US5516481A - System for containerless processing of materials under a state of compensate-gravity - Google Patents
System for containerless processing of materials under a state of compensate-gravity Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5516481A US5516481A US08/299,858 US29985894A US5516481A US 5516481 A US5516481 A US 5516481A US 29985894 A US29985894 A US 29985894A US 5516481 A US5516481 A US 5516481A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- medium
- chamber
- gas
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- pressure medium
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D22/00—Producing hollow articles
- B29D22/04—Spherical articles, e.g. balls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C39/42—Casting under special conditions, e.g. vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B29D99/0042—Producing plain balls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/54—Balls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/772—Articles characterised by their shape and not otherwise provided for
- B29L2031/7734—Spherical
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S75/00—Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therein, consolidated metal powder compositions, and loose metal particulate mixtures
- Y10S75/953—Producing spheres
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S75/00—Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therein, consolidated metal powder compositions, and loose metal particulate mixtures
- Y10S75/96—Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therein, consolidated metal powder compositions, and loose metal particulate mixtures in zero gravity environment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49712—Ball making
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a containerless processing system (method and apparatus) for materials under a state of compensated-gravitation, wherein a material is processed under a state of substantially non-gravitation or of substantial weightless by compensating or inhibiting the influence of gravity.
- Processing materials under a state of compensated-gravitation makes it possible to form true spheres, or to melt materials without using a crucible so that it is possible to avoid contamination of impurities into the melt.
- the free-falling method can not be used for a process requiring a long period of time. It has not been possible to obtain a uniform weightless state by the method utilizing supersonic or electromagnetic waves, since they cause irregularity and deviation of the gravitation field. Accordingly, even though it was known that distinctly useful materials could be produced under a weightless state from experiments or theories, it has been practically impossible to manufacture useful material in sufficient quantities, since there was neither the means of providing a non-gravitational field readily at low cost, nor the means of keeping the non-gravitational state for a long period.
- a containerless processing method for materials under a state of non-gravitation subjects a material to a physical, chemical or metallurgical treatment in a pressurized medium which can contain various kinds of fluids (a plurality of different fluids) each of which has a different density from the other, whereby the material is processed under a state of substantial non-gravitation.
- a pressurized medium which can contain various kinds of fluids (a plurality of different fluids) each of which has a different density from the other, whereby the material is processed under a state of substantial non-gravitation.
- a single substance can be used having a distributed density variation in a vertical direction, or without such variation.
- a containerless processing apparatus for materials under a state of compensated-gravitation comprises a chamber containing a material; means for filling said chamber with a pressure medium of a single substance having density variation in vertical direction or no variation in said chamber or with a pressure medium consisting of various kinds of fluids each of which has a different density; and means for treating said materials physically, chemically or metallurgically, located in said chamber.
- This pressure medium may be a highly pressurized single gas or liquid, or a highly pressurized mixture of a plurality of gases or liquids. These gases and liquids may be either of static or they can move. In a case where the pressure medium consists of a plurality of fluids each having a different density, these fluids can be arranged separately in layers, or mixed.
- the invention is useful in subjecting a material to a physical, chemical or metallurgical treatment as by producing another material from a material by providing a physical, chemical or metallurgical change to the material; or manufacturing or processing material in various phases and physical compositions; or synthesis of a material by a chemical reaction; or glass-formation from a melt by heating and solidifying; or controlling of a fine structure.
- a physical, chemical or metallurgical change for materials means softening of the material, shape-transformation of the material or transformation of composition or structure.
- a state of compensated-gravitation can be formed in a highly pressurized medium.
- a medium of such as gas or liquid is pressurized to a high pressure, the specific gravity of this medium becomes very large. Accordingly, an extremely large buoyancy acts on materials in the medium having a large specific gravity; thus making it possible to form a state of compensated-gravitation.
- a gas is assumed as to have a small specific gravity. However, when a gas is subjected to high pressure, its specific gravity markedly is increased. For example, when Ar gas is pressurized to 1,000 atm. at room temperature, its specific gravity will be almost equal to that of water.
- FIG. 1 is a graph which shows a relation of pressure and density of Ar gas at various temperatures, A, B, C and D. Pressure (MPa) is shown along the abscissa, and density of Ar gas (kg/m 3 ) is shown along the ordinate. This graph shows that a gas highly pressurized is capable of yielding an extremely large buoyancy.
- a large buoyancy is obtained by a medium being subjected under a high pressure and therefore being given a large specific gravity. Accordingly, if a substance with a large molecular weight or atomic weight is selected for use, a large enough specific gravity to form a state of compensated-gravitation can be easily obtained at a relatively low pressure. In other words, use of a gas having a large specific gravity at ordinary pressure, makes it possible to generate a larger buoyancy.
- a mixture containing a plurality of various kinds of fluids each having a different density as a pressure medium for providing buoyancy to a material, makes it possible to achieve containerless processing at the same pressure in a case where materials to be processed under a state of compensated-gravitation have various densities.
- the influence of pressure on materials can be made to be equivalent, regardless of kinds of materials to be processed.
- a fine control of the medium pressure which is required for suspending a material when a medium has no variation in density, becomes unnecessary.
- oxygen, nitrogen or other reactive gas when mixed into the medium, it is possible to oxidize, nitride or react with the material to be processed, whereas if the material to be processed is an oxide, a nitride or other compounds (chloride and the like), it is possible to prevent its decomposition.
- a material is suspended in a pressure medium consisting of single fluid or a plurality of different fluids, each of which has a different density and subjected to a physical or chemical treatment.
- the material may be processed to provide physical, chemical, metallurgical or other changes thereof, even in production.
- it is possible to apply an extremely large buoyancy on the material, whereby the material can be processed or produced under a state of substantially compensated-gravitation.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing relations between pressure and density, at temperatures of 300K, 600K, 1000K and 1500K, of Ar gas;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the present invention, in which a material is processed by an apparatus comprising pressure vessel 1, heater 2 and sample plate 3;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the present invention, in which a mixture as a pressure medium is adapted to be circulated by convection heater 8;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the present invention, in which convection fan 9 is installed in place of the convection heater illustrated in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing still another embodiment of the present invention, in which a heater is installed at the only upper part of the vessel for forming a buoyancy distribution;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing still another embodiment of the present invention, in which a material can be continuously processed under a substantially weightless state;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing still another embodiment of the present invention, in which a plurality of materials can be processed simultaneously using a horizontally long pressure chamber;
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing still another embodiment of the present invention, in which a material or a pressuring media can be locally heated by using an optical means such as an infra-red beam or the like;
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing still another embodiment of the present invention, in which a supersonic generator is disposed outside a pressure chamber.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing still another embodiment of the present invention, in which a supersonic generator is installed inside a pressure chamber.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- Heater 2 is installed in pressure chamber or vessel 1 for processing a material.
- Material 4 to be processed is put on a sample plate 3 and inserted into pressure chamber 1.
- unprocessed material 4 is shown with a dot-dash line.
- a medium such as a highly pressurized gas or the like in introduced into pressure chamber 1.
- material 4 is lifted by buoyancy of the medium from the position on sample plate 3 to the position aligned to heater 2 (as shown by material 5) and is kept floating at the position aligned to heater 2.
- Material 5 in this state is subjected to heat treatment by means of heater 2.
- a plurality of different kinds of medium e.g. fluids each of which has a different density
- these fluids are made to be separated from one another.
- the separated fluid occupying the lower part of the vessel is selected so as to have a higher density than that of a material to be processed, while the medium occupying the upper part of the vessel is selected so as to have a lower density than that of the material. Consequently, the material is stabilized to be positioned at the interface between the fluid layers.
- fine control of the pressure required, when a single substance is used as the pressure medium becomes unnecessary.
- a pressure medium consisting of a single kind of gas can be adapted to vary in density along a vertical direction to change its buoyancy.
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment in which heater 2 for heating only the pressure medium occupies the upper part of the pressure chamber 1 so as to effectively generate an uneven buoyancy.
- the pressure medium in this case consists of, as stated above, a single substance. Also a plurality of different kinds of fluids, each of which has a different density, may be used as the pressure medium.
- FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the present invention which enables continuous processing of a material.
- heater 2 is provided for both heating a material positioned in the upper part of pressure chamber 1 and yielding a buoyancy distribution in the pressure medium.
- a sample plate 3 for holding a material.
- this heater 2 is adapted to heat the pressure medium at the upper part of pressure chamber 1 in order to make the density of the upper part medium lower than that of the lower part medium; thus forming a buoyancy distribution in which density increases from the top toward the bottom.
- the medium density at the upper part of the chamber is made to be lower than that of a material to be processed, whereas the medium density at the lower part of the chamber is made to be higher than that of the material.
- material 4 (the unprocessed material) is supplied as droplets from the lower center portion of sample plate 3.
- the medium density is relatively low at the upper end of the chamber, so that material 5 (the material being processed) gradually moves downward, and is heated by heater 2 at the position in which heater 2 is disposed. Then, the material moves downward below heater 2, and thus falling material 6 (the processed material falling) is cooled down. With the material moving downward, increasing buoyancy is exerted on the material, whereby material 7 stops moving at the lower part of the chamber 1 and is suspended).
- the material is processed while falling in the medium having a buoyancy distribution, and thus processed material 7 can be cooled and collected while being floated and suspended. As a result, it is possible to process materials continuously without using a vessel therefor.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing still another embodiment of the present invention.
- flat or laterally long pressure chamber 10 is used, and sample plate 3 is disposed on the bottom.
- Material 4 are fed in a large amount on this sample plate 3 and therefore can be subjected simultaneously to various treatments as stated above, such is physical, chemical and metallurgical treatment.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing still another embodiment of the present invention.
- the material being suspended can be manipulated so as not to move freely and touch, for example, the heater in vessel.
- optical heat source 11 such as emitting an infrared beam or the like
- concave mirrors 12 in the upper part of the vessel.
- FIG. 9 shows an embodiment in which supersonic generator 13 is disposed outside the chamber 1.
- material 5 can be suspended not only by the buoyancy of the pressure medium but also the sound pressure of supersonic. Accordingly, the sound pressure generated by this supersonic generator 13 can be used as a lateral support as well as an auxiliary suspending means supplementing the pressure medium.
- FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which supersonic generator 14 is disposed inside the pressure chamber 1 for performing the same effect as in FIG. 9.
- a material is electrically conductive, to make the material carry magnetic force, as by means of electro-magnetic induction coil, utilized as an auxiliary suspending means.
- a material to heat treatment or other treatment by the procedure comprising the steps of: pressurizing a medium at room or other ordinary temperature; introducing the pressurized medium into the chamber to suspend a material, charging and enclosing this pressure medium into the chamber by closing a valve; and heating at constant volume the pressure medium enclosed in the chamber while keeping the buoyancy constant, that is, while keeping the material suspending at a constant position.
- an HIP (hot isostatic pressing) unit for instance, can be used as for the means for pressurizing a medium.
- the HIP unit has been widely used as a means for obtaining a highly pressurized environment in various fields of the material manufacture, and this makes this invention practicable for industrial production purposes.
- a material is charged into a chamber of the HIP.
- a predetermined medium for example, argon gas
- the material charged in the chamber is subjected to buoyancy; thus enabling the material to be suspended.
- the material is treated or formed into a desired material by providing physical, chemical, metallurgical or other changes.
- Various treatments can be obtained by preparing a specific HIP unit for each such treatment.
- the present invention it becomes possible to conduct on earth (at ground level) instead of in outer space or under free-fall conditions, material manufacturing processes, specifically, material synthesis by melting without using a container, control of crystal growth, preparation of true spheres and the like. Moreover, since the pressurizing means itself is an established technology, the present invention is generally useful in industrial applications.
- the medium used in this invention is in the fluid state, i.e., gas or liquid, before pressurization.
- a gas is used as a medium, some kinds of media change from the gas state into the liquid state when the medium is pressurized.
- the fluid state includes liquid and gas state, which are not possible to differentiate above the critical point of the substance. Accordingly, even if, for example, a gas-state medium in charged into the chamber of a HIP unit, the medium may change into the liquid state when the medium is being pressurized to create a state of compensated-gravitation.
- a liquid medium can be also pressurized.
- a liquid-state medium in which a material is charged is to be pressurized, however, the compression ratio of a liquid is smaller than that of a gas, so that the variation in specific gravity due to pressure is small; thus only a solid which has a specific gravity close to that of the liquid medium can be suspended in a state of compensated-gravitation. Therefore a liquid may be ineffective as a medium.
- a gas medium is pressurized, a large variation in specific gravity can be obtained with small change in pressure, so that various kinds of solid materials can be advantageously suspended as in a state of compensated-gravitation by controlling the pressure.
- a sphere of polyethylene was produced.
- a pressure medium of argon gas was used in HIP unit.
- the material was heated at temperature of 160° C. for one minute in the pressure medium of 130 MPa.
- the pressure of the pressure medium was controlled in a narrow range to suspend the material in the chamber.
- a B 2 O 3 glass sphere was produced in HIP unit by using a pressure medium of xenon gas.
- the glass material was heated to 600° C. for 30 minutes.
- hydrostatic pressure of about 200 MPa was applied to the pressure medium. This treatment condition was for the glass sphere of about 10 mm diameter.
- the thus formed glass sphere was measured on its sphericity was 0.05 ⁇ m, which was as high as the highest precision of the steel balls used for the industrial bearings.
- a sphere of Nylon-6 was produced.
- a pressure medium of argon gas was used in HIP unit.
- the material was heated at temperature of 250° C. for 30 minutes in the pressure medium of 350 MPa.
- the pressure of the pressure medium was controlled in a narrow range to suspend the material in the chamber. These conditions were for producing a sphere of about 10 mm diameter.
- Sphericity of the obtained Nylon-6 sphere was about 2 ⁇ m, which was as high as the balls of Nylon-6 produced by conventional industrial processes.
- a material was to be treated using a pressure medium of plural fluids being arranged in layers horizontally.
- B 2 O 3 glass was treated with a pressure medium consisting of xenon gas and argon gas.
- a pressure medium consisting of xenon gas and argon gas.
- argon gas In filling the gases, at first argon gas, and then xenon gas was injected.
- the glass material was heated to 600° C. and at this temperature kept for 230 minutes.
- a hydrostatic pressure of 200 MPa was applied to the above-mentioned gas mixture. In this case, no fine controlling of pressure was required unlike the case of using a single gas.
- the thus formed glass sphere was measured on its sphericity by a sphericity measuring device.
- the resultant sphericity was 0.05 ⁇ m, which is as high as the highest precision of steel balls used for the industrial bearings.
- a large, amount of material was processed at the same time using a flat cylindrical pressure vessel as shown in FIG. 7.
- the use of a pressure vessel having such a shape allows a large area for setting material, thus making it possible to treat large quantities at once.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/299,858 US5516481A (en) | 1991-05-22 | 1994-09-01 | System for containerless processing of materials under a state of compensate-gravity |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP3-147872 | 1991-05-22 | ||
JP14787291A JPH04346828A (ja) | 1991-05-22 | 1991-05-22 | 見かけ無重量下での材料の処理方法 |
JP3299952A JPH0747121B2 (ja) | 1991-10-18 | 1991-10-18 | 無重力状態下での材料の処理方法及び装置 |
JP3-299952 | 1991-10-18 | ||
US88611892A | 1992-05-20 | 1992-05-20 | |
US8946793A | 1993-07-12 | 1993-07-12 | |
US08/299,858 US5516481A (en) | 1991-05-22 | 1994-09-01 | System for containerless processing of materials under a state of compensate-gravity |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US8946793A Continuation | 1991-05-22 | 1993-07-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US5516481A true US5516481A (en) | 1996-05-14 |
Family
ID=26478287
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US08/299,858 Expired - Fee Related US5516481A (en) | 1991-05-22 | 1994-09-01 | System for containerless processing of materials under a state of compensate-gravity |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5516481A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0515999B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69221212T2 (de) |
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US6346689B1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2002-02-12 | The Australian National University | Cell and method for forming a composite hard material and composite hard materials formed thereby |
US6484539B1 (en) | 1996-01-11 | 2002-11-26 | Containerless Research, Inc. | Glass fiber having compositions of alumina-lanthana and made from undercooled molten materials |
US6609119B1 (en) | 1997-03-14 | 2003-08-19 | Dubai Aluminium Company Limited | Intelligent process control using predictive and pattern recognition techniques |
US20050106058A1 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-05-19 | Billiet Romain L. | Method for binder extraction and sintering of green bodies in a state of weightlessness |
CN113165373A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-07-23 | 克劳德伯纳德里昂第一大学 | 由受应力颗粒介质辅助的增材制造方法 |
CN114920251A (zh) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-19 | 江西广源化工有限责任公司 | 一种高球度硅微粉及其制备方法 |
US11697152B2 (en) | 2020-02-14 | 2023-07-11 | Bryan Kekst Brown | Vitriforming—a method for forming material at liquid temperature within a vitreous forming medium |
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CN104210110B (zh) * | 2014-09-17 | 2016-10-05 | 北京智谷技术服务有限公司 | 3d打印辅助方法、装置及3d打印设备 |
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SU444735A1 (ru) * | 1973-02-02 | 1974-09-30 | Специальное конструкторское бюро магнитной гидродинамики института физики АН Латвийской ССР | Установка дл изготовлени гранул |
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JPS61168596A (ja) * | 1985-01-18 | 1986-07-30 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | ダイヤモンド結晶成長装置 |
US4758267A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1988-07-19 | Energy Science Laboratories, Inc. | Ultrafine particle and fiber production in microgravity |
EP0286310A1 (de) * | 1987-03-30 | 1988-10-12 | Crystallume | Diamant-Teilchen-Wachstum im Wirbelbett |
EP0313069A2 (de) * | 1987-10-23 | 1989-04-26 | Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zum Herstellen von sphärischen Gegenständen |
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-
1992
- 1992-05-22 DE DE69221212T patent/DE69221212T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-05-22 EP EP92108691A patent/EP0515999B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1994
- 1994-09-01 US US08/299,858 patent/US5516481A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6484539B1 (en) | 1996-01-11 | 2002-11-26 | Containerless Research, Inc. | Glass fiber having compositions of alumina-lanthana and made from undercooled molten materials |
US6609119B1 (en) | 1997-03-14 | 2003-08-19 | Dubai Aluminium Company Limited | Intelligent process control using predictive and pattern recognition techniques |
US6346689B1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2002-02-12 | The Australian National University | Cell and method for forming a composite hard material and composite hard materials formed thereby |
US20050106058A1 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-05-19 | Billiet Romain L. | Method for binder extraction and sintering of green bodies in a state of weightlessness |
US7144548B2 (en) | 2003-11-17 | 2006-12-05 | Romain Louis Billiet | Method for binder extraction and sintering of green bodies in a state of weightlessness |
CN113165373A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-07-23 | 克劳德伯纳德里昂第一大学 | 由受应力颗粒介质辅助的增材制造方法 |
CN113165373B (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2024-01-12 | 克劳德伯纳德里昂第一大学 | 由受应力颗粒介质辅助的增材制造方法 |
US11697152B2 (en) | 2020-02-14 | 2023-07-11 | Bryan Kekst Brown | Vitriforming—a method for forming material at liquid temperature within a vitreous forming medium |
CN114920251A (zh) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-19 | 江西广源化工有限责任公司 | 一种高球度硅微粉及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0515999A3 (en) | 1993-01-13 |
DE69221212D1 (de) | 1997-09-04 |
EP0515999B1 (de) | 1997-07-30 |
EP0515999A2 (de) | 1992-12-02 |
DE69221212T2 (de) | 1998-01-22 |
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