US5286924A - Mass terminable cable - Google Patents

Mass terminable cable Download PDF

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Publication number
US5286924A
US5286924A US07/949,457 US94945792A US5286924A US 5286924 A US5286924 A US 5286924A US 94945792 A US94945792 A US 94945792A US 5286924 A US5286924 A US 5286924A
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conductors
weight
polymer
dielectric
cable
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Expired - Fee Related
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US07/949,457
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Inventor
Harry A. Loder
Denis D. Springer
John L. Roche
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3M Co
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Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
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Assigned to MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING CO. reassignment MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING CO. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: LODER, HARRY A., ROCHE, JOHN L., SPRINGER, DENIS D.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0233—Cables with a predominant gas dielectric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/08—Flat or ribbon cables
    • H01B7/0838—Parallel wires, sandwiched between two insulating layers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved electrical cable and process for making the subject cable having a low dielectric constant, and in particular, a flexible cable having one or more conductors having improved transmission line characteristics, improved crush resistance, and capable of mass termination.
  • Foamed polyethylene insulative materials are known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,529,340, where the foam coated conductors were placed in a sheath which is shrunk onto the foam covered conductors.
  • Another patent is U.S. Pat. No. 4,680,423, disclosing a foam-type insulation such as polypropylene or polyethylene surrounding conductors, which foam covered conductors are then embedded within an insulating material such as polyvinyl chloride.
  • the foamed insulation is said to contain a large percentage of air trapped within the material.
  • the insulating material is used to hold the conductors in a parallel configuration and provides strength to the cable when subjected to compression.
  • This foamed material because of the high degree of orientation of the closed polyhedral cells, contributes to the strength of the structures.
  • W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. sells cable made with "Gortex" dielectric films, a porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Polytetrafluoroethylene is not a conventional thermoplastic and is not easily processed and is costly.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • High speed cables of the prior art generally utilize expanded PTFE dielectrics such as those sold by W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. or foamed perfluoro polymers.
  • expanded PTFE dielectrics such as those sold by W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. or foamed perfluoro polymers.
  • Such cable structures have lower crush resistance as compared to solid dielectrics. This lower crush resistance results in reduced transmission line performance as a result of damage caused by normal routing or handling of cables made from these conventional dielectrics.
  • cables made in ribbon format with polytetrafluoroetylene generally have silver plated or nickel plated conductors to avoid the oxidation of the conductors during processing. Use of either of these plated conductors causes significant cost increase. In addition, if nickel is used, difficulty in soldering to the conductors is encountered.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,110,998 describes a foamed structure for use as an insulative material for individual conductors smaller than 1.27 mm and annular insulation thickness less than 0.51 mm.
  • the insulative material is flash spun over a moving wire in air at ambient temperature and pressure or by an extrusion spinning method.
  • the crush resistance of the material is described in column 3 lines 64 to column 4 line 9. The recovery rate is not considered sufficient to provide good electrical properties to signal wire and the material is not suitable for making ribbon cable.
  • the present invention provides a product having improved crush resistance over unsintered expanded polytetrafluoroethylene without the time consuming and expensive process of forming sintered cylinders or grooves in the dielectric as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,730,088 assigned to Junkosha Co., LTD, Japan.
  • the product of the present invention in addition to having the improved electrical properties at substantially reduced cost and with improved crush resistance, does not have the dielectric discontinuities associated with the formation of sintered shapes as with prior art.
  • the process used to form this product also can be accomplished at substantially reduced temperatures permitting conductors to be used with or without plating which provides additional cost reduction.
  • the unique crush resistant properties of the subject product result since the polymers employed to make the insulation do not have the uncharacteristic changes caused by sintering as with PTFE but rather have the improved properties immediately upon cooling thus eliminating the costly and time consuming sintering processes.
  • the present invention relates to a cable for transmitting electromagnetic signals which cable comprises a conductor, and a layer of thermally stable, crush resistant, fibril microporous heat sealable thermoplastic crystallizable polymer dielectric surrounding the conductor, said dielectric having a void volume in excess of 70%, a propagation velocity of the insulated conductor greater than 85% the propagation velocity in air and the recovery rate after being under a 500 gram weight for 10 minutes greater than 92% of the initial thickness. It is desirable to have the material have a density less than 0.3 gm/cc.
  • a plurality of conductors are positioned in equally spaced continuous relationship and a layer of microporous fibril thermally stable, crush resistant, heat sealable thermoplastic dielectric.
  • An example of a suitable thermoplastic material is a crystallizable polymer, such as polypropylene.
  • the ribbon cable having a plurality of conductors can be prepared by a hot lamination process of at least a pair of opposed microporous thermoplastic sheets each prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,539,256 or 4,726,989.
  • the sheet is a thermoplastic polymer, for example a polyolefin having dielectric characteristics and crush resistance of polypropylene.
  • a laminating process embeds spaced wires within the layers of the thermoplastic sheet, yet does not collapse the interstices or spaces in the sheets surrounding the conductor which would dislodge any included air.
  • a ribbon cable can also be manufactured by using an adhesive coating on such a sheet or mat during the lamination process.
  • the dielectric having been biaxially expanded contains nodes or nodules with fine diameter fibrils connecting the nodules in three dimensions. Since on a microscopic basis, the insulation is nonuniform in density, the rate of heat transfer through the polymer is controlled by the cross sectional area of the fibrils. The application of heat and pressure at the bond zones between the wires has virtually no impact on the dielectric around the conductor as the fibrils are small enough to significantly reduce the rate of heat transfer between the nodules and therefore through the entire dielectric structure. This is an important characteristic since this phenomena prevents the bonding between conductors from causing collapse of the cell structure around the conductors.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a section of cable constructed according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cable of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the manufacturing process for cable of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary detail side view of the tooling rolls of the manufacturing equipment
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a cable showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a cable according to FIG. 1, which has been processed to form discrete wires;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a discrete wire according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a novel cable structure having a low dielectric constant, i.e., below the dielectric constant of solid polytetrafluoroethylene and utilizing a thermoplastic material having improved characteristics and economics of processing.
  • the product so disclosed also has improved crush resistance over unsintered expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the process used to form this product also can be accomplished at substantially reduced temperatures permitting conductors to be used with or without plating which provides additional cost reduction.
  • the unique crush resistant properties of the subject product result since the polymers employed to make the insulation do not have the uncharacteristic changes caused by sintering as with PTFE but rather have the improved properties immediately upon cooling thus eliminating the costly and time consuming sintering processes.
  • the following detailed description refers to the drawing.
  • a cable 15 comprising a plurality of spaced flexible conductors 16 constructed of any electrically conductive material commonly used in the electronic industry.
  • the cable 15 further comprises an insulator 18 disposed about the conductors 16 to maintain the same in spaced relationship and surrounding the conductors 16.
  • the insulator is preferably a microporous dielectric thermoplastic polymer, e.g. polypropylene formed in continuous sheets or mats and placed on the conductors and bonded together to seal the conductors in spaced relationship.
  • a preferred microporous dielectric is the fibril microporous material described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,539,256 and 4,726,989, and assigned to Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, of St. Paul, Minnesota.
  • the disclosures of U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,539,256 and 4,726,989 are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the '256 patent above referred to describes a method of making a microporous fibril sheet material comprising the steps of melt blending crystallizable thermoplastic polymer with a compound which is miscible with the thermoplastic polymer at the melting temperature of the polymer but phase separates on cooling at or below the crystallization temperature of the polymer, forming a shaped article of the melt blend.
  • an antioxidant is added to improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of the fibril material.
  • the cooling of the shaped article to a temperature at which the polymer crystallizes will cause phase separation to occur between the thermoplastic polymer and the compound to provide an article comprising a first phase comprising particles of crystallized thermoplastic polymer in a second phase of the compound.
  • Orienting the article in at least one direction will provide a network of interconnected micropores throughout.
  • the microporous article comprises about 30 to 80 parts by weight crystallizable thermoplastic polymer and about 70 to 20 parts by weight of compound.
  • the oriented article has a microporous structure characterized by a multiplicity of spaced randomly dispersed, equiaxed, non-uniform shaped nodes, nodules or particles of the thermoplastic polymer which are coated with the compound. Adjacent thermoplastic particles within the article are connected to each other by a plurality of fibrils consisting of the thermoplastic polymer. The fibrils radiate in three dimensions from each particle. The amount of compound is reduced by removal from the sheet article, e.g., by solvent extraction.
  • Patent No. ' 989 relates to a microporous material as described in patent No. '256, but incorporating a nucleating agent to permit greater quantities of additive compound to be used and providing a higher degree of porosity in the material.
  • microporous material as used in the present invention is as follows:
  • Polypropylene (ProfaxTM 6723, available from Himont Incorporated), 0.25 weight percent (based on the polymer) dibenzylidene sorbitol nucleating agent (MilladTM 905, available from Milliken Chemical), and 4.6 weight % of IrganoxTM 1010 from Ciba Geigy, a substituted phenol antioxidant (based on the weight of polymer used), and mineral oil (AmocoTM White Mineral Oil #31 USP Grade available from Amoco Oil Co., at a weight ratio of polypropylene to mineral oil of 35:65, were mixed in a BerstorffTM 40 mm twin screw extruder operated at a decreasing temperature profile of 266° C.
  • the mixture was extruded, at a total throughput rate of 20.5 kg/hr., from a 30.5 cm ⁇ 0.7 mm slit gap sheeting die onto a chill roll casting wheel.
  • the wheel was maintained at 65.6° C. and the extruded material solid-liquid phase separated.
  • a continuous sheet of this material was collected at 1.98 meter/min. and passed through a 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-Trifluoro Ethane (duPontTM Vertrel 423) bath to remove approximately 60% of the initial mineral oil.
  • the resultant washed film was lengthwise stretched 125% at 110° C. It was then transversely stretched 125% at 121° C. and heat set at 149° C.
  • the finished porous film at a thickness of 0.024 cm, was tested in a 113° C. convection oven to determine its resistance to oxidative degradation. After 168 hours at this temperature, the material showed no visible degradation including cracking when bent 180° around a 3.2 mm diameter mandrel.
  • a second example of the microporous material is as follows:
  • the mixture was extruded, at a total throughput rate of 4.5 kg/hr., from a 35.6 cm ⁇ 0.6 mm slit gap sheeting die onto a chill roll casting wheel.
  • the wheel was maintained at 71° C. and the extruded material solid-liquid phase separated.
  • a continuous sheet of this material was collected at 0.78 meter/min. and passed through a 1,1-Dichloro2,2-Trifluoro Ethane (duPontTM Vertrel 423) bath to remove approximately 60% of the initial mineral oil.
  • the resultant washed film was lengthwise stretched 200% at 121° C. It was then transversely stretched 200% at 121° C. and heat set at 121° C.
  • thermoplastic polymer is not intended to include polymers characterized by including solely perfluoro monomeric units, e.g., perfluoroethylene units, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) which under extreme conditions, may be thermoplastic and rendered melt processable. It will be understood that, when referring to the thermoplastic polymer as being “crystallized,” this means that it is at least partially crystalline. Crystalline structure in melt processed thermoplastic polymers is well understood by those skilled in the art.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a transverse cross-section of the cable of FIG. 1 taken in a position to illustrate a plurality of conductors 16 arranged in a row in spaced parallel relationship and surrounded by the dielectric layer 18.
  • the layers of the insulative microporous fibril sheet 18 are bonded in an area 21 between the conductors 16 and outboard of the conductors on the edge of the cable.
  • the insulative material of the bonded sheets is reduced in thickness in the bonding area 21.
  • This bonding of the sheets of dielectric material defines a spacing between the conductors and positions the fibril dielectric insulator 18 about each conductor 16 in the cable.
  • the bonding in the area 21 is accomplished by heat fusing of two or more webs or sheets of the thermoplastic polymer together in the area 21 on each side of the conductors 16.
  • cable 15 is formed by dispensing a plurality of conductive fibers or wires 22 from supply reels 25 over guide rolls 26 and 27 and between an upper tooling roller 29 and a lower tooling roller 30.
  • Around the upper tooling roller 29 is guided continuous webs 31 and/or 31a of microporous thermoplastic polymer drawn from supply rolls 32 and/or 32a.
  • One or more continuous webs 34 and/or 34a of microporous thermoplastic polymer is drawn from rolls 35 and/or 35a and is guided around the lower tooling roller 30.
  • the conductive fibers 22 which form the conductors 16 are thus positioned between the webs 31, 31a and 34, 34a and the resulting laminate or cable is wound upon a reel 36.
  • the tooling rolls 29 and 30 are held in an adjustable spaced relationship to each other thereby allowing adjustment of the gap between the rolls and the tooling rolls 29 and 30 are formed with thin spaced disc-like portions 33 separated to allow the fibers 22 and the webs (31, 31A, 34, 34A) to pass between the discs 33, but the discs 33 are so close that the pressure and temperature of the rolls bond the webs between the discs in the areas 21 which generally have a dimension corresponding to the axial dimension of the discs.
  • Bonding the webs between the conductors 16 without experiencing a collapse of the web structure surrounding the conductor 16 has been experienced by controlling the line speed through the laminator rolls 29 and 30 and controlling the temperature of the rolls 29 and 30.
  • Typical conditions for polypropylene material are temperatures of 140° C. and four (4) meters per minute.
  • FIG. 5 A second embodiment of a cable 40 is illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the webs 42 corresponding to webs 31 and 34 are coated with an adhesive 43 which serves to bond the webs together in the areas 21 between the conductors 16.
  • the bonding process can still cause a crushing of the microporous webs in the bonding areas 21 but the webs 42 are not subjected to heat if a pressure sensitive adhesive is used. If a hot melt adhesive is used, then heat will be applied. It is preferred to strip coat or zone coat the webs 42 so the adhesive is only present in the bonding areas 21.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a cable constructed according to the cable of FIG. 2 but this figure illustrates the forming of discrete wires from a ribbon cable forming apparatus according to FIG. 3.
  • the dielectric material in the bonded areas 21 has been further reduced, as at 45, by the tooling rolls to an extent that the thermoplastic material is weakened and that the conductors 16 and the surrounding dielectric sheet material 18 are readily separated from the adjacent conductor 16 to form discrete insulated wires 60 as illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • samples of the basic ribbon cable 15 have been made using a polypropylene porous fibril material and 30 gauge wire, spaced 1.270 mm (0.050 inch), which yielded the results as follows in Table 1:
  • the electrical data indicates that the sample has a signal velocity equal to 92% of that achieved with an air dielectric. Void volumes of 70% and above are easily obtainable. In the above example, the density of the dielectric is 0.18 gm/cc.
  • Table 2 shows a comparison of a sample of the improved cable with available data on other cables and the cable of the present invention is as good as the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and the embodiment described offers many advantages over the prior known cable structures.
  • the microporous thermoplastic material should preferably have a density of between 0.82 gm/cc and 0.15 gm/cc and the spacing of the conductors and thicknesses of the webs are selected to provide the desired electrical characteristics.
  • the conductor sizes can vary also according to the electrical characteristics that are desired.
  • microporous polypropylene material and the polymethylpentene material recovered to an amount greater than 92% of the original thickness. In fact the preferred range is 95% or greater.
  • the PTFE material from the Gore cable recovered to only between 90 and 91.43% of the original thickness. This improved crush resistance affords lower bend radii and improved handling and routing durability.
  • the polyethylene material recovered less than 90% of its original thickness and lacked the desired crush resistance.
  • Table 4 shows the results of an additional test for crush resistance, using similar Gore material samples and the polypropylene material with 17% oil. All measurements and tests were done at room temperature. The unloaded thickness and width of each sample was measured and recorded. A sample was then placed under a bench micrometer anvil of 9.98 mm diameter. When the anvil was lowered onto the sample, a 1500 gram weight was applied to the sample by the anvil of the micrometer which corresponds to approximately 191.55 Kpa pressure. The sample was left in this loaded condition for ten (10) minutes and then measured. The weight was then removed. The thickness was again measured after a ten (10) minute interval. The difference between initial and loaded thickness is the amount of compression under a known load. Comparing the final thickness measurement with the loaded measurement provides a measurement of the insulation's ability to recover from a known load. The data is recorded in Table 4.
  • the level of oil retained to achieve the proper balance is preferably between 15% and 25% by weight of the finished film.
  • a ribbon cable could also be made with the present invention by using adhesive to bond the top and bottom insulation layers in the bond zones without the use of high bonding temperatures but this is not the preferred method since the adhesive would have a higher dielectric constant which would reduce the cable electrical performance.

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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
US07/949,457 1991-09-27 1992-09-22 Mass terminable cable Expired - Fee Related US5286924A (en)

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US76658091A 1991-09-27 1991-09-27
US07/949,457 US5286924A (en) 1991-09-27 1992-09-22 Mass terminable cable

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EP (1) EP0605587B1 (it)
JP (1) JPH06511346A (it)
AU (1) AU2650592A (it)
BR (1) BR9206553A (it)
CA (1) CA2115071A1 (it)
DE (1) DE69207775T2 (it)
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US5519172A (en) * 1994-09-13 1996-05-21 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Jacket material for protection of electrical conductors
US5744756A (en) * 1996-07-29 1998-04-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Blown microfiber insulated cable
US6037545A (en) * 1996-09-25 2000-03-14 Commscope, Inc. Of North Carolina Coaxial cable
US6054651A (en) * 1996-06-21 2000-04-25 International Business Machines Corporation Foamed elastomers for wafer probing applications and interposer connectors
US20030001698A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2003-01-02 Fjelstad Joseph Charles Transmission structure with an air dielectric
US20030094727A1 (en) * 2001-11-21 2003-05-22 Lange William H. Method of forming a PTFE insulation layer over a metallic conductor and product derived thereform
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US6649841B2 (en) 2000-12-01 2003-11-18 Andrew Corporation Corrugated coaxial cable with high velocity of propagation
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US6734364B2 (en) 2001-02-23 2004-05-11 Commscope Properties Llc Connecting web for cable applications
US20040256139A1 (en) * 2003-06-19 2004-12-23 Clark William T. Electrical cable comprising geometrically optimized conductors
US20060021772A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-02 Belden Cdt Networking, Inc. Dual-insulated, fixed together pair of conductors
US20060131060A1 (en) * 2002-12-02 2006-06-22 Denis Reibel Three-deimensional moulded planar cable, method for production and use thereof
US20060185505A1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2006-08-24 Shock Tube Systems, Inc. Redundant signal transmission system and development method
US20080073105A1 (en) * 2006-09-21 2008-03-27 Clark William T Telecommunications cable
US20120127648A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2012-05-24 Nexsan Technologies Limited Apparatus for Storing Data
US8466365B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2013-06-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Shielded electrical cable
US8492655B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2013-07-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Shielded electrical ribbon cable with dielectric spacing
US8575491B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2013-11-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrical cable with shielding film with gradual reduced transition area
US8658899B2 (en) 2009-06-19 2014-02-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Shielded electrical cable
US8841554B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2014-09-23 3M Innovative Properties Company High density shielded electrical cable and other shielded cables, systems, and methods
US8859901B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2014-10-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Shielded electrical cable
WO2014206437A1 (en) 2013-06-24 2014-12-31 Abb Technology Ltd A new process for preparing insulation materials for high voltage power applications and new insulation materials
US8976530B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2015-03-10 Nexsan Technologies Limited Data storage apparatus
US9119292B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2015-08-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Shielded electrical cable in twinaxial configuration
US9355755B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2016-05-31 3M Innovative Properties Company High speed transmission cable
US9685259B2 (en) 2009-06-19 2017-06-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Shielded electrical cable
US10147522B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2018-12-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrical characteristics of shielded electrical cables
US10150252B2 (en) 2014-09-23 2018-12-11 Stryker Sustainability Solutions, Inc. Method of recoupling components during reprocessing
WO2020016751A1 (en) * 2018-07-19 2020-01-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Universal microreplicated dielectric insulation for electrical cables
WO2020027962A1 (en) * 2018-07-31 2020-02-06 Commscope Technologies Llc High strength dielectric member for a communications cable
US10839981B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2020-11-17 3M Innovative Properties Company High speed transmission cable
CN112567480A (zh) * 2018-08-13 2021-03-26 3M创新有限公司 具有结构化电介质的电缆
US10964448B1 (en) * 2017-12-06 2021-03-30 Amphenol Corporation High density ribbon cable
US11410800B2 (en) 2018-07-31 2022-08-09 Commscope Technologies Llc Low cost extrudable isolator from slit-tape
US20220375648A1 (en) * 2021-05-21 2022-11-24 Tyco Electronics (Shanghai) Co. Ltd Ribbon Cable

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EP0605587A1 (en) 1994-07-13
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WO1993006603A1 (en) 1993-04-01
TW198118B (it) 1993-01-11
CA2115071A1 (en) 1993-04-01
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EP0605587B1 (en) 1996-01-17
BR9206553A (pt) 1995-11-07

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