US503556A

US503556A - Apparatus for treating pulverulent materials with gases

Info

Publication number: US503556A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1893-08-15
Anticipated expiration: 1910-08-15

Description

(No Model.)

E. SOLVAY. APPARATUS PoR TRBATING PULVERULENT MATERIALS WLTH GASES Patented Aug. 15,1898.

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NrTED STATES PATENT OEEICE,

ERNEST SOLVAY, OF BRUSSELS, BELGIUM, ASSIGNOR TO THE SOLVAY PROCESS COMPANY, OE SYRACUSE, NETV YORK.

APPARATUS FOR TREATING PULVERULENT MATERIALS WITH GASES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 503,556, dated August 15, 1893.

Application filed April 14, 1890. Serial No. 347,895. (No model.) Patented in Belgium Ap1ill9, 1889, No. 85,896; in France April 30, 1889, No. 197,858, and in England May 28, 1889,11'0. 8,872.

To all whom it may concern,.-

Beit known that I, ERNEST SoLvAY, a subject of the King of Belgium, residing at Brussels, Belgium, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in an Apparatus for Treating Pulverulent Material with Gases, (for which I have obtained patents in Belgium, No. 85,896, dated April 19, 1889; in France, No. 197,853, dated April 30, 1889, and in Great Britain, No. 8,872, dated May 28, 1889,) of which the following is a description.

My invention relates to an improved apparatus for methodically and continuously treating powdered substances with gases, and has for its object a simple and effective construction for attaining the desired result with a maximum amount of efficiency and a minimum amount of labor; and to this end it consists, essentially, in an upright retort or vessel for containing the material to be treated provided with an inlet in one end and with an outlet in the other end for permitting the entrance and removal of said material, trunnions provided upon the central portion of said retort or vessel, means, substantially as described, for reversing the position of the ends of the retort or vessel, a gas inlet pipe connected to admit a current of gas into the end of said retort or vessel provided with the outlet opening, and a gas outlet pipe connected to withdraw the gas from the opposite end of the retort or vessel.

The invention also consists in the detail construction and arrangement of the parts, all as hereinafter more partcula rly described and pointed out in the claims.

In describing this invention, reference is had to the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification, in which like letters indicate corresponding parts.

The drawing represents a longitudinal vertical section of my improved apparatus.

t It is well known that from the standpoint of industrial method and continuity the typical apparatus when the question is to cause heat and gases to act on a material in 'small pieces, is the continuous lime kiln, but this apparatus so simplepnethodioal, continuous and economical ceases to be useful when the material to be treated is in powdered form. This is caused. by the fact that gases circulating in these kilns from top to bottom, make for themselves irregular paths in this powdered substance, forming chimneys by which they pass entirely, while outside of the iniiuences of this current there remain whole zones of material, which, owing to their greater resistance to the progress of the gas, are unaected thereby. By my present apparatus I have sought to produce a construction adapted to treat powdered substances, and possessing therefor all the advantages of the continuous lime kiln and none of its disadvantages.

Brieiiy stated, my invention consists in an apparatus whereby the gas is permitted to pass from top to bottom, thus causing the weight of material to prevent the formation of passages of easier resistance, and by then reversing the apparatus and removing the sufficientl y acted upon material from the normal top and supplying fresh material at the normal bottom, which are then reversed in position and by then returning said apparatus to its normal position when the action of the gas continuesas before by traversing from the top to the bottom the material to be acted upon,

-A- represents a retort or vessel of suitable form, size and shape, and here illustrated as of greater length than width and formed of an outer shell -aand an inner shell rC1/- thereby preventing radiation and loss of heat.

Suitably secured to the retort or vessel A- are the hollow trunnions -B and --B which are preferably placed at the central portion of the retort in order that its extremities may balance and require but a little power to eiect their reversal by partially revolving the retort upon the trunnions. Discharging into the trunnion -B- is the gas inlet pipe -C-, and opening from said trunnion -B is the passage -b extended upwardly and registered with an inlet bin the normal top of the retort or vessel --A-. The gas, as previously described, traverses the material within the retort or vessel A from top to bottom and thus passes through the outlet openings -D- in the normal base of said receptacle. As preferably constructed, there are several of these openings, and they are formed in a pair of plates ci and -dapparatus, fresh material should be inserted at the topand the material sufficiently acted upon should be'withdrawn rfrom the bottom" as previously set forth. To effect this desirable result, I provide any suitable actuating means -G- for rotating the said retort or vessel -A- on its t-runnions. As illustrated, this actuating means consists of agear -gsecured to one of the trunnions, a gear -egsu pported by brackets g2- and operated by a crank or other power transmitting means -gsand an intermediate gear or gearing -g4 whereby, upon the rotation of the crank, motion is transmitted from the gear -gto the gear -gfor rotating said retort or vessel.

Provided at the ynormal top of the retort lA- is the outlet opening H for the material sufficiently acted upon, which opening is closed by a suitably shaped cap -l-.

Provided at the normal base of the retort o1' vessel --Au is an inlet opening -J- for fresh material closed by a cap -K- which is securely retained in position by means of fastening means -L- consisting of a lever -Z- pivoted to the base of the retort, and retained in position by a swinging link Zi- The cap -K- is provided at its inner face with a pair of perforated plates kf and -7rwhich form a continuation of the plates -dand -cZ- for allowing the escape of the gas from said retort or vessel, and when said cap is removed after the receptacle is rov tated so that its normal base is at the top,

v.here is an opening into the interior of the said retort or vessel whereby fresh material may be inserted. When, as described, the said retort is rotated so that its normal top becomes the lowest part thereof, the cap -I- is removed and the material which has been sufliciently acted upon is withdrawn.

In order to prevent the destruction of the separate zones of material sufficiently and insufficiently acted upon, I prefer to provide a false top -M- movably mounted on a clamping device or screw -N-. By this means the false top is forced against the top of the material within the retort or Vessel i and crowds the same downward so that when the said retort is rotated, all liability of settling of the material and the aforesaid destruction of the zon es thereof are absolutely prevented.

The operation of my invention will be readily understood from the foregoing description and upon reference t0 the drawing, and it is evident that at a minimum cost of expense for fuel and labor, a maximum degree of efficiency and continuity of operation is effected. I do not, however, restrict my invention to the operation upon any particular form of material since it may be used in the manufacture of chlorine by means of chlorides under the action of air; the calcination of powdered phosphates; the burning of pyrites; the revivitcation of lime muds; the manufacture of ferrite of soda; themanufacture of aluminate of soda, (to.

My apparatus may also be employed in the action of a cold gas on a solid body in powder, or in small grains", as inthe manufacture of chloride of lime by the action of pure or diluted chlorine on the lime.

This apparatus may also be used in the action of a liquid on powdered solid bodies, as for instance, the caustification of ammoniacal Salts by means of lime. It will be understood, also, that l do not limit my invention to its precise form and arrangement since the same may be somewhat varied from that described, Without departing from the spirit of my invention. M

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The herein described apparatus, the same comprising an upright retort or vessel for containing .the material to be treated, provided with an inlet opening in one end for permitting the entrance of said material and provided with an outlet opening in its opposite end for permitting the removal of said material, removable caps for opening and closing said openings, means, substantially as described, for reversing the positions of the ends of the retort or vessel, a gas inlet passage eX- tending from substantially the central portion of the retort or vessel to the end provided with the outlet opening, and a gas outlet passage extending from substantially the central' portion of the retort or vessel to the opposite end thereof provided with the inlet opening, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. The herein described apparatus, the same comprising an upright retort or vessel for containing the material to be treated provided with an inlet in its normal lower end for permitting the entrance of the material to be treated and with an outlet in its opposite end for permitting the removal of said material, trunnions provided upon the central portion of said retort or vessel, means, substantially as described, for reversing the position of the ends of the retort or vessel, a gas inlet pas.

sage extendingY from substantially the same plane as the trunnions to the normal upper end of the retort or vessel, and a gas outlet passage extending also from substantially the same plane as the trunnions to the opposite end of the -retort or vessel, substantially as described.

3. The herein described apparatus, the same comprising an upright retort or vessel for containing the material to be treated, provided with 'an inlet in its normal lower end and With an outlet in its normal upperend for permitting the entrance and removal of said material, hollow trunnions provided upon the central portion of said retort or vessel, means, substantiallyv as described, for reversing the position of the ends of the retort or vessel, a gas inlet pipe connected to one trunnion, a gas outlet pipe connected to the opposite trunnion, a gas inlet passage extending from the trunnion connected to the inlet pipe to the normal upper end of the retort or vessel, and a gas outlet pipe extending from the cpposite trunnion to the opposite end of the retort or vessel, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. The herein described apparatus,tl1e same consistingr of a retort or vessel for the material to be treated, an inlet and outlet for passing a current of gas through said material, an inlet and outlet for the material, means, substantially as described, for reversing the position of the ends of the retort or vessel, and a plate movable Within said retort or vessel for supporting the material during said reversal, substantially as specified.

'5. The herein described apparatus, the same consisting of a retort or vessel for the material to be treated, provided at one end with an inlet, and at the other with an outlet for the material to be treated hollow trunnions for pivoting said retort or vessel, passages leading from said hollow trunnions to the opposite ends of the retort or vessel for forming an inlet and an outlet to admit and Withdraw the gas for treating said material, means, substantially as described, for reversing the ends of said retort or vessel, and a plate movable Within the receptacle for supporting the material during said reversal, substantially as described.

6. The herein described apparatus,the same consisting of a retort or vessel for the mate- CID rial to be treated, provided with an opening for said material an inlet and an outlet passage for conducting a current of gas through said retort or vessel, a cover for said opening, provided with a passage extending therethrough for permitting the passage of the gas, substantially as specified.

7. The herein described apparatus,the same consisting ot a retort or vessel `for the material to be treated, provided with an opening for said material an inlet and an outlet pas sage for conducting a current of gas through said retort or vessel, a movable cover for said opening in the retort or vessel, means, substantially as described, for reversing the opposite ends of the retort or vessel, and a hinged support for holding said cover in its normal position during the reversal of the retort or vessel, substantially as set forth.

8. The herein described apparatus, the same consisting of a retort or vessel for the material to be treated, provided with an inlet in one end and with an outlet in the side Wall of its opposite end for permitting the entrance and removal of said material gas inlet and outlet pipes having their adjacent extremities disposed in a plane substantially coincident with the central portion of the retort or vessel, passages extending from of the pipes to the opposite ends ofthe retort or vessel for conducting a current of gas therethrough from end to end, means, substantially as described, for reversing the ends of said retort or vessel, a plate movable Within said receptacle at the extremity opposite to said inlet for supporting the material during said reversal, and substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name, in the presence of two attesting witnesses, at the city of Brussels, Belgium, this 12th day of December, 1889.

ERNEST SOLVAY. Witnesses:

R. LUcIoN,

GREGORY PHELAN.

said extremities