US1086519A - Liquid-fuel burner. - Google Patents

Description

T. B. FERGUSON.

LIQUID FUEL BURNER. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 5, 1912.

Patented Feb. 10, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

5 vwe Wcoz T 3.74% $39 a de M4213:

' MvW T. B. FERGUSON.

LIQUID FUEL BURNER. APPLICATION FILED JAN.5,1912.

Patented Feb. 10, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

5] vwe W600. 7' @EW 3% 13 A49- alitovm mg;

I 1 l a d v n r n COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH couwasnma'row, 11c.

T. B. FERGU$ON.

LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

APPLIUATION FILED JAN. 5. 1912v Patented Feb. 10, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Jam m wy MW ing flame-guarding THOMAS B. FERGUSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

LIQUID-FUEL BURNER.

Application filed January 5, 1912.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 10,1914.

Serial No. 669,619.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS E. FERGUSON, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Brooklyn, in the city of New York, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in LiquidFuel Burners, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to burners for kerosene and other liquid hydrocarbons, and is particularly intended for producing a heating flame, and constitutes a modification of the burner of the same class illustrated and described in my companion application filed January 5, 1912, Sr. No. 669,620. The burner of such companion application is characterized by a burner proper comprisand flame-deflecting means arranged to deflect a flame jet backwardly or downwardly and outwardly in the form of a flame annulus; which flame then spreads laterally and outwardly, in-

closing a space through which passes a return bend vaporizing tube, through which tube the oil is passed in order that same may be vaporized before it is projected outward; The} construction of such burner is such that the 7 from the burner to form the flame.

flame does not directly play upon the vaporizing tube, except where such tube passes at} right angles across the path of the flame; and the portions of such tube so passing; across the flame are so small, and are so; situated with respect to the main vaporizing;

portion of the tube, that such slight direct action of the flame has no detrimental effect. The main portion of the vaporizlng tubei is heated in the main by heat radiated from the flame but modified by a down-draft of air induced by the flame itself in its passage through the burner; such down-draft air passing into the interior of the flame-- deflecting means and there mingling with the flame gases and helping to support combustion. Other features which also characterize said burner of my companion application it is not necessary to refer to at this point.

The burner herein illustrated and described is of the same general nature as the and very effective burner of the class de-.

scribed; to avoid formation of deposits in the vaporizing tube, and to so design the burner that its flame shall be little disturbed by external air drafts.

Other objects of my invention will appear hereafter.

I will now proceed to describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and will then point out the novel features in claims.

In the drawings: Figure 1 shows a central vertical section of one form of my improved burner mounted upon a suitable tank. Fig. 2 shows a side elevation of my improved burner looking from the right hand side of Fig. 1, portions of the burner being broken away and other portions being shown in section. Fig. 3 shows a horizontal section of the burner on the line a2-m of Fig. 2. Fig. 1 shows a detail elevation and partial section of means for supplying water to the water trough of the burner. Fig. 5 shows a top view of the burner, the vaporizing tube being sectioned horizontally; and Fig. 6 shows a horizontal section of the burner on the line 1 of Fig. 2, portions of the burner being shown as broken away to disclose other parts below, some of which other parts are also shown in horizontal section.

In the drawings 1 designates a pressure tank containing the kerosene or other fuel for the burner, and 2 a pipe for conveying the oil from tank 1 to the vaporizing tube 3, The upper portion of the tank 1 is, customarily, an air space containing air or other gas under pressure sufficient to force the oil up into the vaporizing tube. Pipe 2 terminates in a screw-connection 4 screwing into a bore 6 formed in a burner base 5 and one branch of the vaporizing tube also screws into this bore, the said burner base therefore forming a connection between pipe 2 and the vaporizing tube 3. The other side of the vaporizing tube screws into a further bore 7 formed in the burner base, and communicating with a gas conduit 8 provided in burner base 5. A conduit 9 leads from this gas conduit 8 and is provided at its top with a burner orifice 11. A needle valve 12 in pipe 2 regulates the flow of oil into the vaporizing tube and so regulates the flow of gas to the burner orifice 11.

The space 13 immediately above the burner orifice 11 constitutes an initial combustion space. this space being inclosed by a two part shell. 1415, member 14.- having in it suitable air inlet openings 16, and member 15 having near its top a gas exit opening 17, such opening 17 being preferably somewhat to one side as indicated in Fig. 1. The member 14 has at its lower end a hub 10 screwing upon the upper end of the tube 9. The section 14 of said shell has projecting from it a platform 18. above the member 15 of the initial-combustion chamber shell is a bell-shaped member 19 constituting a flame-guard and flame-deflector. Thismember 19 rests upon spurs 151 projecting from member 15. At its top flame-deflector 19 is provided with a projecting flange 191 upon which rests a further flame deflector 21. Flame deflector 19 is provided internally with a head 27, removably secured to said member 19 as shown, and therefore replaceable if occasion for replacement arises; and within said member 19 there is also a conical liner sleeve 271, separated from member 15 by a slight space and also separated from the inner wall of member 19 by a slight space, and spaced from member 19 by bosses 272 provided at suitable intervals. There are ports 28 between the top of liner 271 and the bottom of member 27, for the passage of flame and combustible gases into the space between members 19 and 271; and there is also space between the inner surface of liner 271 and the outer surface of member 15, for the passage of flame between said members 15 and 271. The structure 1927271 therefore constitutes a flame-deflector adapted to direct the flame from burner orifice 11 backwardly or downwardly and as a flame annulus; which flame annulus, as it emerges at the lower edges of members 19 and 271, is directed outwardly by member 18 and, being prevented from rising immediately by the de- Hector 2]., passes the lower edge of said deflector 21 and thence rises upwardly as a flame annulus, inclosing, but not ordinarily impinging upon, vaporizing tube 3.

In the top of member 19 there are air ports 24 communicating with an annular space 273 formed in head 27, said head having at its top ports 274 for the passage of air from such annular space 273 into the space between the inner surface of member 19 and the outer surface of members 27 and 271. The top of the member 19 is further provided with other air admission ports 241 leading to the space between the outer surface of member 19 and the inner surface of member 21; and directly beneath these ports 241 is a U-section draft guard 242 which turns upwardly air entering through ports 241, such air passing over the upper edges of member 242 and also through port-s 243 formed in the upper edges of member 242 and thence downward, mingling with the flame and combustible gases passing over the surface of platform 18. -As will be seen, the ports 24 and 241 are very effectively guarded, so that the air entering through them must spread out well before it mixes with the flame; the result of which is to avoid excessive local combustion in the flame, that is to say, to avoid too complete combustion before the gases have passed beneath the lip at the bottom of member 21 and to promote thorough mixture of the entering air with th flaming gases. It will also be noted that by the construction described, the members 19 and 27-271 are thoroughly jacketed by entering air currents, and are thereby protected against excessive temperatures.

The vaporizing tube 3 is, according to the construction shown in Fig. 1, composed of side portions or legs 3 screw-connected at the top to a cross member 3 of somewhat greater diameter than the legs 3 Such sectional construction is rendered feasible in a burner of this sort, by reason of the fact that, owing to the wide spread of the flame inforced by the deflectors and platform 18, the flame does notplay directly upon the screw-joints of the vaporizing tube.

Beneath the platform 18 there is a water trough 31, to which water is supplied by means hereafter described. There are ports 29 and 30 in platform 18, which permit water vapor formed in this trough to mingle with the flame passing over the platform 18; and there are ports 31 in the trough permitting water vapor also to mingle with the air currents entering air ports 16 of member 14. I have found that admixture of water vapor with the flame, is desirable in most cases and that the water vapor thus mingled with the flame materially modifies the character of the flame, producing a much hotter flame than would otherwise be obtained, and one that is much less likely to deposit carbon, and also preventing roaring of the flame.

Ta-ter is supplied to trough 31 by means of a pipe 311 (Figs. 1 and 4). Water is supplied to said pipe 311 by any suitable means. I have indicated for the purpose, in Fig. 4, a water tank 312 provided with a discharge-cock 313, the water dripping from which enters a cup 314 and thence flows into pipe 311. I have shown tank 312 as supported from pipe 311 by a post 315; but the manner of support of the water tank is immaterial. In operation, water is allowed to fall usually drop by drop, from cock 313 into cup 314.

The action of this burner, supposing itto be already in operation, is as follows: Oil, forced upward from the tank 1 to pipe 2, by the pressure of compressed air or other gas in said tank, passes into the vaporizing tube 3, and in passing through said tube is subjected to heat radiated inward from the hollow cylindrical flame surrounding said tube and passing up around deflector 21,

LOO

the radiation of such heat being modified as to its influence on the vaporizing tube, by the downwardly flowing current of relatively cold air, which enters the ports of deflector 19. Where the legs of the vaporizing tube pass through the flame, as they do just above the platform 18, they are transverse to the path of the flame, the portion of the tube so passing through the flame being therefore very small. Moreover, in one of such portions of the vaporizing tube, the oil is still too cold to be vaporized, whereas in the other leg of such tube the oil exists in the form of a vapor; therefore the direct action of the flame on these small portions of the tube will not cause formation of deposits in either case.

By reason of the substantial freedom of the vaporizing tube from actual contact with the flame, and by reason of the modifying action of the downwardly flowing air current within the flame annulus, the vaporizing tube is maintained at a relatively moderate temperature which, however, is sulficiently high to thoroughly vaporize the oil, but without causing cracking of the oil, such as results in formation of carbon or tar deposits.

The oil vapor produced in the vaporizing tube passes into the gas c nduit 8 of the burner base and thence up through conduit 9, emerging through the burner orifice 11. Owing to the pressure maintained with in the vaporizing tube 3, the gas issues from the burner orifice 11 with great velocity, drawing in air through the air ports 16. Combustion begins ordinarily within the structure lll5, and as the partly burned gases are deflect-ed downward by the deflecting structure 27271-19, they draw in air through ports 24 and 241 which air assists in maintaining combustion of the gases, besides ]n'otecting the parts of the flame-deflecting structure against overheating. The gases pass through the annular space between members 15 and 271, and also through the annular space between members 271 and 19, and below the lower edge of the deflector 21, and thence pass more or less directly upward in the form of a flame annulus. During the passage of the gases as described, considerable water vapor, resulting from evaporation of water in the trough 31, is mingled with them, modifying the flame and increasing its heating power. The heat thus produced is very intense and, being well diffused, is well. calculated to heat objects rapidly and efficiently. At the same time, the flame is so protected by the structure 1-i.1519-2727l, and platform 18, that it is very little affected by external air drafts. The flame is readily regulated by means of the needle valve 12. Owing to the fact that flame orifice 17 is somewhat to one side of the axis, the flame has a peculiar retary motion within the burner, which motion helps to insure thorough mixture of the air with the combustible gases. The frequent changes in direction of the flame, produced by the deflecting structure described, also help to insure thorough mixture of air with the combustible gases.

For starting the burner into action, that is to say, for heating up the structure 14t--15-19, etc, and vaporizing tube 3, I employ a starting burner 39 illustrated particularly in Figs. 2 and 6. The construction and operation of this starting burner is fully illustrated and described in my companion application above referred to, and need not be described herein, except by the statement that it is in effect a small Bunsen burner receiving oil from the tank 1 or other suitable source of supply, heating such oil by passing it through a vaporizing tube n, and thence projectin it through the Bunsen tube 40.

The main burner herein described is capable of making gas in considerably greater quantity than required for the burner itself; and since it is frequently desirable to maintain an illuminating flame or other small flame in addition to the main flame of the burner, in such cases I provide a valve 4:6 connecting with the gas conduit 8 of the burner base and communicating with a pipe 47 leading to any suitable point, as for example, to a valve l-S to which a suitable burner may be applied. A pipe 171 leads back from pipe 47 to the interior of flame deflector 19, the inner end of this pipe 171 being closed by a plug 172, except for a very small hole through such plug. This pipe 471 serves to lead into the main flame liquid which may accumulate in the upper portion of pipe 47 and in valve 18, due to condensation or other causes.

The burner base 5 is provided with a trough 4L9 to receive any possible drip from the main burner. Said burner base 5 is further provided with a cleaning rod 50, within gas conduit 9 and mounted upon the end of a screw 51 passing through a suitable stuiiing box of base 5. Normally, this cleaning rod is backed away from burner orifice 11; but if for any reason burner orifice 11 becomes obstructed, the cleaning rod may be forced through such orifice, by means of screw 51, clearing said orifice of any such obstruction. The end of the screw 51, being adapted to seat against the lower end of tube 9, forms a valve, supplemental to valve 12, for regulating the action of the burner; and the rod 50 forms a further supplemental valve, since when in, or in close promimity to, orifice 11, it restricts flow through that orifice.

The burner herein described is particularly intended for use in stoves, furnaces, etc, and therefore is not shown as provided with the foramiuous tiameguards with which burners intended for use in the outer air are commonly provided. If, however, it be desired to use this burner in the open air, rather than within an inclosure, such as the fire pot of astove or furnace, such foraminous flame-guards may be provided and may be mounted upon platform 1&.

In certain of the following claims I have referred to the lower ends of the flame deflectors 19 and 21 as the rear ends thereof, it being obvious that the burner is capable of operation in positions other than vertical, and therefore that the said rear ends of the deflectors are not necessarily lower ends thereof.

lVhat I claim is l. A burner comprising in combination an inclosure containing an initial combustion chamber, said inclosure having a flameescape orifice, a flame-deflector in the path of flame projected from said orifice and arranged to deflect such flame backward and as a flame annulus, said deflector open at its rear end, and a liner within said deflector and between said inclosure and deflector, there being a passage between said inclosure and said liner, the recited structure being provided with means connecting the space within the liner with the space between said liner and deflector.

2. A burner comprising in combination an inclosure containing an initial combustion chamber, said inclosure having a flameescape orifice, a flame-deflector in the path of flame projected from said orifice and arranged to deflect such flame backward and as a flame annulus, said deflector open at its rear end, and a liner within said deflector and between said inclosure and deflector, there being a passage between said inclosure and said liner and another passage between said liner and said deflector, the recited structure being provided with means connecting the space within the liner with the space between said liner and deflector.

3. A burner comprising in combination an inclosure containing an initial combustion chamber, said inclosure having a flameescape orifice, a flame deflector in the path of flame projected from said orifice and arranged to deflect such flame backward and as a flame annulus, said deflector open at its rear end, and a liner within said deflector and between said inclosure and deflector, there being a passage between said in closure and said liner, the recited structure being provided with means connecting the space within the liner with the space between said liner and deflector, and being further provided with means for the admission of air to the space between the liner and deflector. a

at. A burner comprising in combination an inclosure containing an initial combustion chamber, said inclosure having a flameescape orifice, a flame-deflector in the path of flame projected from said orifice and arranged to deflect such flame backward and as a flame annulus, said deflector open at its rear end, a liner within said deflector and between said inclosure and deflector, there being a passage between said inclosure and said liner, the recited structure being provided with means connecting the space within the liner with the space between said liner and deflector, and a further deflector surrounding said first-mentioned deflector.

5. A burner comprising in combination an inclosure containing an initial combustion chamber, said inclosure having a flame escape orifice, a flame deflector in the path of flame projecting from said orifice and arranged to deflect such flame backward and as a flame annulus, said deflector open at its rear end, a liner within said deflector and between said inclosure and deflector, there being a passage between said inclosure and said liner, the recited structure being provided with means connecting the space within the liner with the space between said liner and deflector, and a further deflector surrounding said first1nentioned deflector, the recited structure being provided with means for the admission of air into the space bc tween said two deflectors.

6. A burner comprising in combination an inclosure containing an initial combustion chamber. said inclosure having a flame-escape orifice, a flame deflector in the path of the flame projected from said orifice, and arranged to deflect such flame backward and as a flame annulus, said deflector open at its rear end and provided with a projecting flange, and a further flame-deflector resting upon said flange.

7. A. burner comprising in combination an inclosure containing an initial combustion chamber, said inclosure having a flameescape orifice, a flame deflector in the path of the flame projected from said orifice, and arranged to deflect such flame backward and as a flame annulus, said deflector open at its rear end and provided with a projecting flange, and a further flame-deflector resting upon said flange, the recited structure being provided with means for the admission of air to the space between said two deflectors.

8. A burner comprising in combination an inclosure containing an initial combustion chamber, said inclosure having a flameescape orifice, a flame deflector in the path of the flame projected from said orifice, and arranged to deflect such flame backward and as a flame annulus, said deflector open at its rear end and provided with a projecting flange, and a further flame-deflector resting upon said flange. said first-named deflector provided with air ports in its said flange for the admission of air to the space between said two deflectors.

9. A burner comprising in combination an inclosure containing an initial combustion chamber, said inclosure having a flame-escape orifice, a flame-deflector in the path of the flame projected from said orifice, and arranged to deflect such flame backward and as a flame annulus, said deflector open at its rear end and provided with a projecting flange, and a further flame-deflector resting upon said flange, the recited structure being provided with means for the admission of air to the space between said two deflectors, and a draft diffuser in the path of the air so entering such space.

10. A burner comprising in combination an inclosure containing an initial combustion chamber, said inclosure having a flameescape orifice, a flame-deflector in the path of the flame projected from said orifice, and arranged to deflect such flame backward and as a flame annulus, said deflector open at its rear end and provided with a projecting flange, and a further flame-deflector resting upon said flange, the recited structure being provided with means for the admission of air to the space between said two deflectors, and a draft difluser of Useetion in the path of the air so entering such space.

11. A burner comprising in combination an inclosure containing an initial combustion chamber, said inclosure having a flame-escape orifice, a flamedefleetor in the path of flame projected from said orifice and arranged to deflect said flame backward and as a flame annulus, said deflector open at its rear end, and provided internally with a defleeting head in the path of the flame projected from such orifice, and a liner within said deflector and between said inclosure and deflector, there being a passage between said inclosure and said liner and a passage be tween said liner and head.

12. A burner comprising in combination an inclosure containing an initial combustion chamber, said inclosure having a flameeseape orifice, a flame-deflector in the path of flame projecting from said orifice and arranged to deflect said flame backward and as a flame annulus, said deflector open at its rear end, and provided internally with a deflecting head in the path of the flame projected from such orifice, and a liner within said deflector and between said inclosure and deflector, there being a passage between said inclosure and said liner and a passage between said liner and head, the recited structure being provided with means for the admission of air to the space between said deflector and said liner.

13. A burner comprising in combination an inclosure containing an initial combustion chamber, said inclosure having a flameescape orifice, a flame deflector in the path of flame projected from said orifice and arranged to deflect said flame backward and as a flame annulus, said deflector open at its rear end, and provided internally with a defleeting head in the path of the flame projected from such orifice, and a liner within said deflector and between said inclosure and deflector, there being a passage between said inclosure and said liner and a passage between said liner and head, there being an air space in'the upper portion of said head, such air space in communication with the space between said liner and deflector, said deflector having means for the admission of air to such air space.

14. A burner comprising a hollow flamedeflector closed at one end, and a deflecting head within said deflector and having an air space formed in that portion of it which is in proximity to the closed end of such deflector, said deflector provided with means in its said closed end for the admission of air to such air space.

15. A burner comprising a hollow flamedefiector closed at one end, and a deflecting head within said deflector and near the closed end thereof and spaced away from the sides of said flame-deflector, said head having within it an air space and being provided with ports connecting such air space with the space around said head, said deflector having in its closed end means for the admission of air to such air space.

16. A burner comprising a hollow flamedeflector closed at one end and open at the other, and provided with a projecting flange, and a further deflector resting upon said flange and inclosing with said first-named deflector a space open at the same end at which the flame-deflector is open, the recited structure being provided with means for the admission of air to such space, and a draftdifluser in the path of air so entering such space. V

1.7. A burner comprising a hollow fla1nedeflector closed at one end and open at the other, and provided with a projecting flange and a further deflector resting upon said flange and inclosing with said first-named deflector a space open at the same end at which the flame-deflector is open, the recited structure being provided with means for the admission of air to such space, and a draft difluser of U-section in the path of air so entering such space.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

THOMAS B. FERGUSON.

lVitnesses H. M. MARBLE, D. A. DAVIES.

Copies 01' this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patuh, Washington, D. C.

Images