US5230856A - Method for demolding a safety-seal strip of a closure cap - Google Patents

Method for demolding a safety-seal strip of a closure cap Download PDF

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Publication number
US5230856A
US5230856A US07/703,385 US70338591A US5230856A US 5230856 A US5230856 A US 5230856A US 70338591 A US70338591 A US 70338591A US 5230856 A US5230856 A US 5230856A
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United States
Prior art keywords
seal strip
mold
safety
closure cap
demolding
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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US07/703,385
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English (en)
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Frank Schellenbach
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/40—Removing or ejecting moulded articles
    • B29C45/44—Removing or ejecting moulded articles for undercut articles
    • B29C45/4407—Removing or ejecting moulded articles for undercut articles by flexible movement of undercut portions of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/32—Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
    • B65D41/34—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt
    • B65D41/3442—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with rigid bead or projections formed on the tamper element and coacting with bead or projections on the container
    • B65D41/3447—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with rigid bead or projections formed on the tamper element and coacting with bead or projections on the container the tamper element being integrally connected to the closure by means of bridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/40—Removing or ejecting moulded articles
    • B29C2045/4078—Removing or ejecting moulded articles using stripping means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/56—Stoppers or lids for bottles, jars, or the like, e.g. closures
    • B29L2031/565—Stoppers or lids for bottles, jars, or the like, e.g. closures for containers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/058—Undercut

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for demolding a safety-seal strip of a closure cap.
  • the invention further relates to an injection-molding apparatus designed to permit the demolding method to be used as part of a production cycle.
  • closure caps suitable for closing beverage bottles or similar containers have found wide use.
  • Such closure caps often comprise an upper disk onto whose underside a seal ring is molded, a cylindrical side wall which on its inner surface is provided with a screw thread, and a safety-seal strip suspended from the lower rim of the closure cap by relatively weak webs distributed over the periphery.
  • the safety-seal strip serves to indicate that the closure is intact.
  • a bead on the inner circumference of the safety-seal strip engages a corresponding groove in the neck of the bottle.
  • the closed injection mold essentially consists of an outer cavity forming member which determines the outer shape of the closure cap, and of a core which establishes the inner shape of the closure cap.
  • the outer mold cavity overall includes, in addition to the upper cover, an injection crown which injects plastic material at the level of the webs (in other words, at the level of the parting line between closure cap and safety-seal strip), and a mold ring which molds the lower outer surface of the safety-seal strip.
  • the upper cover plate can be taken off and the injection crown can be used as a stripper plate.
  • the mold ring located under the stripper plate, is stationary. During the stripping operation, a clearance is thus created at the lower outer surface of the safety-seal strip between the stationary mold ring and the upwardly carried crown, and in that clearance the safety-seal strip is able to distend outwardly.
  • the mold core comprises an axially displaceable cylinder which molds both the screw thread on the inner surface of the closure cap and an undulating circumferential bead on the inner surface of the safety-seal strip.
  • This movable internal mold is carried along upwardly during the demolding phase until it strikes a stop.
  • both the closure cap and the safety-seal strip can be distended into the externally created clearances; only in the area between the webs does the crown, as the stripper plate, engage the underside of the closure cap.
  • the crown engages the underside of a small undercut molded into the safety-seal strip in the upper portion of its outer surface.
  • the present invention provides for a better sequence of operations in demolding in conjunction with a demolding tool of improved design. It seeks to permit the partial release of the outer surface of the safety-seal strip without a movable part associated with the mold core having to be carried along in the stripping direction. In the present invention release of the lower portion of the outer surface of the safety-seal strip is accomplished by lowering a mold ring which is movably set into the stripper plate.
  • the present invention additionally includes a demolding apparatus suitable for carrying out this method.
  • the present invention additionally includes further alternative embodiments.
  • two exemplary embodiments which differ with respect to the peripheral line on which the force for the stripping motion of the safety-seal strip is acting are to be distinguished.
  • the mold ring acts in addition as a stripping ring in that it engages the underside of the free end of the safety-seal strip.
  • the free end is outwardly flared as a funnel-like extension.
  • the stationary mold core need not shape the subjacent bead over the entire 360-degree circumference, as it is in the demolding apparatus of French patent 2,426,617.
  • a plurality of individual sectors in each of which an intended break line is associated with a bead will suffice.
  • a single bead extending over less than half of the periphery. Every discontinuity in the bead will promote the stripping of the safety-seal strip from the mold core. While demolding is thus facilitated, the safety-sealing function is preserved in the first-time unscrewing of the closure cap.
  • the webs traverse sequentially a point of maximum tension.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the parts of an inventive injection-molding apparatus which are of importance to the demolding of a safety-seal strip
  • FIG. 2 is a greatly magnified fragment from the view of FIG. 1 which shows how the injection mold for the safety-seal strip can be opened and closed (first exemplary embodiment);
  • FIG. 3 shows the same fragment from the sectional view of FIG. 1 for the second exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a large plate of the injection-molding apparatus.
  • the stripper plate 1, the mold ring 2 and the mold core 3 define the mold for the safety-seal strip 12.
  • the mold core 3 defines also the inner shape of the closure cap 11.
  • the outer mold cavity forming member, which determines the outer shape of the closure cap 11 has already been removed.
  • the mold ring 2 is shown in the position into which it was lowered through the elastic force of the spring assembly 5 and 6 relative to the stripper plate 1.
  • the safety-seal strip 12 was thus released in the lower portion of its outer surface.
  • the lowering of the mold ring 2 is made possible by the draft 10.
  • the safety-seal strip 12 is not shown on the left-hand side of the closure cap 11 in order to permit a better appreciation of the details of the open mold.
  • the stripper plate 1 is provided with injection points 9 and thus performs the function of an injection crown during the injection process.
  • the stripper plate 1 and the mold ring 2 are accommodated in a common plate which comprises at the same time a plurality of the devices shown in FIG. 1.
  • Several pressure bars 8 are provided for each device to raise the mold ring 2 against the force of the spring assembly 5 and 6, thus closing the injection mold for the safety-seal strip 12.
  • the stripper bars 7 serve to raise and lower the stripper plate 1.
  • the stripper plate 1 By means of the stripper bars 7, the stripper plate 1 is moved into the position in which it acts as an injection crown.
  • the mold ring 2 closes the injection mold off downwardly while an outer mold cavity forming member (not shown) is upended over the mold core 3 in order to upwardly close the injection mold for the actual closure cap 11.
  • the spring assembly 5 and 6 is compressed as a result of the raising of the mold ring 2.
  • the major portion of the closure cap 11 is injection-molded through central injection from above.
  • the material injected is preferably polyethylene.
  • the injection crown 1 is shown in section at a point where the safety-seal strip 12 is separated from the closure cap 11 by a clearance.
  • webs (not shown) by which the safety-seal strip 12 is suspended from the closure cap 11 should be imagined.
  • the clearances and the webs form the intended break line for the future use.
  • the intended break line may also be formed by a plurality of intended break points and stronger intermediate webs distributed over the 360-degree circumference.
  • the material which is injected at the points 9 flows all the way down into an annular recess 4 machined into the mold ring 2.
  • the mold opens.
  • the outer mold cavity forming member (not shown) is taken off by lifting in an axial direction of the mold core.
  • the pressure bars 8 are released and the spring assembly 5 and 6 forces the mold ring 2 to be lowered downward in an axial direction of the mold core.
  • the slight draft 10 of the mold ring 2 causes increasing clearances to be formed in the course of the downward movement.
  • the material of which the safety-seal strip 12 is made is flexible, and the recess 4 extends radially slightly beyond the upper edge of the mold ring 2.
  • the webs (not shown) and the bottom surface of the bead 14 together produce the relatively minor force required for pulling the nose 13 out of the recess 4. Practical tests have shown that the shaping according to FIG. 2 can be adapted to the elastic properties of the polyethylene material used that the nose 13 is not sheared off or otherwise damaged as the mold ring 2 is lowered.
  • the second exemplary embodiment involves in place of the nose 13 at the lower rim of the safety-seal strip 12 an undercut 15 in the area of the stripper plate 1.
  • the stripper plate 1 engages the underside of the safety-seal strip 12 at the undercut 15.
  • the lower portion of the safety-seal strip 12 is released here, too, through the lowering of the mold ring 2 before the stripping movement.
  • the cylindrical outer surface of the mold core 3 is stationary throughout the demolding operation so that the stripping movement of the plate 1 is effected immediately.
  • a method for demolding a safety-seal strip of a closure cap said demolding method being preceded by the production by injection molding of the closure cap, including the safety-seal strip suspended therefrom, and by the opening of the injection mold by lifting an outer mold cavity forming member off a mold core, the safety-seal strip being stripped from the mold core together with the closure cap, which is engaged on its underside by a stripper plate, after the outer surface of the flexible safety-seal strip has been released in the area of an opposite bead on its inner surface, characterized in that the release of the lower portion of the outer surface of the safety-seal strip (12) is brought about by lowering a mold ring (2) which is movably set into the stripper plate (1).
  • a demolding method as defined in one of the preceding clauses characterized in that polyethylene is the material used in injection molding.
  • a demolding method as defined in one of the preceding clauses characterized in that the mold ring (2) is forced against the stripper plate (1) as part of the closing of the injection mold which occurs prior to injection.
  • a demolding method as defined in one of the preceding clauses characterized in that material is injected for the safety-seal strip (12) and for a portion of the closure cap (11) above webs whereby the safety-seal strip (12) is suspended from the closure cap (11).
  • An apparatus for demolding a safety-seal strip of a closure cap characterized by a stripper plate (1) which is also designed as an injection crown (9) for injection of the material for a safety-seal strip (12) and which molds the top outer surface thereof; a mold ring (2) which is axially displaceable relative to the stripper plate (1) and which molds the bottom outer surface (10) of the safety-seal strip (12); and a stationary mold core (3) which molds the inner surface of the safety-seal strip (12), including the undercut bead (14).
  • a safety-seal strip produced by injection molding which is suspended by severable webs from a closure cap and which comprises on its inner surface one or more circumferential beads which engage the underside of the neck of a bottle when the safety-seal strip is being used, characterized by a funnel-like extension (13) at the free end of the safety-seal strip (12) whose outside diameter is somewhat larger than the outside diameter of the safety-seal strip at the parting line of the injection mold (1, 2).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)
  • Slide Fasteners, Snap Fasteners, And Hook Fasteners (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
US07/703,385 1990-05-21 1991-05-21 Method for demolding a safety-seal strip of a closure cap Expired - Fee Related US5230856A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4016350 1990-05-21
DE4016350A DE4016350A1 (de) 1990-05-21 1990-05-21 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur entformung eines garantiebands einer verschlusskappe

Publications (1)

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US5230856A true US5230856A (en) 1993-07-27

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US07/703,385 Expired - Fee Related US5230856A (en) 1990-05-21 1991-05-21 Method for demolding a safety-seal strip of a closure cap

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5230856A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0458250B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE119100T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE4016350A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2069117T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1241604B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5368469A (en) * 1993-08-26 1994-11-29 Phoenix Closures, Inc. Apparatus for molding closures having tamper evident bands
US6099785A (en) * 1998-03-17 2000-08-08 Schweigert; Lothar Method for injection molding plastic closures
US6113827A (en) * 1996-11-05 2000-09-05 Styczynski; Robert J. Method for molding and curing silicone
US6238202B1 (en) * 1999-02-26 2001-05-29 Unique Mould Makers Limited Apparatus for ejecting threaded injection molded parts
US6279766B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2001-08-28 Rexam Medical Packaging Inc. Safety closure with tamper-resistant locking tab and method and apparatus for making same
US6325225B1 (en) 1992-07-16 2001-12-04 Closures And Packaging Services Limited Tamper evident closure
US6338414B1 (en) * 1998-03-03 2002-01-15 International Packaging Engineering Plastic closing cap with a separable safety seal and inner seal
US6355201B1 (en) 2000-09-07 2002-03-12 Captive Plastics, Inc. Tamper-indicating closure with resilient locking projections
US6405886B1 (en) 2001-02-08 2002-06-18 Rexam Medical Packaging Inc. Closure having a tamper indicating band
US6426030B1 (en) 1999-11-15 2002-07-30 Rexam Medical Packaging Inc. Method of making a molded internally threaded closure
US6506330B1 (en) 1998-03-17 2003-01-14 Lothar Schweigert Apparatus and method for molding plastic closures
US6527132B1 (en) 1997-07-14 2003-03-04 Closures And Packaging Services Limited Closure with extended seal member
US7056567B2 (en) 2000-10-17 2006-06-06 General Electric Fiber-reinforced composite structure
US20100019408A1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2010-01-28 Tosoh Corporation Minute flow path structure body and die
US20140178521A1 (en) * 2011-08-30 2014-06-26 Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. Stripper sleeve
US20150183148A1 (en) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-02 Kwong Fat LAU Demolding mechanism of a plastic bottle cap mold and a method therefor
CN111673983A (zh) * 2020-05-17 2020-09-18 宁波正佳模塑有限公司 一种错齿卡环塑件的成型模具结构
US11370156B2 (en) * 2016-10-05 2022-06-28 Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. Molding apparatus and method of controlling same

Families Citing this family (5)

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FR2706426B1 (fr) * 1993-06-10 1995-09-22 Moulage Automatique Sa Dispositif de bouchage pour récipient.
CA2107041A1 (en) * 1993-02-09 1994-08-10 Jose Carvalheiro Stopper device for recipient
EP2076449B1 (en) * 2006-08-31 2011-07-13 The Wacky Widget Development Corporation CC A plastic lid for an open topped container
DE102009044643A1 (de) 2009-11-24 2011-05-26 Kunststofftechnik Waidhofen An Der Thaya Gmbh Verschlusskappe mit Garantiering sowie Spritzgießwerkzeug und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
CN112606302B (zh) * 2020-12-05 2023-01-06 安吉晟汇氟塑科技有限公司 一种聚四氟乙烯碟板无损脱模装置

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US3584111A (en) * 1968-10-03 1971-06-08 Owens Illinois Inc Method and apparatus for molding plastic articles
DE2542045A1 (de) * 1975-08-27 1977-03-03 Poloplast Kunststoffwerk Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von formkoerpern
GB2022063A (en) * 1978-05-26 1979-12-12 Plastivit Sa Moulded Tamperproof Screw Caps
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US4552328A (en) * 1984-01-05 1985-11-12 Sun Coast Plastics, Inc. Mold for making tamper-proof closure
US4570897A (en) * 1985-01-23 1986-02-18 Holdt J W Von Mold for container with recess-defining flange
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US4648834A (en) * 1985-06-07 1987-03-10 Holdt J W Von Mold for manufacturing flanged objects without side action
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CH669556A5 (en) * 1986-01-16 1989-03-31 Obrist Ag Crown Injection moulds for screw closure caps
FR2619552B1 (fr) * 1987-08-18 1990-02-02 Astra Plastique Bouchon a vis a ceinture d'inviolabilite, du type demoule par devissage, et moule utilise pour la fabrication de ce bouchon

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US3344942A (en) * 1966-04-05 1967-10-03 Hedgewick Peter Safety cap and container
US3584111A (en) * 1968-10-03 1971-06-08 Owens Illinois Inc Method and apparatus for molding plastic articles
DE2542045A1 (de) * 1975-08-27 1977-03-03 Poloplast Kunststoffwerk Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von formkoerpern
GB2022063A (en) * 1978-05-26 1979-12-12 Plastivit Sa Moulded Tamperproof Screw Caps
US4496302A (en) * 1982-06-04 1985-01-29 Husky Injection Molding Systems Inc. Apparatus for molding plastic articles
US4552328A (en) * 1984-01-05 1985-11-12 Sun Coast Plastics, Inc. Mold for making tamper-proof closure
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WO1986001179A1 (en) * 1984-08-15 1986-02-27 American Safety Closure Corp. Pilfer-proof cap and method and apparatus for making same
US4570897A (en) * 1985-01-23 1986-02-18 Holdt J W Von Mold for container with recess-defining flange
US4648834A (en) * 1985-06-07 1987-03-10 Holdt J W Von Mold for manufacturing flanged objects without side action
US4983346A (en) * 1985-11-12 1991-01-08 Mt. Vernon Plastics Corporation Method for molding a one-piece molded end closure
US4741447A (en) * 1987-04-27 1988-05-03 American National Can Company Linerless cap closure
US4751036A (en) * 1987-09-14 1988-06-14 Owens-Illinois Closure Inc. Method for producing a closure with a tamper indicating band
JPH01104832A (ja) * 1987-10-12 1989-04-21 Toray Ind Inc ポリエステル２成分複合糸
US4933133A (en) * 1988-05-11 1990-06-12 Brown Edward M Container closure and method for manufacture thereof
US4881892A (en) * 1988-10-11 1989-11-21 American National Can Company Apparatus for making tamper-evident closures
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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6325225B1 (en) 1992-07-16 2001-12-04 Closures And Packaging Services Limited Tamper evident closure
US6705479B2 (en) 1992-07-16 2004-03-16 Closures And Packaging Services Limited Tamper evident closure
US5368469A (en) * 1993-08-26 1994-11-29 Phoenix Closures, Inc. Apparatus for molding closures having tamper evident bands
US6113827A (en) * 1996-11-05 2000-09-05 Styczynski; Robert J. Method for molding and curing silicone
US6238195B1 (en) 1996-11-05 2001-05-29 Robert J. Styczynski Apparatus and method for molding and curing silicone
US6692677B2 (en) 1996-11-05 2004-02-17 Robert J. Styczynski Method for molding and curing silicone
US6527132B1 (en) 1997-07-14 2003-03-04 Closures And Packaging Services Limited Closure with extended seal member
US20030116523A1 (en) * 1997-07-14 2003-06-26 Closures And Packaging Services Limited Closure with extended seal member
US6991123B2 (en) 1997-07-14 2006-01-31 Closures And Packaging Services Limited Closure with extended seal member
US6338414B1 (en) * 1998-03-03 2002-01-15 International Packaging Engineering Plastic closing cap with a separable safety seal and inner seal
US6099785A (en) * 1998-03-17 2000-08-08 Schweigert; Lothar Method for injection molding plastic closures
US6506330B1 (en) 1998-03-17 2003-01-14 Lothar Schweigert Apparatus and method for molding plastic closures
US6238202B1 (en) * 1999-02-26 2001-05-29 Unique Mould Makers Limited Apparatus for ejecting threaded injection molded parts
US6279766B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2001-08-28 Rexam Medical Packaging Inc. Safety closure with tamper-resistant locking tab and method and apparatus for making same
US6426030B1 (en) 1999-11-15 2002-07-30 Rexam Medical Packaging Inc. Method of making a molded internally threaded closure
US6355201B1 (en) 2000-09-07 2002-03-12 Captive Plastics, Inc. Tamper-indicating closure with resilient locking projections
US6729488B2 (en) 2000-09-07 2004-05-04 Captive Plastics, Inc. Tamper-indicating closure with resilient locking projections
US7056567B2 (en) 2000-10-17 2006-06-06 General Electric Fiber-reinforced composite structure
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DE4016350C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-10-08
ES2069117T3 (es) 1995-05-01
IT9068016A0 (it) 1990-12-18
IT9068016A1 (it) 1991-11-22
EP0458250A3 (en) 1993-01-27
IT1241604B (it) 1994-01-19
EP0458250B1 (de) 1995-03-01
DE4016350A1 (de) 1991-11-28
EP0458250A2 (de) 1991-11-27
ATE119100T1 (de) 1995-03-15

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