US5585744A - Circuits systems and methods for reducing power loss during transfer of data across a conductive line - Google Patents

Circuits systems and methods for reducing power loss during transfer of data across a conductive line Download PDF

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Publication number
US5585744A
US5585744A US08/543,210 US54321095A US5585744A US 5585744 A US5585744 A US 5585744A US 54321095 A US54321095 A US 54321095A US 5585744 A US5585744 A US 5585744A
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Prior art keywords
line
channel transistor
data
voltage level
coupled
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Expired - Lifetime
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US08/543,210
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English (en)
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Michael E. Runas
Ronald T. Taylor
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Intellectual Ventures II LLC
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Cirrus Logic Inc
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Assigned to CIRRUS LOGIC, INC. reassignment CIRRUS LOGIC, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RUNAS, MICHAEL E., TAYLOR, RONALD T.
Priority to US08/543,210 priority Critical patent/US5585744A/en
Application filed by Cirrus Logic Inc filed Critical Cirrus Logic Inc
Priority to US08/620,115 priority patent/US5644255A/en
Assigned to BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST & SAVINGS ASSOCIATION AS AGENT reassignment BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST & SAVINGS ASSOCIATION AS AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: CIRRUS LOGIC, INC.
Priority to EP96307403A priority patent/EP0768671A3/fr
Priority to JP8271222A priority patent/JPH09232939A/ja
Priority to KR1019960046403A priority patent/KR100212585B1/ko
Publication of US5585744A publication Critical patent/US5585744A/en
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Assigned to CIRRUS LOGIC, INC. reassignment CIRRUS LOGIC, INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BANK OF AMERIC NATIONAL TRUST & SAVINGS ASSOCIATION
Assigned to CIRRUS LOGIC, INC. reassignment CIRRUS LOGIC, INC. CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNOR'S NAME PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 024864 FRAME 0562. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE RELEASE OF SECURITY AGREEMENT. Assignors: BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST & SAVINGS ASSOCIATION
Assigned to HUAI TECHNOLOGIES, LLC reassignment HUAI TECHNOLOGIES, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CIRRUS LOGIC, INC.
Assigned to INTELLECTUAL VENTURES II LLC reassignment INTELLECTUAL VENTURES II LLC MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HUAI TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
    • H03K19/0175—Coupling arrangements; Interface arrangements
    • H03K19/0185—Coupling arrangements; Interface arrangements using field effect transistors only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
    • H03K19/0008—Arrangements for reducing power consumption
    • H03K19/0013—Arrangements for reducing power consumption in field effect transistor circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
    • H03K19/0175—Coupling arrangements; Interface arrangements
    • H03K19/0185—Coupling arrangements; Interface arrangements using field effect transistors only
    • H03K19/018507—Interface arrangements
    • H03K19/018521—Interface arrangements of complementary type, e.g. CMOS

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to electronic circuits and systems and, in particular, to circuits, systems and methods for reducing power loss during transfer of data across a conductive line.
  • each line of a typical on-chip bus or PC board bus is long, thin conductors which extend relatively substantial lengths across the face of an insulating substrate, the substrate spacing each conductor from a ground plane and form other signal wires.
  • each line presents a significant capacitance which must be charged or discharged by a bus driver or similar circuit during data transmission. The result is substantial power consumption, particularly when a CMOS or TTL bus is driven between positive and negative power supply rails.
  • circuits, systems and methods for transferring data and/or addresses across the lines of a bus at high rates.
  • Such circuits, systems and methods should advantageously minimize power consumption and the problems attendant therewith.
  • circuits, systems and methods should be applicable to high performance integrated circuit applications, such as display controllers and semiconductor memories.
  • circuits, systems and methods should require neither expensive and complicated changes to the chip fabrication process nor a reduction in system performance for implementation.
  • a circuit for transferring data across a data line comprising a line driver for transmitting data across the data line, the line driver receiving an input data signal having a voltage swing between a first high voltage level and a first low voltage level and driving the data line with a voltage swing between a second high voltage level less than the first high voltage level and at a second low voltage level greater than the first low voltage level.
  • a receiver is also provided for receiving the data transmitted across the data line at the second high voltage level and at the second low voltage level, the receiver outputting the data at the first high voltage level and at the first low voltage level.
  • the principles of the present invention are further embodied in an integrated circuit having at least some circuitry operating between a preselected supply voltage and ground.
  • the integrated circuit comprises a plurality of blocks of processing circuitry and a bus having a data line for transferring data between the blocks.
  • a first one of the blocks comprises a line driver for transmitting data across the data line, the line driver receiving an input data signal with a first voltage swing between a first high voltage level substantially equal to the preselected supply voltage and a first low voltage level substantially equal to ground.
  • the line driver drives the data line with a second voltage swing between a second high voltage level less than the first high voltage level and a second low voltage level greater than the first low voltage level.
  • a second one of the blocks comprises a receiver for receiving the data transmitted across the data line at the second voltage swing. The receiver then outputs the data at the first voltage swing.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention is a line driver for transmitting data across a data line, the line driver operating between ground and a voltage supply rail having a voltage output of V CC .
  • the line driver comprises a p-channel transistor having a drain coupled to ground, a source coupled to the data line, and a gate for receiving an input data signal having a maximum input logic level substantially equal to V CC and a minimum input logic level substantially equal to ground potential.
  • the p-channel transistor limits an output voltage level on the data line to a minimum output voltage level, V TP , above ground, where V TP is substantially equal to the threshold voltage of the p-channel transistor.
  • the line driver further comprises an n-channel transistor having a drain coupled to the power supply rail, a source coupled to the data line, and a gate for receiving the input data signal.
  • the n-channel transistor limits an output voltage level on the data line to a maximum output voltage level, V CC -V TN , where V TN is substantially equal to the threshold voltage of the n-channel transistor.
  • Circuits, systems and methods embodying the principles of the present invention have substantial advantages over prior art techniques for transferring data across bus lines at high rates.
  • the principles of the present invention allow for the minimization of power consumption, and the problems attendant with power consumption, without requiring changes to the chip fabrication process or a reduction in system performance.
  • these circuits, systems and methods are advantageously applied to display control systems in which substantial amounts of data and corresponding addresses must be transferred between the frame buffer and the controller.
  • FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a display control system
  • FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram of bus line driver/receiver circuitry embodying the principles of the present invention, the circuitry of FIG. 2 suitable in one application for transferring data across address and data buses coupling the display controller and frame buffer of the system illustrated in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of a typical input voltage waveform and a typical line voltage waveform of the bus line driver circuit illustrated in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an electrical schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the bus line driver circuitry of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is an electrical schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the bus line driver circuitry of FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. 1-5 of the drawings in which like numbers designate like parts.
  • FIGS. 1-5 of the drawings in which like numbers designate like parts.
  • the principles of the present invention will be described as if implemented in a display system frame buffer, although these principles may be applied to a number of different data processing circuits and systems, as will become apparent from the discussion below.
  • FIG. 1 is a high level functional block diagram of the portion of a processing system 100 controlling the display of graphics and/or video data.
  • System 100 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 101, a system bus 102, a display controller 103, a frame buffer 104, a digital to analog converter (DAC) 105 and a display device 106.
  • Display controller 103, frame buffer 104 and DAC 105 may be fabricated together on a single integrated circuit chip 107 or on separate chips.
  • Display controller 103 and frame buffer 104 are coupled by an address bus 108 and an associated data bus 109 constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • CPU (“master") 101 controls the overall operation of system 100, determines the content of graphics data to be displayed on display unit 106 under user commands, and performs various data processing functions.
  • CPU 101 may be, for example, a general purpose microprocessor used in commercial personal computers.
  • CPU 101 communicates with the remainder of system 100 via CPU bus 102, which may be, for example, a local bus, an ISA bus or a PCI bus.
  • DAC 105 receives digital data from display controller 103 and outputs in response the analog data required to drive display 106.
  • DAC 105 may also include a color palette, YUV to RGB format conversion circuitry, and/or x- and y-zooming circuitry, to name a few options.
  • Display 106 may be for example a CRT unit or liquid crystal display, electroluminescent display (ELD), plasma display (PLD), or other type of display device which displays images on a display screen as a plurality of pixels. It should also be noted that in alternate embodiments, "display" 106 may be another type of output device such as a laser printer or similar document view/print appliance.
  • ELD electroluminescent display
  • PLD plasma display
  • FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram of bus driver/receiver circuitry 200 for transferring data across a transmission line, such as a given line 201 of address bus 108 or data bus 109. It should be noted that in system 100, driver/receiver circuitry 200 could also be applied to the transfer of data and/or addresses between bus 102 and display controller 103, between display controller 103 and DAC 105, or between DAC 105 and display 106, to name only a few examples.
  • selected bus line 201 is assumed to be unidirectional for discussion purposes.
  • line driver 202 is shown driving an output load represented by a standard CMOS inverter 220, which is comprised of p-channel transistor 224 and n-channel transistor 223. It should be understood, however, that other output loads may be used.
  • the capacitive loading of bus line 201 is represented by the parasitic capacitance C PARA , discussed further below.
  • data is transmitted across bus line 201 using non-inverting line driver 202, which includes p-channel transistor 204 and n-channel transistor 203.
  • Line driver 202 operates between voltage rails of V CC and V SS .
  • V CC is typically in the range of +3.3 V to +5 V and V SS is typically 0 V.
  • V CC is 3.3 V and V SS is 0 V for the remainder of this disclosure.
  • 20%-25% of
  • when V CC 3.3 V+/-10%.
  • V TN and V TP are about 0.7 V. It should be understood, however, that such operating parameters and device parameters are merely illustrative and a wide range of other parameter values may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • line driver 202 is best understood by referring to the timing diagram in FIG. 3, in conjunction with FIG. 2.
  • the drain of the p-channel device is connected to V SS (ground), the drain of the n-channel device is connected to V CC , and the sources of both devices are coupled to bus line 201.
  • the gate voltage, V IN of n-channel transistor 203 equals V CC
  • the source of n-channel transistor 203, which is connected to line 201 cannot go any higher than V CC -V TN , because at that point, V GSN , the gate-to-source voltage of n-channel transistor 203 will be less than the threshold voltage, V TN , and n-channel transistor 203 will be cut off (i.e., enter the "pinch-off" operating region).
  • V OUT the output of inverter 220
  • the upper limit voltage of 2.6 V is more than sufficient to drive n-channel resistor 223 into saturation and reduce V OUT to 0 V
  • the lower limit voltage of 0.7 V is more than sufficient to drive p-channel resistor 224 into saturation and raise V OUT to substantially 3.3 V.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the present invention that eliminates steady-state power dissipation in inverter 220.
  • inverter 401 drives a standard CMOS inverter comprised of p-channel transistor 404 and n-channel transistor 403.
  • inverter 401 and transistors 404 and 403 together form a "standard" non-inverting line driver which has an input (V IN ) connected to the input of bus line driver 202 (transistors 203 and 204) and an output connected to the output (V LINE ) of bus line driver 202.
  • bus line driver 202 operates in parallel with the "standard" non-inverting driver.
  • transistors 404 and 403 are designed to sink much less current than transistors 203 and 204 of bus line driver 202, typically 2 or 3 orders of magnitude less current. The voltage on bus line 201 will therefore be controlled by bus line driver 202 and the output waveform on V LINE will still resemble FIG. 3 at high speed.
  • bus line driver 202 when bus line driver 202 is no longer transmitting data across bus line 202 and V LINE is static at either V TP or V CC -T TN , the "standard" non-inverting line driver is still “on”. Therefore, bus line 201 will (eventually) be driven to either V CC or 0 V by the "standard" non-inverting line driver and power loss in inverter 220 will drop to zero.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the present invention that may be used to hold the voltage on bus line 201 to a predetermined level when V LINE is static and that provides a means for allowing more than one driver circuit to be connected to the same bus.
  • the output of bus line driver 202 is connected to V CC by resistor 505 and to ground (V SS ) by resistor 506.
  • Resistors 505 and 506 typically have very large resistances.
  • the signal V IN is switched to line driver 202 by inverter 501, NAND gate 504 and NOR gate 503.
  • the output enable signal, OE* is applied to NAND gate 504 (through inverter 502) and NOR gate 503 and is used to enable/disable the output of line driver 202.
  • NAND gate 504, NOR gate 503, and inverters 501 and 502 are standard CMOS gates similar to inverter 220 and have output voltage swings between substantially V CC and substantially V SS .
  • OE* is an active low signal that allows V IN to pass through NAND gate 504 and NOR gate 503 to the gates of transistors 203 and 204 whenever OE* is low.
  • the output of NAND gate 504 is substantially equal to V CC and p-channel transistor 204 is cut off (i.e., in "pinch-off” operating region).
  • the output of NOR gate 503 is substantially equal to V SS and n-channel transistor 203 is cut off (i.e., in "pinch-off” operating region).
  • bus line 201 may be set to a range of values between V SS and V CC .
  • V LINE will be equal to V CC /2 whenever OE* is high. This is advantageous in that it allows the output voltage on line driver 202 to turn on faster when OE* is switched to zero and V IN begins to transmit data.
  • either resistor 505 or resistor 506 may be omitted in order to eliminate steady-state power dissipation in inverter 220.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Logic Circuits (AREA)
  • Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
US08/543,210 1995-10-13 1995-10-13 Circuits systems and methods for reducing power loss during transfer of data across a conductive line Expired - Lifetime US5585744A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/543,210 US5585744A (en) 1995-10-13 1995-10-13 Circuits systems and methods for reducing power loss during transfer of data across a conductive line
US08/620,115 US5644255A (en) 1995-10-13 1996-03-21 Circuits systems and methods for reducing power loss during transfer of data across a conductive line
EP96307403A EP0768671A3 (fr) 1995-10-13 1996-10-11 Circuits, systèmes et méthodes pour réduire une perte de tension pendant le transfert de données dans une ligne conductrice
KR1019960046403A KR100212585B1 (ko) 1995-10-13 1996-10-14 도선을 거쳐 데이터가 전달되는 동안 전력 손실을 감소시키는 회로 및 방법
JP8271222A JPH09232939A (ja) 1995-10-13 1996-10-14 導電線を通したデータ伝送中の電力損失を減少させる回路、システム、及び方法

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KR100212585B1 (ko) 1999-08-02
EP0768671A2 (fr) 1997-04-16
JPH09232939A (ja) 1997-09-05
US5644255A (en) 1997-07-01
EP0768671A3 (fr) 1998-01-21
KR970022779A (ko) 1997-05-30

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