US5143898A - Superconducting wire - Google Patents
Superconducting wire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5143898A US5143898A US07/475,048 US47504890A US5143898A US 5143898 A US5143898 A US 5143898A US 47504890 A US47504890 A US 47504890A US 5143898 A US5143898 A US 5143898A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- base material
- superconducting layer
- surface roughness
- superconducting
- average surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002370 SrTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018404 Al2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009203 Y-Ba-Cu-O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/45—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on copper oxide or solid solutions thereof with other oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/20—Permanent superconducting devices
- H10N60/203—Permanent superconducting devices comprising high-Tc ceramic materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9265—Special properties
- Y10S428/93—Electric superconducting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/70—High TC, above 30 k, superconducting device, article, or structured stock
- Y10S505/701—Coated or thin film device, i.e. active or passive
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/70—High TC, above 30 k, superconducting device, article, or structured stock
- Y10S505/701—Coated or thin film device, i.e. active or passive
- Y10S505/702—Josephson junction present
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/70—High TC, above 30 k, superconducting device, article, or structured stock
- Y10S505/701—Coated or thin film device, i.e. active or passive
- Y10S505/703—Microelectronic device with superconducting conduction line
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/70—High TC, above 30 k, superconducting device, article, or structured stock
- Y10S505/704—Wire, fiber, or cable
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31—Surface property or characteristic of web, sheet or block
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a superconducting wire, and more particularly, it relates to a superconducting wire which comprises a base material and an oxide superconducting layer formed on the base material.
- a superconductor loses all resistance to electric current when the same is maintained at a temperature lower than its critical temperature, and attempts have been made for applying such property to generation of a high magnetic field, high-density bulk power transmission and the like.
- a ceramic superconductive material has been recently highlighted in such a point that its critical temperature for a superconducting phenomenon can be increased.
- Such a superconductive material can be worked into an elongated linear member, for example, for application to power transmission/distribution, electrical connection of various types of devices or elements, line winding or the like.
- Japanese Patent Laying-Open Gazette No. 271816/1988 discloses a superconducting wire which comprises an oxide single crystal fiber member and a layer of an oxide superconductor formed on the oxide single crystal fiber member.
- Such an oxide superconducting layer can be formed by a vapor-phase thin film forming method such as vapor deposition, sputtering, CVD or the like.
- An object of the present invention is to improve superconductivity of a superconducting wire, which comprises a base material and an oxide superconducting layer formed on the base material.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a superconducting wire which is improved in superconductivity, by reducing influence exerted by diffusion reaction caused in heat treatment.
- a superconducting wire according to a first aspect of the present invention comprises a flexible base material having average surface roughness of not more than 0.05 ⁇ m, and an oxide superconducting layer which is formed on the base material.
- the base material is not particularly restricted but may be formed of a metal, an alloy, or ceramic material.
- the alloy material is preferably prepared from an Ni base alloy, while the ceramic material is preferably prepared from yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ).
- the base material may be formed by a plurality of metal or alloy layers, having a ceramic coating layer.
- FIG. 2 typically illustrates a film thickness state of a superconducting layer 1 which is formed on a base material 3 having large average surface roughness
- FIG. 3 typically illustrates a film thickness state of a superconducting layer 1 which is formed on a base material 2 having small average surface roughness.
- FIG. 4 typically illustrates a film surface smoothing state of a superconducting layer 1 which is formed on a base material 3 having large average surface roughness
- FIG. 5 typically illustrates a film surface smoothing state of a superconducting layer 1 which is formed on a base material 2 having small average surface roughness.
- the film surface of the superconducting layer 1 is unsmoothed.
- the film surface of the superconducting layer 1 can be smoothed.
- FIG. 6 typically illustrates orientation of a superconducting layer 1 which is formed on a base material 3 having large average surface roughness
- FIG. 7 typically illustrates orientation of a superconducting layer 1 which is formed on a base material 2 having small average surface roughness.
- the superconducting layer 1 When the superconducting layer 1 is formed on the base material 3 having large average surface roughness as shown in FIG. 6, the superconducting layer 1 is deteriorated in orientation due to surface irregularity of the base material 3. When the superconducting layer 1 is formed on the base material 2 having small surface roughness as shown in FIG. 7, on the other hand, the superconducting layer 1 is improved in orientation.
- the superconducting layer formed on the base material is improved in superconductivity due to the aforementioned film thickness uniformalizing effect, film surface smoothing effect and orientation improving effect.
- a superconducting wire according to a second aspect of the present invention comprises a flexible base material which is formed of yttria stabilized zirconia containing less than 0.1 percent by weight of an Al impurity, and an oxide superconducting layer formed on the base material.
- the amount of the Al impurity, which is contained in yttria stabilized zirconia forming the base material is less than 0.1 percent by weight, and more preferably, less than 0.05 percent by weight.
- the term "the amount of the Al impurity" indicates the impurity content of Al 2 O 3 .
- yttria stabilized zirconia forming the base material contains less than 0.1 percent by weight of the Al impurity, since Al is most diffusible within impurities which are contained in yttria stabilized zirconia.
- a YBaCuO oxide superconducting layer is formed on a base material of yttria stabilized zirconia containing at least 0.1 percent by weight of the Al impurity, an oxide, particularly that consisting of Y 2 Ba 1 Cu 1 O 5 , is easily formed. Due to formation of the oxide having such composition, the critical temperature T C and critical current density J C are reduced.
- the present invention has been achieved with discovery of such a phenomenon that a different phase such as Y 2 Ba 1 Cu 1 O 5 is easily formed when the Al impurity content exceeds 0.1 percent by weight.
- the oxide superconducting layer is formed on the base material of yttria stabilized zirconia containing less than 0.1 percent by weight of an Al impurity.
- the base material contains a small amount of the most diffusible Al according to this aspect, and hence it is possible to suppress diffusion reaction during heat treatment, thereby suppressing deterioration in superconductivity caused by heat treatment.
- FIG. 1 shows critical temperatures and critical current density values of superconducting layers which were formed on base materials of various average surface roughness levels
- FIG. 2 typically illustrates a film thickness state of a superconducting layer which is formed on a base material having large average surface roughness
- FIG. 3 typically illustrates a film thickness state of a superconducting layer which is formed on a base material having small average surface roughness
- FIG. 4 typically illustrates a film surface smoothing state of a superconducting layer which is formed on a base material having large average surface roughness
- FIG. 5 typically illustrates a film surface smoothing state of a superconducting layer which is formed on a base material having small average surface roughness
- FIG. 6 typically illustrates orientation of a superconducting layer which is formed on a base material having large average surface roughness
- FIG. 7 typically illustrates orientation of a superconducting layer which is formed on a base material having small average surface roughness.
- YSZ yttria stabilized zirconia
- RVA surface roughness
- the surface roughness levels were measured through DEKTAK3030, a contour measuring apparatus by Sloan Inc., U.S.A., with stylus pressure of 30 mg and measurement distance of 100 ⁇ m.
- Superconducting films of Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ were formed on tapes of the YSZ materials by RF magnetron sputtering, to be 0.5 ⁇ m and 1 ⁇ m in thickness. Film forming conditions were as follows:
- the sputtered samples were subjected to heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere at 900° C. for one hour. Then the samples of 0.5 ⁇ m in thickness were subjected to measurement of critical temperatures T C , and the samples of 1 ⁇ m in thickness were subjected to measurement of critical current density values J C by a DC four-terminal method.
- FIG. 1 shows the critical temperatures of the samples of 0.5 ⁇ m in thickness.
- the samples of 40 ⁇ , 100 ⁇ and 400 ⁇ in average surface roughness (Ra) exhibited critical temperatures of 82K, 81K and 80K respectively, while the samples of 1000 ⁇ and 10000 ⁇ in average surface roughness (Ra) exhibited low critical temperatures of 45K.
- the samples of 1 ⁇ m in thickness were subjected to measurement of critical current density at a temperature of 77.3K.
- the samples of 40 ⁇ , 100 ⁇ and 400 ⁇ in surface roughness exhibited values of 1 ⁇ 10 4 9 ⁇ 10 3 and 1 ⁇ 10 2 A/cm 2 respectively.
- Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide superconducting layers were formed by RF magnetron sputtering on tape-type members of yttria stabilized zirconia, containing 3 percent by weight of Y, of 0.1 mm in thickness having different values of Al impurity concentration as shown in Table 1. Film forming conditions were as follows:
- Table 1 shows values of critical current density T C , at which the oxide superconducting layers lost resistance R.
- the base material employed in the present invention is not restricted to a tape-type one but may be provided in the form of a round wire, for example, with no particular restriction in sectional configuration.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1-26095 | 1989-02-04 | ||
JP1-26094 | 1989-02-04 | ||
JP1026095A JP2803123B2 (ja) | 1989-02-04 | 1989-02-04 | 超電導線 |
JP1026094A JP2734596B2 (ja) | 1989-02-04 | 1989-02-04 | 酸化物超電導線 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5143898A true US5143898A (en) | 1992-09-01 |
Family
ID=26363834
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/475,048 Expired - Lifetime US5143898A (en) | 1989-02-04 | 1990-02-05 | Superconducting wire |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5143898A (fr) |
EP (2) | EP0385132A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2008310C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69019376T2 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6610428B2 (en) | 1997-06-18 | 2003-08-26 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Controlled conversion of metal oxyfluorides into superconducting oxides |
US20040171494A1 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2004-09-02 | Igor Seleznev | Vacuum processing for fabrication of superconducting films fabricated by metal-organic processing |
US20060219322A1 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2006-10-05 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Superconducting wire and its production method |
US20140208854A1 (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2014-07-31 | Krohne Ag | Unit consisting of an ultrasonic transducer and a transducer holder |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2029789A1 (fr) * | 1989-12-04 | 1991-06-05 | Kenton D. Budd | Fibres souples supraconductrices revetues de zircone |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0290357A2 (fr) * | 1987-05-04 | 1988-11-09 | EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) | Procédé de fabrication pour objets supraconducteurs en céramique à base d'oxyde de cuivre |
EP0298461A1 (fr) * | 1987-07-06 | 1989-01-11 | Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited | Bobine supra-conductrice ainsi que procédé pour sa fabrication |
EP0304061A2 (fr) * | 1987-08-20 | 1989-02-22 | Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited | Corps en céramique supraconductrice de forme allongée et procédé pour sa fabrication |
US4915988A (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1990-04-10 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Chemical vapor deposition of group IIA metals and precursors therefor |
US4927670A (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1990-05-22 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Chemical vapor deposition of mixed metal oxide coatings |
-
1990
- 1990-02-02 CA CA002008310A patent/CA2008310C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-02-05 US US07/475,048 patent/US5143898A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-02-05 EP EP90102224A patent/EP0385132A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1990-02-05 EP EP92113673A patent/EP0528332B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-02-05 DE DE69019376T patent/DE69019376T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0290357A2 (fr) * | 1987-05-04 | 1988-11-09 | EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) | Procédé de fabrication pour objets supraconducteurs en céramique à base d'oxyde de cuivre |
EP0298461A1 (fr) * | 1987-07-06 | 1989-01-11 | Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited | Bobine supra-conductrice ainsi que procédé pour sa fabrication |
EP0304061A2 (fr) * | 1987-08-20 | 1989-02-22 | Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited | Corps en céramique supraconductrice de forme allongée et procédé pour sa fabrication |
US4915988A (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1990-04-10 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Chemical vapor deposition of group IIA metals and precursors therefor |
US4927670A (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1990-05-22 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Chemical vapor deposition of mixed metal oxide coatings |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
CA 113(2):16184a, Integrated Circ. Pkg., Sumitomo Elec. Dec. 6, 1990. * |
K. Hoshino, et al., Japanese J. of Applied Physics, vol. 27, No. 7, Jul. 1988 pp. L1297 L1299. * |
K. Hoshino, et al., Japanese J. of Applied Physics, vol. 27, No. 7, Jul. 1988 pp. L1297-L1299. |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6610428B2 (en) | 1997-06-18 | 2003-08-26 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Controlled conversion of metal oxyfluorides into superconducting oxides |
US20040171494A1 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2004-09-02 | Igor Seleznev | Vacuum processing for fabrication of superconducting films fabricated by metal-organic processing |
US20050014652A1 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2005-01-20 | Igor Seleznev | Vacuum processing for fabrication of superconducting thin films fabricated by metal-organic processing |
US20060219322A1 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2006-10-05 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Superconducting wire and its production method |
US20140208854A1 (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2014-07-31 | Krohne Ag | Unit consisting of an ultrasonic transducer and a transducer holder |
US9429465B2 (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2016-08-30 | Krohne Ag | Unit consisting of an ultrasonic transducer and a transducer holder |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0528332A1 (fr) | 1993-02-24 |
DE69019376T2 (de) | 1996-01-25 |
DE69019376D1 (de) | 1995-06-14 |
EP0385132A1 (fr) | 1990-09-05 |
EP0528332B1 (fr) | 1995-05-10 |
CA2008310A1 (fr) | 1990-08-04 |
CA2008310C (fr) | 1997-03-04 |
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