennas from the constraints resulting from the effect of the failures on the pointing accuracy. It therefore allows, by eliminating a major cause of imprecision, a simpler and therefore less costly design. It can also apply to all types of phase shifters with electronic control whatever the technology used, it applies in particular to phase shifters with ferrites, phase shifters with diodes, or phase shifters in MMIC technology, these initials coming from the Anglo-Saxon expression "Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits". In addition, it is not necessary to incorporate means into a phase shifter to prevent the latter from radiating when it is out of order.
- phase shifter is an element used in numerous copies in an antenna with electronic scanning and represents, consequently, a significant part of the cost of the antenna. Any increase in the complexity of the phase shifter therefore has a negative impact on the cost of the antenna.
- the device according to the invention also has flexibility of use due to the fact that there are a large number of solutions for choosing the phases ⁇ 0 and ⁇ - ⁇ 0 , or 3 ⁇ - ⁇ 0 for example, which is equivalent, in which the faulty phase shifter and its symmetrical phase shifter are respectively blocked.
- the device according to the invention can also be transposed to the case of an antenna with beam formation by calculation provided that this antenna is planar and symmetrical and provided that the laws of calculation of the beams are symmetrical in amplitude and in phase.
- the invention consists when one of the phase values ⁇ 0 to be used in the calculation of a given radiation pattern is designated as erroneous or even only suspect, to set, for this radiation pattern, the value phase concerning the symmetrical radiating source in the additional phase state. In this way, the pointing error linked to the erroneous phase value ⁇ 0 is canceled.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Description
- la figure 1, la constitution d'une antenne à balayage électronique plane ;
- la figure 2, un synoptique de l'implantation de moyens constitutifs du dispositif selon l'invention ;
- la figure 3, un exemple d'antenne active susceptible d'utiliser un dispositif selon l'invention.
- le nombre de déphaseurs en panne est petit devant le nombre de déphaseurs, inférieur à 10% par exemple,
- le nombre total de déphaseurs mis en oeuvre est suffisamment grand pour que l'hypothèse précédente ait un sens, ce nombre total est par exemple supérieur ou égal à 20.
Comme A-p = Ap et x-p =-xp , il s'ensuit que :
Claims (10)
- Dispositif de compensation des erreurs de pointage causées par des pannes de déphaseurs (2) d'une antenne à balayage électronique plane ayant une distribution de puissance symétrique en amplitude et en phase, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens (23) positionnant un déphaseur en panne et son déphaseur symétrique dans des états de phase supplémentaires.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les états de phase supplémentaires dans lesquels le déphaseur en panne et son déphaseur symétrique sont positionnés sont des états fixes qui ne se modifient pas en fonction du pointage du faisceau de l'antenne.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les états de phase restés disponibles sur le déphaseur en panne continuent à être exploités et le déphaseur symétrique est positionné à tout instant dans l'état de phase supplémentaire de celui du déphaseur en panne.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens (24) pour surveiller l'état des diodes des déphaseurs (2).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les déphaseurs (2) étant constitués de cellules de phase contenant chacune deux diodes, il comporte des moyens de commande de l'état des diodes de façon à ce qu'une diode d'une cellule étant en panne, la deuxième diode est mise dans le même état d'impédance hyperfréquence que la diode en panne.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'antenne à balayage électronique est active, des amplificateurs hyperfréquence (31) étant connectés en série entre les déphaseurs (2) et les sources élémentaires rayonnantes (1) de l'antenne.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'un déphaseur (2) et un amplificateur hyperfréquence (31) sont intégrés dans un même circuit.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'antenne appartient à un système d'atterrissage du type MLS.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est intégré dans le pointeur de l'antenne.
- Dispositif de compensation des erreurs de pointage causées par des valeurs devenues erronées des coefficients de calcul des phases d'une antenne à formation de faisceaux par le calcul à structure plane et symétrique et utilisant des lois de calcul symétriques en amplitude et en phase, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens positionnant le coefficient de phase erroné et le coefficient de phase concernant la source rayonnante symétrique dans des états de phase supplémentaires.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9400635A FR2715511B1 (fr) | 1994-01-21 | 1994-01-21 | Dispositif de compensation des erreurs de pointage causées par des pannes de déphaseurs d'antennes à balayage électronique ou de coefficients d'antennes à formation de faisceaux par le calcul. |
FR9400635 | 1994-01-21 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0664574A1 EP0664574A1 (fr) | 1995-07-26 |
EP0664574B1 true EP0664574B1 (fr) | 1998-12-02 |
Family
ID=9459255
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95400071A Expired - Lifetime EP0664574B1 (fr) | 1994-01-21 | 1995-01-13 | Dispositif de compensation des erreurs de pointage pour une antenne à balayage électronique |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5650786A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0664574B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3477884B2 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69506290T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2715511B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2762937B1 (fr) * | 1997-05-05 | 1999-06-11 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | Antenne active a reseau d'elements rayonnants a architecture redondante |
FR2775347B1 (fr) * | 1998-02-24 | 2000-05-12 | Thomson Csf | Procede de determination de l'erreur de calage de la face rayonnante d'une antenne reseau a balayage electronique |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3747098A (en) * | 1970-07-23 | 1973-07-17 | Univ Syracuse Res Corp | Phased array antenna |
FR2153164B1 (fr) * | 1971-09-22 | 1976-10-29 | Thomson Csf | |
FR2292370A1 (fr) * | 1974-11-21 | 1976-06-18 | Thomson Csf | Generateur hyperfrequence de puissance a diodes a resistance negative et emetteur comportant un tel generateur |
US4005361A (en) * | 1975-11-04 | 1977-01-25 | Lockheed Electronics Co., Inc. | Performance assurance apparatus for phased antenna array drives |
US4191960A (en) * | 1978-01-27 | 1980-03-04 | Hazeltine Corporation | Phased array antenna with reduced phase quantization error |
US4359740A (en) * | 1978-02-06 | 1982-11-16 | Hazeltine Corporation | Phased array antenna with extinguishable phase shifters |
FR2429505A1 (fr) * | 1978-06-20 | 1980-01-18 | Thomson Csf | Systeme d'alimentation periscopique pour antenne bi-gamme |
US4176354A (en) * | 1978-08-25 | 1979-11-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Phased-array maintenance-monitoring system |
FR2527785A1 (fr) * | 1982-05-27 | 1983-12-02 | Thomson Csf | Procede et dispositif de reduction de la puissance des signaux de brouillage recus par les lobes lateraux d'une antenne radar |
FR2548836B1 (fr) * | 1983-07-08 | 1986-02-21 | Thomson Csf | Antenne a couverture quasi torique a deux reflecteurs |
JPS6051302A (ja) * | 1983-08-31 | 1985-03-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 移相器制御回路 |
FR2557737B1 (fr) * | 1983-12-30 | 1987-12-18 | Thomson Csf | Antenne a deux reflecteurs cylindro-paraboliques croises et son procede de fabrication |
US4649393A (en) * | 1984-02-17 | 1987-03-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Phased array antennas with binary phase shifters |
FR2580868B1 (fr) * | 1985-04-19 | 1988-04-08 | Thomson Csf | Dispositif reflechissant les ondes electromagnetiques d'une polarisation et son procede de realisation |
US4697141A (en) * | 1986-07-31 | 1987-09-29 | Hazeltine Corporation | Testing of RF diode phase shifters |
US4924232A (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1990-05-08 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Method and system for reducing phase error in a phased array radar beam steering controller |
FR2640821B1 (fr) * | 1988-12-16 | 1991-05-31 | Thomson Csf | Antenne a couverture tridimensionnelle et balayage electronique, du type reseau volumique rarefie aleatoire |
US4926186A (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-05-15 | Allied-Signal Inc. | FFT-based aperture monitor for scanning phased arrays |
FR2645281B1 (fr) * | 1989-03-31 | 1991-05-31 | Thomson Csf | Mesure de la stabilite en emission-reception d'un radar |
US5083131A (en) * | 1990-05-31 | 1992-01-21 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Local compensation of failed elements of an active antenna array |
FR2664985B1 (fr) * | 1990-07-20 | 1992-11-27 | Thomson Csf | Dispositif de mesure de l'angle de site pour un radar equipe d'une antenne a reflecteur du type a double courbure. |
FR2678375B1 (fr) * | 1991-06-27 | 1997-01-24 | Thomson Csf | Procede et dispositif de mesure d'efforts lies au vent sur un systeme tournant. |
-
1994
- 1994-01-21 FR FR9400635A patent/FR2715511B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-01-13 DE DE69506290T patent/DE69506290T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-13 EP EP95400071A patent/EP0664574B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-20 US US08/376,886 patent/US5650786A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-20 JP JP02449495A patent/JP3477884B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69506290D1 (de) | 1999-01-14 |
FR2715511A1 (fr) | 1995-07-28 |
EP0664574A1 (fr) | 1995-07-26 |
JP3477884B2 (ja) | 2003-12-10 |
JPH07235824A (ja) | 1995-09-05 |
US5650786A (en) | 1997-07-22 |
FR2715511B1 (fr) | 1996-02-23 |
DE69506290T2 (de) | 1999-05-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0097073B1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de réduction de la puissance de signaux de brouillage reçus par les lobes latéraux d'une antenne radar | |
BE1010979A4 (fr) | Radar a reseau phase se surveillant et se calibrant lui-meme, et sous-ensemble d'emission/reception ajustable interchangeable. | |
EP0600799B1 (fr) | Antenne active à synthèse de polarisation variable | |
FR2627884A1 (fr) | Systeme d'atterrissage a micro-ondes | |
FR2663469A1 (fr) | Dispositif d'alimentation a des elements rayonnants d'une antenne reseau, et son application a une antenne d'un systeme d'aide a l'atterrissage du type mls. | |
WO2018141882A1 (fr) | Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire | |
FR3062523A1 (fr) | Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire | |
EP0451497B2 (fr) | Procédé de formation du diagramme d'une antenne active pour radar à balayage électronique et antenne mettant en oeuvre ce procédé | |
EP3650885B1 (fr) | Determination de dephasages d'emission pour un radar a plusieurs voies d'emission juxtaposees | |
EP0664574B1 (fr) | Dispositif de compensation des erreurs de pointage pour une antenne à balayage électronique | |
EP0068909A1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de réduction de la puissance des signaux de brouillage reçus par les lobes secondaires d'une antenne radar | |
FR2671194A1 (fr) | Systeme de protection d'un equipement electronique. | |
EP3384311B1 (fr) | Procédé de calibrage d'une antenne à balayage électronique sectorisée, et dispositif de mesure correspondante | |
EP3874628B1 (fr) | Équipement et procédé d'auto-etalonnage d'un reseau d'antennes | |
EP0486094A1 (fr) | Dispositif de réception formé d'une pluralité de branches de réception | |
EP1570292A1 (fr) | Procede de calibration d'une source hyperfrequence | |
EP3321711B1 (fr) | Dispositif de reception pour antenne a balayage electronique apte a fonctionner en mode radar et resm, et radar equipe d'un tel dispositif | |
EP1533866A1 (fr) | Architecture d'antenne adaptative multifaisceaux à formation de faisceaux par le calcul | |
EP0981837A1 (fr) | Antenne active a reseau d'elements rayonnants a architecture redondante | |
EP1152258B1 (fr) | Radar bas coût, notamment à imagerie à haute résolution | |
FR3116127A1 (fr) | Système radar d'imagerie à entrées et sorties multiples de type MIMO. | |
EP2456008B1 (fr) | Antenne à commutation de faisceau | |
EP1286416B1 (fr) | Fermeture et déphasage d'une antenne | |
WO2020127363A1 (fr) | Système de communication par rétrodiffusion ambiante, appareil et procédé associés | |
EP0874450A1 (fr) | Dispositif à amplificateurs de puissance à faible dégradation en cas de pannes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19950911 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19980126 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19981211 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69506290 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19990114 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CD |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CL Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: AU |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20100119 Year of fee payment: 16 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20100208 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20100113 Year of fee payment: 16 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20100107 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20110113 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20110930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110131 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110113 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 69506290 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20110802 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110113 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110802 |