US557498A - Kiln for revivifying bone-black - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1. B. EBA. KILN POR RBVIVIPYING BONE BLACK. No. 557,498. Patented Mar. 31, 1896. JW!

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. B. EBA.

KILN FOR RBVIVIPYING BONE BLAGK.

Patented Mer.v 31, 1896.

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4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

KILN POR RBVIVIFYING BONE BLACK.l

Patented Mar. 3l, 1896.

(N0 Model.) 4 sheets-sheet 4.

. B. EBA. KILN FOR RBVIVIFYING BONE BLACK.

Patented Mar. 31,1896.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BERNIIARDT EBA, OF VARREN, PENNSYLVANIA.

KILN FOR REVIVIFYING .BONE-BLACK.

SPECIFICATION forming part f Letters Patent NO. 557,498, dated March 31, 1896.

Application filed July 25, 1895- Seral No. 557,126. (No model.)

T0 all whom it' may concern:

Be it known that I, BEENHARDT EBA, a citizen of the United States, residing at Warren, in the county of Warren and State of Pennsylvania, have invented new and useful Improvements in Kilns for Revivifying Bone- Black, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to kilns for revivif ying bone-black, and has for its object to provide a kiln of the nature described by means of which thev bone-black may be thoroughly calcined expeditiously and economically to eliminate foreign matter arrested in the process of the filtration of oil and other fluids;

and it consists in the novel features and in the construction and arrangement hereinafter described, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this speciiication, wherein- Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of my improved kiln. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 3'. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4: is a similar view on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a vertical section taken on the line 5 5 of Fig. 2. Fig. G'is a vertical sectional view of one of the retorts and coolers. Fig. 7 is a detail perspective View of one of the retorts. Fig. 8 is a similar View of one end of one of the feed-hoppers, and Fig. 9 is a similar view of one of the coolers.

My improved kiln comprises two furnaces or combustion-chambers, each of which is provided with a series of retorts and coolers, the furnaces being entirely separate and distinct from one another, whereby they may both be operated simultaneously or either one of them may be shut down or remain idle while the other is in operation, and as the two portions of the kiln are duplicates one of the other it will only be necessary to describe lthe construction and operation of one side thereof.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral 1 indicates one of the furnaces or combustionchambers inclosed between a central wall 2 and a side wall 3 and communicating, by a series of apertures 4, with a retort-chamber 5. lVithin the chamber 5 are arranged a series of retorts 6, each consisting of a hollow castiron casing rectangular in cross-section and provided upon one side at both top and bottom with iianges '7, which, when the retorts are arranged side by side in the chamber 5 andare secured in place in the manner hereinafter described, serve to maintain the retorts the proper distance apart and seal the upper and lower ends of the spaces between the retorts. The retorts 6 are each provided at their upper inner edges with a perforated ear S, through which passes a rod 9, and the end retorts are provided with four suoli lu gs-two at the bottom and two at the top-through which are passed rods 9, by means of which the retorts are bound together. The two series of retorts are tied together by tie-rods 10 and hooked links 11, the links 11 being hooked over the rods 9 and are ad]l ustably connected to the tierods 10 by nuts 12, as more clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

The retorts 6 are provided attheir lower ends with tubular dischargespouts 13, that project through the bottom wall of the retortchamber 5, the lower ends of said spouts being provided with perforated lateral ears 14, through which are passed bolts that also pass through corresponding ears 15 formed on a damper-plate 16 and by means of which said damper-plate is secured to the spout. The damper-plate is centrally apertured, as at 17, Fig. 7, in which is arranged a pivot-bolt 1S, that passes through a corresponding aperture 19 formed in the upper end of a cylinder 20, that is provided with a series of damperopenings 21, that are adapted to register with the openings in the damper-plate 16.

The lower ends of the cylinders 20 project into the upper ends of the coolers 22, each consisting of a hollow sheet-iron box of the shape more clearly shown in Fig. 9. The coolers 22 are supported at their rear sides by lugs 23, riveted to the coolers and bolted to metallic plates 24, tied in the side walls 3. To the front side of the coolers are riveted lugs 24a, through which are passed hooked rods 25, that at their upper ends are suspended from a bar 26, secured in the front and rear walls of the kiln, the said lugs abutting against the under side of a bar 27, secured in the walls of the kiln in the same manner as the bar 2G, and are held firmly in place by nuts 28 tapped over the threaded ends of the rods 25. The coolers 22 are thus rigidly held in position. The lower ends of the coolers terminate in tubularvdischarge- IOO spouts 29, over which are secured caps 30, that are provided with damper-openings 31, and upon the lower ends of the caps 30 are pivoted damper-plates 32, having openings 33 adapted to register with the openings 31 in the bottom of the caps 30. The cylinders 20 and damperplates 32 are each provided with handles or arms which are pivoted at their ends to bars 34 and 35, and said bars in turn are pivoted to a lever 3G, that at its center is pivoted to a bracket 37, secured to the side of the kiln. By oscillating the lever 3G the cylinders 20 and damper-plates 32 are partially rotated and are caused to alternately open' and close the discharge ends of the spouts 13 and 29, the arrangement being such that when the spout 13 is open the spout 29 is closed, and vice versa.

Disposed over the upper ends of each series of retorts 6 is a hopper 38, which at its under side is provided with a series of depending discharge-spouts 39, that project into the upper ends of the retorts G. A sliding gate 40 is arranged in a suitable guideway in the top of each ol' the retorts and passes through a slot 41, formed in each oi' the dischargespouts 39. By means of said gates any one of the retorts may be cut oii from communication with the hopper 38, should it be so desired for any purpose. The hopper 38 is formed with hollow walls 42, and is provided with a hinged cover 43, having a covered feed-opening 44, and the hollow walls 42 are tied together by tie-rods 45, which also serve as supports for the inverted-V-shaped shields 46, hereinafter described.

The central wall 2 between the two furnaces or combustion-chambers is provided with two passages 47, which extend from the front of the kiln to the rear thereof, the front open ends of said passages being provided with doors 48 and the rear ends communicating with passages 49, that open into the space surrounding the lower ends of the retorts. Each of the passages 47 near its rear end, comm unicates by an aperture 5() with the combustion-chamber beneath the grate. Passages 51 are also formed in the wall 2 and communicate by a series of apertures 52 with the space above the grate, said passages communicating by means of iiues 53 with the space surrounding the lower ends of the retorts at the front end oi' the kiln. The side walls 3 are each provided with a series of passages 54 55 56, each of which communicates by open ings 57 with the space surrounding the coolers 22 and at its other end communicates with a smoke-stack 58, located in the rear of the kiln. The passages 54 and 5G open into the ends of the cooler-chamber and the passage into the center thereof, for the purpose hereinafter described.

Communicating with the rear end of the retort-chamber l5 is a ilue 58, that completely surrounds said chamber and at its other end communicates by a pipe 59 with the hollow wall 42 of the feed-hopper 38. A partition GO is arranged within said hollow walls near the point where the pipe 59 enters, whereby the heat and products of combustion escaping from the furnace or combustion-chamber, as hereinafter described, are caused to pass entirely around the hopper and iinally escape by a pipe (il into the stack 58% The iircchamber communicates with the retort-chamber 5by a series of openings 4, one of said openings being disposed between every two of the retorts G, as more clearly shown in Fig.

Communicating with the upper ends of the retorts 6 are a series of pipes 62, one foreach retort, which are connected to a pipe 63, which is closed at one end and at its other end opens into the stack 58, a peep-hole or sight-opening 64 being arranged in said pipe at any convenient point, for the purpose hereinafter described.

The operation of my improved kiln is as follows: The bone-black to be reviviiied, after having been employed for the iiltration of oil and the like, is fed into the hoppers 38 and from thence drops into the retorts G. The heat and products of combustion pass irom the combustion-chamber through the openings 4 between the retorts, thence bythe flue 58 entirely around the retorts, and thence by the pipe 59 into the hollow wall of the hopper 38. By means of the partition 60 the heat is caused to pass entirely around the hopper and iinally escapes by the pipe 61 into the stack 58a. The bone-black in the retorts is thus thoroughly calcined, and the heat passing through the hollow Walls of the retort before escaping into the stack serves to give to the bone-black contained in the hopper a preliminary heating. The inverted-V-shaped IOO shields 4G are provided near the lower edges with apertures 65, which permit of the passage therethrough of the bone-black, the gases resulting from the preliminary heating of the bone-black escaping from the hopper by passing along the under side of the V- shaped shields 46 and out through the pipe 61. By forming the upper portion of said shields imperforate a clear channel for the passage of the gases is maintained.

The air necessary for the support of combustion in the furnace is supplied by the passages 47 and 51, which take the heated air from the space surrounding the upper portions of the coolers and the lower portions of the retorts and convey it to the combustionchamber both above and below the lire-grate. By opening the doors 48 an increased supply of air may be supplied to the combustion* chambers. The gases and volatile substances driven oii'f from the bone-black in the retorts escape by the pipes 62 and 63 into the stack 58, and by means of the peep-hole or sightopening 64 the manner in which the kiln is operating may be viewed. When the boneblack in the retorts has been thoroughly calcined, the lever 36 is oscillated in the proper direction to close the lower ends of the coolers IIO and open the discharge-spouts 13, when the contents of the retorts will be discharged into the coolers and the retorts will be supplied with a fresh charge of heated bone-black from the hoppers. The bone-black is permitted to remain in the coolers until the charge of bone-black in the retorts has been calcined, the bone-black in the coolers being thus sufficiently cooled to permit of its being safely discharged into contact with the atmosphere.

The operation of cooling the bone-black in the coolers is facilitated by the passages 54 55 56, the air circulating around the coolers and escaping by said passages into the stack 58a. A constant draft of air is thus caused to pass between and around the coolers, and by arranging the passages and the openings 57 in the manner described the air is caused to circulate about all the coolers equally.

By making the kiln double, as shown, either side may be shut down and rendered inoperative for repairs or when the entire capacity of the kiln is not needed, the two portions of the kilns being entirely independent and separate, as before described.

Having thus described my invention, what I Claim is-` l. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with a furnace, of a retort-chamber 5, retorts 6 arranged therein, flues 4 leading from the furnace to the lower end of said retort-chamber, a fiue 58 surrounding said chamber and communicating at one end with the rear end of the chamber, a rfeed-hopper 38 arranged over the retorts and completely surrounded by a flue, a partition 60 arranged in said flue,

a discharge-pipe 6l communicating with said iiue on one side of said partition, and a pipe 59 communicating with said iiue on the opposite side of the partition and communicating at its opposite end with the flue 58, substantially as described.

2. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with a retort-chamber and a furnace for heating the same, of retorts arranged in said chamber and each provided at both top and bottom with laterally-projecting anges 7, the iianges abutting against the sides of the adjacent retorts and sealing the spaces between said retorts, substantially as described.

3. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with a retort-chamber and a furnace for heating the same, of retorts arranged in said chamber and-each provided on one side at both top and bottom with projecting flanges 7, projecting perforated lugs formed on the upper and lower ends of the two end retorts, and tierods secured in said lugs and operating to bind the retorts together, substantially as described.

' 4. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with a furnace, of a retort-chamber 5, retorts 6 arranged therein, ues -it leading from the furnace to the lower end of said retort-chamber, and a flue 58 completely surrounding said chamber and extending from the top to the bottom thereof, said flue communicating at one end with the rear end of said chamber and at its other end with a discharge-pipe, substantially as described.

5. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with a furnace of a retort-chamber 5, retorts 6 arranged therein, a feed-hopper 38 arranged over the retorts and having hollow walls, iiues 4 leading from the furnace to the lower end of said retort-chamber and a iiue 58 completely surrounding said chamber and eX- tending from the top to the bottom thereof, said iue communicating at one end with the rear end of said chamber and at its other end with a pipe communicating with the hollow walls of the hopper, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

BERNHARDT EBA.

Witnesses:

C. C. THOMPSON, JAMES W. WIGeINs.

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