US5165883A - Apparatus and method for safe operation of kerosene heaters - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for safe operation of kerosene heaters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5165883A US5165883A US07/690,988 US69098891A US5165883A US 5165883 A US5165883 A US 5165883A US 69098891 A US69098891 A US 69098891A US 5165883 A US5165883 A US 5165883A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- flame
- burner
- voltage signal
- heater
- amount
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
- F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2237/00—Controlling
- F23N2237/24—Controlling height of burner
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2241/00—Applications
- F23N2241/02—Space-heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process of monitoring and ensuring the safe operation of unvented stoves, particularly of kerosene heaters, within enclosed spaces both in the normal heating condition in which the height of the flame produced by the burner is within a predetermined range, and when radiation-responsive means detect flame heights outside said range, and in operation outside the normal heating condition, with flame heights higher or lower than the predetermined range causing corresponding control signals to be generated and to be coupled to an electronic control circuit so as to cause the normal heating condition to be restored, on the one hand, and to cause a warning signal to be generated and the burner to be shut down on the other, after a corresponding timeout in case the burner consistently operates outside the predetermined flame height range for a predetermined period of time.
- the invention relates to apparatus for practicing the inventive process.
- the prior safety apparatus includes sensing means for detecting flame heights higher than a predetermined maximum and for providing a corresponding measuring and/or control signal which is coupled to actuating means responsive thereto to return the kerosene heater to the desired operating state or to shut it down.
- the sensing means in the prior safety apparatus comprises two light sensors or thermal radiation detecting sensors each associated with an upper or lower limit of said predetermined range of flame heights in the normal operation of the kerosene heater.
- the burner's wick is re-adjusted manually or in accordance with the measuring signals generated by the light sensors as the flame height exceeds the predetermined flame height range; alternatively, the burner is shut down positively by means of a drop bar as soon as the flame height has exceeded the predetermined flame height range continuously for a pre-determined period of time.
- This prior safety apparatus is based solely on a radiation-responsive detection of flame height. However, it does not satisfy the latest safety regulations as it has a number of inherent uncertainties. For example, if the burner is operated from the beginning at the lowest possible flame height, this condition will not be detected by the light sensor associated with the lower limit of the predetermined flame height range. Once the burner has burned at its lowest flame height for an extended period of time because the user has forgotten to shut down the heater, for example, there exists a great danger of the indoor space air containing inadmissible levels of CO 2 since the absence of a light-responsive minimum flame height detection feature prevents the heater from being shut down automatically.
- the wick fabric always includes irregularities, it is possible for the burner flame during normal heater operation to temporarily exceed the top limit of the predetermined flame height range--which may cause the prior safety apparatus to prematurely automatically shut down the burner although the maximum permissible CO 2 level in the indoor air has not yet been reached.
- the prior safety apparatus In an oven or heater equipped with the prior safety device, such preliminary burner shut down results in the emission of foul smell and soot, since the hot burner piping does not have enough time to cool down sufficiently to prevent the kerosene still present in the wick fabric from being burned by the heat the burner pipe will radiate, so that an intensive smell will be emitted.
- Gas sensors of the type used in conjunction with microcomputers for automatically controlling air cleaning equipment or fans detect via electric resistance changes, the amount of CO, H 2 and a number of other organic components in gaseous environments such as kitchen vapors, cigarette smoke or automobile exhaust gases have been known per se (Figaro Eng. Inc., type TGS 800).
- O 2 sensors for monitoring the oxygen enrichment level in artificial respiration apparatus (U.S. Pat. No. 4,495,051).
- Such an O 2 sensor may have the form of a galvanic cell, for example, comprising a lead anode, an oxygen cathode made of gold and a weakly acidic electrolyte.
- a resistor and a thermistor for temperature compensation are connected between the cathode and the anode so that the galvanic cell in the form of a lead-oxygen battery discharges constantly.
- the object underlying the invention is to provide a process of the nature specified above as well as apparatus for practicing that process which avoid the drawbacks stated above and which answer today's stringent safety requirements.
- kerosene ovens or heaters are to be monitored and to be operated safely in a manner not necessarily dependent on a radiation-responsive detection of flame height.
- the object underlying the invention is achieved by sensitively detecting the amount of O 2 in the burner off-gas or exhaust within the kerosene heater and using it as a measure for monitoring the amount of CO 2 in the burner off-gas and converting it into a voltage signal for use as a control signal.
- the sensitive O 2 detection is used under program control for restoring the normal heating condition as well as for monitoring operation in the lowest flame height condition, with a warning signal being generated and a delayed automatic shut-down of the burner. effected, at predetermined first and second O 2 levels, respectively. This corresponds to predetermined amounts of CO 2 in the air within the indoor space, with the second level being lower than the first level.
- the CO percentage is used additionally as a measure for monitoring the amount of CO 2 in the indoor air, and the warning signal is generated and the burner shut down automatically when the O 2 or CO in the burner off-gas has reached the level corresponding to the permissible maximum of 0.8% CO 2 in the indoor air.
- burner shut-down is effected automatically e.g. 90 sec. after the warning signal indicating too low an amount of O 2 or too high a CO-CO 2 level, has been issued.
- the inventive safety apparatus for practicing the inventive process in unvented ovens and particularly in kerosene heaters is provided with sensing means comprising a light sensor mounted inside the housing of the kerosene heater in association with the upper limit of a predetermined range of flame heights determining the normal heating condition of the heater.
- sensing means comprising a light sensor mounted inside the housing of the kerosene heater in association with the upper limit of a predetermined range of flame heights determining the normal heating condition of the heater.
- a battery, electronic control circuitry coupled to the battery and adapted to cause wick adjustments, and light sensor for indicating flame height outside its predetermined range are also provided.
- the apparatus also includes warning means and means for automatically shutting down the burner both coupled with timing means incorporated in the electronic control circuit and actuatable in a time-offset manner when the burner is operated above the predetermined flame height range for a predetermined period of time.
- the aforesaid safety apparatus is unique in that the sensor means additionally comprises an O 2 sensor coupled to a microprocessor mounted within the kerosene heater housing in the lower portion thereof and connected through the electronic control circuitry to the wick adjusting means, the warning means and the automatic burner shut-down means, with the warning means and the burner shut-down means operating in response to predetermined first and second O 2 levels in the burner off-gas, respectively, the second level being lower than the first level.
- a CO sensor may additionally be provided on an electronic circuitry card mounted on a bracket in a top corner of the kerosene heater housing behind a screen for reflecting the heat radiated by the burner and having an opening such that a small portion of the off-gas stream passing through the opening in the reflecting screen may contact the CO sensor.
- the inventive safety apparatus directly and accurately detects a decrease PG,8 of the oxygen concentration inside the housing of the kerosene heater so that an increase of the CO 2 in the indoor air will be precisely detected.
- the inventive safety apparatus is capable of accurately and directly detecting an increase CO concentration already in the interior of the housing of the kerosene heater and thus ensures an accurate monitoring of the minimum flame height of the kerosene heater's burner.
- the inventive safety apparatus measures the O 2 concentration in the burner off-gases in the housing of the kerosene heater to detect the CO 2 concentration in the indoor air and converts the O 2 concentration to a voltage signal.
- the set value is the voltage corresponding to the maximum permissible CO 2 concentration in the indoor air, which for the inventive safety apparatus is defines as being 0.8%.
- the maximum permissible level is 1%, the shut-down feature in the inventive safety apparatus automatically deactivates the burner. This means that the inventive safety apparatus operates well below the limit stipulated by applicable safety regulations.
- the amount of CO 2 in the indoor air is measured by means of an O 2 sensor in the form of a galvanic cell which is mounted on a circuit board supported by the housing of the kerosene heater.
- CO 2 is measured after a delay of e.g. 4 min. following the activation of the kerosene heater so as to allow the sensor voltage to settle.
- Any alarm is delayed for e.g. 30 seconds to prevent transients from triggering the feature.
- An intermittent buzzer signal which may comprise three tones and lasts a maximum of 90 seconds is generated to indicate an excessive CO--CO 2 concentration in the indoor air. Within that period, indoor ventilation may be improved (e.g. by opening a door or a window) so as to reduce the CO--CO 2 level.
- the O 2 sensor used in the inventive safety apparatus has the following advantages:
- the operating voltage Uo will fluctuate slightly on a day to day basis.
- temperature effects will cause the sensor voltage Usensor to rise to approx. 2 mV within a period of 90 min.
- a determination of operating voltage Uo following each burner activation is advantageous in that it eliminates the influence of any voltage drift on CO 2 monitoring.
- problems may arise if the ventilation of an indoor space has not improved after an excessive CO 2 level has caused the burner to be turned off and the kerosene heater has wrecklessly been reactivated though the CO 2 level in the indoor air was still too high.
- the corresponding sensor voltage which differs from the voltage resulting from a well-ventilated condition of the indoor space, would then be used as the operating voltage Uo in a disadvantageous manner.
- shut-down due to an excessive CO 2 level would result in a further increase thereof after each activation of the kerosene heater.
- This problem may be solved by setting the operating voltage Uo to a fixed level for a period of 45 minutes in case an excessive CO 2 level in the indoor air has caused the burner to be shut down. If the burner is re-activated within this period, CO 2 control will be based on that fixed operating voltage Uo. It is assumed that the CO 2 concentration will have returned to its normal level after 45 minutes so that the operating voltage Uo is again determined in the manner described above.
- the inventive safety apparatus includes a light sensor associated with the maximim permissible flame size which is located at a corresponding level in the vicinity of the combustion chamber of the kerosene heater. This sensor cooperates with the electronic control circuitry in the inventive safety apparatus to provide the required control functions such as:
- the O 2 sensor included in the inventive safety apparatus provides a monitoring action in addition to that effected by the light sensor.
- the inventive process and the inventive safety apparatus guarantee an automatic shut down of the burner in a manner that the generation of the aforesaid smell will be minimized.
- the inventive safety apparatus ensures a smell-preventing automatic shut-down of the burner by the following sequence of steps:
- the rotary knob of the burner's wick adjusting device is set to a very low flame height; the correct setting is indicated by a colored marker and an intermittent acoustic signal for a duration of approx. 3 seconds.
- the burner With the burner adjusted to this wick setting, the burner will continue to operate e.g. for another 4 minutes so as to prevent the emission of smell-forming components. This period allows the heating pipe and the burner head to cool down sufficiently.
- a solenoid in the shut-down means is energized to deactivate the burner with a minimum of smell being developed.
- the cooling period may be terminated at any time by turning the wick up by means of the control knob of the burner wick adjustor device.
- the inventive safety apparatus includes a replaceable set of batteries to supply power to all electric power consuming elements inside the kerosene heater, such as the ignition coil, the electronic control circuitry including the microprocessor, and the heater element associated with the CO sensor.
- wick adjusting device Turning the wick adjusting device in a clockwise direction causes the main switch to be activated to close the electronic control circuit. Initially, the battery is tested. If battery voltage Ub is lower than 2.3 V, ignition will not be possible and the buzzer will sound a continuous signal for about 30 seconds to indicate that the battery should be replaced. After 30 seconds, the alarm signal is discontinued and the process of warming up or heating the kerosene heater discontinued by a solenoid acting to reset the wick.
- a periodic monitoring cycle is started wherein the battery voltage is checked in the aforesaid manner; also, both flame height and CO 2 concentration in the off-gas are checked 4 min. after the initial warm-up of the kerosene heater.
- the frequency of the microprocessor can be selected to reduce the power consumption of the electronic control circuitry.
- the inventive safety apparatus includes a mechanism mounted inside the housing of the kerosene heater which prevents the burner igniting means and the wick adjusting means from operating in case the battery is missing or has been improperly placed into the battery case.
- the fuel level is monitored in a continuous manner at the bottom of the fuel tank by means of conventional circuitry. If the level is too low, an intermittent buzzer signal will be emitted together with a flashing bottom light for a time of e.g. 3 minutes. The amount of fuel available at the tank bottom in this condition is sufficient to keep the burner operating for another 30 minutes or so.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view in section of a kerosene heater equipped with the inventive safety apparatus
- FIG. 2 is a view in perspective of the kerosene heater in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a plot showing the manner of determining sensor operating voltage Uo
- FIG. 4 plots the oxygen in the indoor air versus time and CO--CO 2 concentration
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the process of monitoring the operation of the kerosene heater and ensuring the safety thereof;
- FIGS. 6a and 6b are views in perspective of two embodiment examples of a mechanism included in the inventive safety apparatus to prevent burner ignition or operation of the wick setting means if the battery is missing or has been placed improperly in the battery case.
- kerosene heater 1 has a housing 2 wherein is centrally mounted a burner 4 having wick adjusting means 3 associated therewith; the burner may be a one- or two-stage design. Further, the heater has a burner housing 6 which is perforated and open at the top and defines a combustion chamber 5. Between burner housing 6 and rear wall 7 of housing 2 of kerosene heater 1 (on the left in FIG. 1), there is mounted a vertically downwardly extending reflecting screen 8 which has, adjacent top wall 9 of housing 2 of kerosene heater 1, an opening 10 through which may flow a portion of the off-gases emitted by burner 4 and escaping upwardly therefrom (arrow A).
- a vertical holder 12 secured to the bottom of housing 2 supports, in the lower regions of the housing, an O 2 sensor 13 in the form of a galvanic cell coupled to a microprocessor included in an electronic control circuit 14.
- Behind heat reflecting screen 8 there is mounted in the upper left corner (in FIG. 1) of housing 2 a CO sensor 11 on a CO monitoring circuit board 15 in such a manner that it will be contacted by the off-gases escaping through opening 10 in heat reflecting screen 9.
- Board 15 is held on another vertical support 12.
- Circuit board 15 is connected electrically to electronic control circuit 14 of the safety apparatus, which in turn is coupled to warning signal means (not shown) and automatic shut-down means 16 for burner 4.
- a light sensor 19 associated with an upper or top limit 17 of a predetermined range of the height of the flame 18 produced by burner 4 is mounted behind heat reflecting screen 8 in a manner to detect flames higher than top limit 17 of the aforesaid predetermined flame height range.
- Light sensor 19 is coupled to electronic control circuit 14.
- the user of the kerosene heater has 90 seconds now to actuate wick adjusting means 3 so as to return flames 18 of burner 4 to the predetermined flame height range in accordance with the normal operating condition of burner 4. Failure to effect such a return within the aforesaid 90 seconds causes shut-down means 16 to be activated by electronic control circuit 14 and burner 4 to be automatically deactivated.
- kerosene heater 1 If kerosene heater 1 is turned on in a properly ventilated indoor space, the influence of the ambient temperature will cause output Usensor from O 2 sensor 13 in the safety apparatus to increase to approx. 2 mV within 90 minutes. While kerosene heater 1 is operating, O 2 sensor 13 continuously detects the O 2 concentration of the air inside housing 2 and converts that concentration to a corresponding voltage signal. Since a decrease in O 2 relates directly to an increase in CO 2 , the voltage signal indicating the O 2 concentration is a measure of the instantaneous amount of CO 2 in the indoor air. As shown in FIG.
- the microprocessor in the electronic control circuit 14 proceeds after an activation of burner 4 to determine operating voltage Uo of O 2 sensor 13 as a maximum before poor ventilation of the indoor space causes sensor voltage Usensor to decrease.
- sensor voltage Usensor is detected every 4 min. and compared with the preceding value.
- automatic shut-down means 16 which comprises a solenoid, at an output Usensor from O 2 sensor 13 which is lower than alarm voltage Ua.
- CO sensor 11 is capable of continuously detecting the CO concentration in the off-gas (arrow A) from burner 4 in housing 2, with the measured CO concentration continuously converted to a corresponding electrical voltage by the electronic CO monitoring circuitry. At the same time, the CO concentration can be used as a measure for the CO 2 concentration in the indoor air.
- the diagram of FIG. 4 shows the CO and CO 2 concentration relative to the oxygen percentage in the indoor air versus the operating time of kerosene heater 1. As may seen, the direct interrelationship between a decrease of O 2 and an increase of CO 2 establishes a corresponding relationship between the O 2 decrease and a CO decrease through the relationship between the increase of CO 2 and CO.
- FIG. 5 shows the various process steps for monitoring and maintaining the safety of the operation of a kerosene heater within an indoor space both in the normal heating mode and outside such mode, with the blocks referred to showing the functional interrelationship that exists between the various process measures.
- FIGS. 6a and 6b show two embodiments of a mechanism included in the safety apparatus to block the ignition means for burner 4 and the wick adjusting means 3--and thus the ignition of the wicks by means of a match--in case battery is missing or improperly seated in battery case 21.
- the aforesaid mechanism comprises a functional spring 22 which assumes a compressed condition when the battery is properly seated, i.e. when it contacts a sensor plate 23 inside battery case 21, with a trigger wire 24 (FIG. 6a) having its two ends connected to trigger plate 25 of a safety device 26 responsive to vibrations (including earthquake tremors) and to sensor plate 23, respectively, being slack so that burner 4 may be ignited.
- a trigger wire 24 (FIG. 6a) having its two ends connected to trigger plate 25 of a safety device 26 responsive to vibrations (including earthquake tremors) and to sensor plate 23, respectively, being slack so that burner 4 may be ignited.
- the battery is removed from battery case 21 or does not properly contact sensor plate 23, the latter is urged forwardly by the compressed functional spring 22, causing trigger wire 24 to be stretched taut and moving trigger plate 25 so that safety device 26 will be activated to prevent ignition or to block the wick adjusting mechanism or to shut down burner 4.
- trigger plate 25 of safety device 26 is replaced by
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/DE1989/000692 WO1991006808A1 (de) | 1989-10-26 | 1989-10-26 | Verfahren zum überwachen und sicherheitsmässigen einhalten des betriebs von kaminlosen öfen, insbesondere von petroleumöfen, und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US5165883A true US5165883A (en) | 1992-11-24 |
Family
ID=6835279
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/690,988 Expired - Fee Related US5165883A (en) | 1989-10-26 | 1989-10-26 | Apparatus and method for safe operation of kerosene heaters |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5165883A (fi) |
EP (1) | EP0424597B1 (fi) |
KR (1) | KR0152092B1 (fi) |
AT (1) | ATE124526T1 (fi) |
DE (1) | DE59009328D1 (fi) |
DK (1) | DK170432B1 (fi) |
ES (1) | ES2078248T3 (fi) |
FI (1) | FI100678B (fi) |
GR (1) | GR3017594T3 (fi) |
NO (1) | NO174863C (fi) |
RU (1) | RU2067728C1 (fi) |
WO (1) | WO1991006808A1 (fi) |
Cited By (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5338185A (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1994-08-16 | Southeastern Research Laboratories, Inc. | Safety device for preventing uncontrolled flareup in wick-fed liquid fuel burners |
WO1995004243A1 (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1995-02-09 | Depalma Thomas M | Gas log fireplace system |
US5409370A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1995-04-25 | Henderson; Richard W. | Liquid fuel burner safety device employing fuel tank shutoff |
US5456595A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1995-10-10 | Henderson; Richard W. | Device for preventing flareup in barometric-type wick-fed liquid fuel burners |
US5549470A (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1996-08-27 | Henderson; Richard W. | Anti-flareup device for liquid fuel burners |
US5551865A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1996-09-03 | Henderson; Richard W. | Safety shut-off device for liquid fuel burners |
US5662468A (en) * | 1995-08-14 | 1997-09-02 | Henderson; Richard W. | Device that prevents flareup in liquid fuel burners |
US5730115A (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-03-24 | Henderson; Richard W. | Device for preventing flareup in liquid fuel burners by regulating fuel flow into the fuel chamber |
US5752818A (en) * | 1996-03-04 | 1998-05-19 | Forster; James Andrew | Carbon monoxide detection and automatic deactivation system |
US5772425A (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-06-30 | Henderson; Richard W. | Device for preventing flareup in liquid fuel burners by containing sump vapors |
US5899682A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 1999-05-04 | Henderson; Richard W. | Device for preventing flareup in liquid fuel burners by regulating fuel flow from the removable fuel tank |
US5967765A (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-10-19 | Henderson; Richard W. | Device for preventing flareup in liquid-fuel burners by providing constant-rate fuel flow from removable fuel tank |
US6026800A (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 2000-02-22 | Barker; Stanley Grant | Portable heater and cooker system |
US6254380B1 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2001-07-03 | Richard W. Henderson | Device for preventing flareup in barometric-type liquid fuel burners by preventing excessive temperature levels at removable fuel tank |
EP0869318B1 (fr) * | 1997-04-04 | 2002-09-18 | D.T.N. France, Société Anonyme | Dispositif de sécurité pour poêle mesurant directement le taux d'une production gazeuse |
GB2375646A (en) * | 2001-05-16 | 2002-11-20 | Monox Ltd | Safety module for fuel-burning appliance, and appliance using such a safety module |
WO2005012804A3 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-06-16 | Maxitrol Co | A method and controller for determining carbon dioxide emissions |
US6908300B1 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-06-21 | Emerson Electric Co | Apparatus and method for shutting down a fuel fired appliance |
US20050202358A1 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-15 | Donnelly Donald E. | Apparatus and method for shutting down fuel fired appliance |
US20050263705A1 (en) * | 2004-05-31 | 2005-12-01 | Tdk Corporation | Carbon dioxide concentration measuring device, method of measuring carbon dioxide concentration and burning appliance |
US20060210937A1 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2006-09-21 | Honeywell International Inc. | Vapor resistant fuel burning appliance |
US7686011B1 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2010-03-30 | United States Stove Company | Compact window heating unit utilizing pelletized fuel |
US20110156897A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2011-06-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Determination of an alarm-issuing time of an alarm device |
US20120255219A1 (en) * | 2011-04-06 | 2012-10-11 | Technologies Holdings Corp. | Self-Contained Heating Unit for Thermal Pest Control |
US8720109B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2014-05-13 | Technologies Holdings Corp. | Portable heating system for pest control |
US8756857B2 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2014-06-24 | Technologies Holdings Corp. | Hydronic heating system and method for pest control |
CN110006677A (zh) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-07-12 | 上海盟炊节能科技有限公司 | 一种燃气灶和油气混合灶检测综合对比系统 |
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1989
- 1989-10-26 WO PCT/DE1989/000692 patent/WO1991006808A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1989-10-26 RU SU894895563A patent/RU2067728C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-10-26 US US07/690,988 patent/US5165883A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-01-09 DE DE59009328T patent/DE59009328D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-01-09 AT AT90100344T patent/ATE124526T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-01-09 EP EP90100344A patent/EP0424597B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-09 ES ES90100344T patent/ES2078248T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-26 KR KR1019910700639A patent/KR0152092B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-05-14 DK DK090791A patent/DK170432B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-14 NO NO911865A patent/NO174863C/no unknown
- 1991-06-20 FI FI913027A patent/FI100678B/fi active
-
1995
- 1995-09-29 GR GR950402707T patent/GR3017594T3/el unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR0152092B1 (ko) | 1998-10-01 |
EP0424597A1 (de) | 1991-05-02 |
DK90791D0 (da) | 1991-05-14 |
WO1991006808A1 (de) | 1991-05-16 |
ATE124526T1 (de) | 1995-07-15 |
DK170432B1 (da) | 1995-08-28 |
RU2067728C1 (ru) | 1996-10-10 |
EP0424597B1 (de) | 1995-06-28 |
GR3017594T3 (en) | 1995-12-31 |
FI913027A0 (fi) | 1991-06-20 |
KR920702885A (ko) | 1992-10-28 |
NO911865L (no) | 1991-05-16 |
NO174863B (no) | 1994-04-11 |
DE59009328D1 (de) | 1995-08-03 |
DK90791A (da) | 1991-05-16 |
NO174863C (no) | 1994-07-20 |
NO911865D0 (no) | 1991-05-14 |
FI100678B (fi) | 1998-01-30 |
ES2078248T3 (es) | 1995-12-16 |
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