US526542A - Apparatus for bleaching smoke - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 l J. T. SANDS. APPARATUS POP. BLBAGHING. SMOKE. y No. 526,542. Patented Sept. 25, 1894.

. J0 v 0% J5 @j 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

J T SANDS APPARATUS PoR BLBAGHINGSMOKE.

No. 526,542. Patennedsept. 25,1894* @gf-ffm wa, SM@

UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES T. SANDS, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING SMOKE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 526,542, dated September 25, 1894.

Application filed March 5, 1894,

T @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES T. SANDS, ot the city of St. Louis, State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Bleaching Smoke, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

My invention relates to an improved apparatus for bleaching smoke, and consists in the novel construction, combination `and arrangement of parts hereinafter described, designated in the claim, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in whichj Figure 1 is a diagrammatic View, showing the manner in Which my improved smoke bleacher is connectedwith the steam supply. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a portion of a chimney having a portion of its upper end in section, and showing the manner in which the pipe discharges therein. Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 7 are similar views to that of Fig. 2, but showing modified forms of the manner in which the smoke is discharged into the upper end of the chimney. Fig. 6 is a plan View of the upper end of the truncated pipe illustrated in Fig. 5. I l

The object of` my` invention is to locate a pipe in such a manner that it willY discharge steam that is forced through it immediately into the smoke at the upper end of the chimney, where the smoke is the coolest.-

Referring to the drawings: The numeral 1 designates a portion of a building; 2, the chimney; 3, the engine room; 4, the ioor above said engine room; 5, the boiler; 6, the steam engine, and 7 the radiator, which is located on the upper surface of the door 4. Connected to the steam-dome 8 of the boiler 5 is a pipe 9, which leads to the steam-chest 10 of the engine 6, and an exhaust pipe 11 leads from said steam-chest to and discharges into the water heater 12.` Y

13 indicates a pipe which leads from the pump to the heater 12 and connects with a coiled pipe 14, which is located within said heater, and the upper end of said coil is en- Serial No. 502,321. (No model.)

gaged by a pipe 15 which leads to the boiler 5. By theconstruction of this heater` 12 the exhaust steam is discharged from the engine into said heater and heats the coil 14 which causesthe water as it passes through the pipe 13 and said coil to be heated before it reaches the boiler 5.

Connected to the upper end of the heater 12 is a pipe 16, which is connected to a pipe 17 by a T-coupling 18, and said pipe 17 is constructed `with a valve 19 and leads to the steam radiator 7.

20 indicates a pipe which leads to and discharges into the lower end of the vapor tank 21.

22 indicates a pipe, one end of which is connected to the T-coupling 18 and the other end is engaged by a vertical steam-supply pipe 23, which leads to the upper end of the chimney 2.

24 indicates a pipe which leads from the vapor tank 21, and is connected to the pipe 22 intermediate its ends by a T-coupling 25. Located on the pipe 22 between'the T- couplings 25 and 18 is a valve 26.

27 designates a pipe which leads from the boiler to the pipe 22, and said pipe 27 is a suitable amount smaller than the pipe 22 so that it can project into said last mentioned pipe `towardthe lower end of the pipe 23. This pipe 27is constructed with avalve 28, so that the flow of steam through said pipe can be regulated. l

The pipe` 23 is of suiiicient length that the upper end will be approximately in horizontal alignment with the upper end of the chimney, and the upper end of said pipe is constructed with an elbow-coupling 29, so that the pipe 30, which is engaged thereby, will project over the chimney and adjacent thereto. Said pipe 30 is of such a length that the elbow-coupling 3l, which is engaged thereby, will be approximately in the center of the chimney, and said coupling 31 is engaged by a short vertical pipe 32,so that the steam discharged therefrom will project upward from the chimney.

The chimney illustrated in the drawings is constructed with an inner klining, 33 which projectsa distance above the upper end of the pipe 32. l By this constructionthe steam will be discharged from the pipe 32 into the lining 33. i y I desire to state that the location of the discharge pipeis notan essential feature of my i invention, for it can belocated in such a manner that the steam will be discharged above the lining, or a greater distance below the upper end' than is shown inthe drawings.

Referring now to Figs. 3, 4, 5,6, and 7, the numeral 2 designates the chimney and 33 th' .1

inner lining thereof.

In Fig. 3 I have shown an annularpipe 34 which is located upon the upper endof the chimney and approximately the same size in diameter as the inner lining33. Said pipe 34 is constructed with a series of apertures which are so formed that a jet of steam therefrom `will project across the upper .end ofthe chimney. The steam-supply pipe 23 is connected to the annular piper-3.4 by an elstantially the same as that illustrated in Fig.

2, with the exception that a truncatedpipe yis connected to` thel elbow-coupling 31.

i The upper end of said pipe-40 isthe largest i and provided with a cover 41 having a series said boiler.

12, it passes through the pipes 16 and 17 intoE `the radiatork 7, and after it leaves said radiator it passes through the pipe 2O into the van portank 21, and from said vaportank through of perforations 42 therein. The object of having the upper end of this pipe made larger and provided with a perforated cover is toal- Vlow the steam to spread and be discharged? from the pipe in jets so the smoke will easily l commingle therewith. f

In Fig. 7 the elbow-coupling 31 is engaged being the largest so the smoke can spread ing it to more readily comminglewith the smoke.

rEhe operation is as follows: The valve 26. beingclosed `and the valve 19 open, exhaust steam discharged vfrom the'engine will pass through the pipe 11 into the heater 12, which Vwill heat the water as it passes through the coil 14 from the pump to the boiler 5, thus;y

partially heating the water before it reaches After the steam leaves the heater the pipe 24 into the pipe 22, and from said pipe 22 is conveyed tothe upper end of the chimneyby the pipe 23, and the upper end of said pipe 23 isso constructed that steam dissmoke as it is dischargedfrom ,the/chimney.

the arrangement of ypipes justy menf l tioned,fthev `exhaust steam from theengine` ycharged therefrom will com-mingle kwith they" canbe utilized for heating purposes,'aud'- 1` thenr conveyed to the upper end of the chim-j ney and kdischarged in such a manner that. it i y Will commingle with the smoke,

I have foundmby practical experience that steam discharged into the chimney adjacent f the upper end will colnmingle with the smoke as it is discharged fromsaid chimney and tok n 4the eye of the observer causes it to appear of a lighter color, and' apparently bleach ther same, which will `overcome the black smoke 'ordinances of cities.' The discharge ofV hot vapor or wet steam closely adjacent the upper end (and interior) of the chimney causes a down-draft or reverse-currentof cold air, which enters the top ofy the chimney and mingles with theV hot vapor or wet steam at` such point and condenses the steam in a great measure, both before and after it has united with the iioating or iiying particles of carf` bon of the'smoke, and the waterthus formed and the particles of carbon thus taken up by said water,are formed into drops of liquid of such size and weight that they are immediately gravitated to the bottom of the chimney, and' resemble drops of black ink which areso large that theycannot be 'vapori'zed by the heat ofthe chimney until after they fall. I have also found in some instances that where the exhaust steam is usedr for heating purposesy that `the discharge from the pipek 32 is not sufficient to overcome the black smoke at all times, especially when there has been a great amount of fresh fuel applied to the iire, which, it is ywell known, will cause a great amount of black smoke. To ysupply the required amount of steam at this time, I

have constructed a pipe 27 which leads di` rectly to they pipe 22 and projects thereinto,

. and is bent at right angles soL that ajet of steam discharged therefrom will .project to, by a conical-shaped pipe 43, the `upper end f,

ward the pipef23. This pipe 27 is provided g with a valve 28 so that theiiow of steam somewhat before it leaves said pipe,thus caus- 1 from the boiler into said pipe 22 can be regulated.

ICO y IIO coupling` 3l projects upwardso thatthe steam n discharged from the pipe 32 will project upward. I' desire to state that thiscoupling can be turneddown, so that vthe steam `discharged therefrom will project down and meet and commingle with the smoke as it passes out through the chimney. I have also found by practical experience that on somek chimneysthe device works to better advan- 1 tage with the exhaust end adjacent the top,

while in otherchimneysa betterresult is obtained by having the exhaustend ofthe pipe a distance below the upper endof the chimlney. This operation dependsgreatly on'the size, height and draft of the chimney, as

there are very few chimneys with the ksame i Se y im 526,542 v e draft. Therefore, the device can be adjusted the chimney, and a jet-discharging steam relative to the top of the chimney to correpipe connected to said last mentioned pipe spend with the draft thereof. for forcing and guiding the steam upward,

What I claim is i substantially as set forth.

5 The combination in a devicefor bleaching In testimony whereofI ax my signature in r 5 smoke, of a steam pipe leading from a suitpresence of two witnesses. y able steam-supply to a chimney a distance JAMES T. SANDS.

` below the upper end thereof, another steam Witnesses: i

pipe connected to the upper end of said first W. J.- SANKEY,`

1o mentioned pipe for conveying the Steam into y JNO. C. HIGDON.

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