US821323A - Apparatus for distilling coals and other hydrocarbonaceous substances. - Google Patents

Description

No. 821,323. PATENTED MAY 22, 1906. H. WURTZ. APPARATUS POR DISTILLING GOALS AND OTHER HYDROGARBONACEOUS SUBSTANCES. APPLIOATION FILED @11.13, 1905.

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APPARATUS POR DISTILLI'NG GOALS AND OTHER HYDROGARBONACEOUS W/TNESSES.-

` H. WURTZ APPARATUS PoR DISTILLING GOALS AND OTHER HYDROGARBONAGBOUS SUBSTANGES.

fAPPLIQATION FILED Amma. 1905.

No. 821,323. PATENTBD MAY 2z, 1906.

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H. WURTZ. APPARATUS PoR DISTILLING GOALS AND OTHER HYDROUARBONAGBOUS SUBSTANGBS.

. APPLIOATION FILED Amma. 1905.

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sENRrv wrRra,V or NEWARK, New arrasar, assreNoR ro AMERrcAN cnet/neat EnnorroN courant?, a coRroRarioN.

APPARATUS FOR DISTlLUllG CALSAllDl-illlltll HYllOCAllBONllChOUS SUBSTANCES.

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dpeciheation ofvllictters Patent.

Application illerl April lll. 1905. `Serial No.255,35l.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that l, HENRY VVURTZ, a citiaen ot the United States, residing at Newark, in the county ot ltssex andState ot New dersey, have invented certain Vnew and useful improvements in Ap aratus tor Uistilling Goals and other -lly rocarbonaceous Substances; and li do hereby declare the following to be a tullfclear, and exact description ol the invention, such las will enable others skilled inthe art to. which it appertains to make and use the same. f

This invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out inapraetical manner the process oi distilling solid hydrocarbonaceous materials-such, -lor exam le, as cannel, bloclr, splint, and other coa s, peats, shales, lignites, and other mineral 4and organic substances-set lorth, described, and claimed in my application entitled. Process ot distilling' coals and' like substances and tiled/No- {vember 21,'190Ll, Serial No. 23.33%.

rlhe object ot the invention is, hrst, to`

provide a suitable apparatus in which to opcrate the said process in a practical, etlective, and expedient manner; second, to construct the apparati s so that there shall be a complete separa ion between the rire or lires for ,e producing the deozridizedair or heatingV the inoombustible .gases `and the coal or. other substance undergoing dis'tillationv so that combustion ol the material willbe prevented absolutely; third, to provide means lor re moving the residual eolie when distillation -oi a charge is completed and recharging the apparatus quiclrly and easily; io'urth, to provide means ,tor regulating or controllingy the l temperature ciV the air or gases in the appara'tus, and,iitth, to provide'means tor moving the currents ol heated deoxidized air or ases through the apparatus rapidly and for rawing the va ors arising from the decomposition oi the coa or other material 'trom the apparatus and removing them trom the heat betere i secondary action can talre place, thereby arresting or preventing dissociationot the vapors or the tormatidn of permanent ases.

The nature oi the invention be described in connection with the accompanyinggdrawings, in which" f igure l represents a vertical cross-section ot the apparatus, taken through the center thereoi. same, talren on line ser ot Fig. lilig. 3 is a Fig. il is a horizontal section ofthe sectional side elevation, on a reduced scale, of

the apparatus. llig. d is a longitudinal vertical section oi the casin "which forms the receptacle-tor the materia ratentednay sa, reco.-

The apparatus for the distillation ot the hydrooarbonaceous substances consists oi an exterior structurein .which are embraced the hre chamber or chambers, the heat flue, or ilues, iuelmagasines, a compartment between the ire-'chambersand the heat-liues, and a 'trough below the said. compartment i ,into which the; vapors descend on their wav to a pipe leadingto an exhauster by whic they are drawnout and driven lto the condenser. The' apparatus. also comprises a` casing that fits snugly into the compartment and in which the material to be distilled is placed and which is adapted to be .readily and quickly removed into or withdrawn from the said compartment.

i rlhe' exterior structure is preferably built oi plate steel or iron, and, as shown in the drawings, at the sidesthereof near the bottom there are lire-chambers 1 1 between the eirterior walls 2 23 and the Walls 3' 3 of the compartment E. The bottoms of these walls are formed with flanges l d 5 5, that rest upon and are bolted to the base-iframe 6, the flanges ll il oi the compartment-walls bein turned outward or, projecting into the tire-c amber, so that on their inside the walls oi the compartment present pariectly plane surfaces `unbroken by tlanges orotherprojections.

rlhe tire-chambers are lined with iirabriclr,

`as at titl, and provided with rate-bars. The

rear walls 9 9 ot the hre-cham ers are termed by plates joined and riveted to the side walls, so as to close completely the chambers at the rear, and at the iront they are closed air tight b tlanged plates l() 10,let into the iront on the lire-chambers and securedby bolts passed laterally through the lian es and the walls ot the chamber. Below t e lirechamber are ash-pits 1l l1, and between the ash-pits and directly under the compartment B there is a trough l', having a vapor-exit l2 at the rear and `fitted-with a flange ll, to which is fastened an errhausapipe lll, that leads into the casing oi a rotary exhaustdan l). (Shown in llig. 3, but omitted trom llig. 1;) lli`he walls ot the ash-pit and of the trough are formed by steelor iron plates llanged and riveted or bolted to the basetrarne e.

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' 16, (the latter flanged at the bottom,) that tops of said rod-guides, so that the valves can be opened andclosed either by hand or byrest onr the frames 17 17, laid on the flanges of the exterior walls of the ireechamber, the ilanges of the walls 16 16, the exterior edges of the frames 17 17, and the iianges of the walls 2 2 being bolted or riveted together-` The inner sides of the frames 17 17 are flanged, as at 18 18, and the bottomsof the inner walls of the magazine are bolted or riveted to these flanges. At the top the magazines are iitted with exterior watertrough 19 19 to receive the rims of the covers 2() 20, thus forming water seals for the said covers.

Between the walls 3 3 of the compartment B and the-walls 15 15 of the fuel-magazines there are vertical heat-fines L L, leading-from the ire-chambers- I rlhe compartment is closed at the top by a cover 21, ilanged and riveted to the walls of the magazines. l.The walls 3 3 of this compartment extend up to and connect with the cover 21, and a short distance from the cover they are provided. with periorations 22 22 and bottom plates 24 24,- which are provided withV valve- seats 25,25 in valve-chambers M M. 1Valves 26 26 in said chambers have their rods passed up through rod-guides and through the yperforations in the perforated mechanical means. dust under the cover 21 in the back walls of the heat-luesthere are draft-openings 27 27, 'from each of which pipes lead to the stack. (N ot shown.)

Longitudinally of the cover of the casing there is a vertical slot 23 between upward extensions 29 29 oi the cover, which is open at the iront. The tops of the extensions are turned over at right angles to form anges on `which a plate 30 is placed, lutedwith clay, and

fastened to form an air-tight cover for the groove when distilling is going on.

31 31 are hooks the stems or" which are passed down through the slot 23 into the compartment B, while the tops ot the stems are provided with rings 31a. The plate 30 serves as 'a cover for the slot 23, and the function of the hooks is to lift and carry the casing when it is moved in and out ci the comgartment.k

' The casing C is constructed of plate-iron, steel, or any other suitable material, and coni sists of side and rear end walls riveted at the bottom to an angle-iron hame 33. rThe front, top, and bottom are open; but theside walls at or near the to are connected by two 'or more transverse ro s 34 34, each of which so that the casing will be held perfectly level when moved. The casing its into the com, partment easily, only space enough being left between to allow for expansion, so that as much as possible of the heat from the lines will radiate hrough the walls and reach the contents of he casing. rThe casing is provided with longitudinal brackets 36, xed to the sides, and on these brackets trays 37 are placed, but need not be fastenedpso that they Fig. 3) is closed against the rear Wall of the casing,r a space 3.8 being lett between its iront end and the door 39, that closes the iront end of the casing; but the tray immediately beneath it is oppositely arranged, the space occurring between its rear end and the rear wall oi the casing. These'spaces thus occur at opposite'ends of the casing al,-

ternately, a zigzag passage being thus formed through the casing. The heated products of combustion drawn through the casing are thus compelled to traverse the entire length 'oi the trays and their contents twice, first over the top and then under the bottom.

The front of the casing when distillation is goin on is closed by a iianged plate 39,

which is inserted in the open iront with the danges against the side walls, where they are secured by bolts, which are passed through the bearings and inserted in the open ends of the inclined slots in the edges of the side walls. The front of the compartment B and the iront end of the slot 23 between' the eX# tensions 29 29, which is also open, are to be closed by means of a door V, which nts closely TOO againstthe viianges 4() 40011 the front ends of the walls ci the compartmentand the'iironty ends of the extensionsY 29 29, and the joints are made air-tight and gas-.tightby luting them vwith clay and the door fastened by means of screw-clamps 40a.

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' Above. the apparatus and in vertical alinement with the'slot 28 there is' a trolley-rail 42, on which a trolley 43 runs;

is suspended from the trolley by a ain 44a,

, whichcarries a hook 45, that ,engages a wire rope 46, fastened to the rings 31' 31a on the outer ends of the stems of the hooks 31 31.

These hooks 31 31 engage the quirks 35 35 of` Athe rods 34 34, and the casing is thus susulley 44- pended frormthe hook 45 of the pulley, as .de- 1 scribed.

The operation of the apparatus in the distillation of the coals, &c., is as follows: The casin rests when in the compartment on the baseame 6, as shown by Figs. 1 and 3. To move it out of the compartment for the purpose of putting the material on the trays. it

is lifted, by means ofthe pulley, until itis suspended just above the base-frame 6, and (the door V of the compartment having been' pre-v viously removed) the casing is run out of the compartment b i, means of the trolley. The trays are then lled with lumps of, say, cannel-coal, 4which may be heaped up more or less. The trays are then carefully adjusted, so that space will be left at alternate ends of adjoining trays, and thus a zigza passage formed through the casing. The goor 39 of the casing is then put in place to close the front end, and the casin is then run back into the compartment and owered until it rests on the base-frame `6. The fires are then started upand the dampers 4l in the pi es 27, (only one of these pipes and dampers eing shown) leading to the stack, (not shown,) opened for 'a short time to quicken the iire. When the temperature in the ap aratus reaches, say, 750o Fahrenheit, or belbw red heat or incandescence, as indicated by the pyrometer l), the dampers are closed and the exhauster is started and driven `at a high speed. The eii' ect of this isto draw the hot, gaseous, neutral, or deoxized products of combustion up` through the heat-hues, then through the perforations 22 22 into the valvechambers, then downward into the casing, past the valves 26 26, through the zigzag assage, through the casing C, as indicatecFbv' the arrows. ln passing downward following the said passage it necessarily passes over the top of the coal on the trays to the spaces between them and the end walls of the casing, and descending `through these spaces it passes in the opposite direction under the bottoms of the trays. Thus thecoal in each tray is exposed to the rapidly-moving currents of the hot products of combustion, and the action ofthe heat in drawing out the oils is continuous and rapid. The temperatuie not being sufficiently highy to dissociate the initial products, tar, naphthalene, benzol, ctc., are not developed, large quantities of parafiin are produced, and the residual coke is hard, porous, free burning, and practically `quite devoid of volatile matter, these qualities assimilating it more nearly to charcoal than to the coke produced by high temperatures in coke-ovens. The temperature ot the products of combustion is regulated by the valves 26, byrmeans of which it can be maintained between 700D and 800 Fahrenheit, or below red heat or incandescence, at which point the desired results are obtained. By means of these valves the currents oi heated gases or va ors are managed in such ways as to accornp ish all the chemical objects aimed at. rlhe currents ol1 the products of combustion containing carbonio Y i Y i Y, il Y Y in "Myron n'lrarefmad eto'pass'throughrvhe decomposing coal from above downward, thussweeping the heavy vapors away trom the heat as rapidly as possible and preventing second- `to be aryaction and'dissociation. Hence the total absence ottar, na hthalene, and benzol and the unprecedente amount of phenols that are formed. Hence also the short duration of the operation compared to that of the White-hot gas-retort, 1n which the heat is largely expended in the work of dissociation of the first products.

I claiml. ln, an apparatus for distilling coals and other hydrocarbonaceous substances, spaced and staggered trays, for holding the substance istilled, inclosed in a compartment which is in communication on the one hand with a heat-line from a fire-chamber adjoining the compartment, and on the other hand with an exhaust-pipe,l and means for inducing currents of heated products of combustion to enter the `compartment from the heatflue and to zigzag over the substance on the trays, and under and around the ends of the trays and to draw the products or' combustion and distillation out of the compartment and into the exhaust-pipe, substantially as specified.

2 in an apparatus for distilling coals and other hydrocarbonaceous substances, spaced and staggered trays, for holding the substance to bedistilled, inclosed in a compartment which is in communication on the one hand with heat-fines from tire-chambers adjoining the two sides of the compartment, and on the other hand with an exhaust-pipe, and means for inducing currents of heated products of combustion to enter the compartment from the heat-fines and zigzag over the substance on the trays, and under and around the ends of the trays and to draw the products of combustion and distillation out oil.i the compartment and into the exhaust-pipe, substantially as speciiied.

3. ln an apparatus for distilling coals and other hydrocarbonaceous substances, spaced and staggered trays, 'lor holding the substance to be distilled, inclosedin a compartment which is in communication on the one hand with heat-fines from fire-chambers adjoining the two sides ofthe compartment, and on the other hand with an exhaust-pipe, meanslior inducing currents of heated products ot combustion to enter the compartment from they heat-dues and zigzag over the substance on the trays and under and around the ends of the trays, and to draw the products of combustion and distillation out of the compartment and into theexhaust-pipe, and means for controlling the inflow of the products of combustion to the compartment, substantially as specified. i 4t. ln an apparatus for distilling coals and other hydrocarbonaceous substances, the

pertinent adjacent thereto, but` separated therefrom by a wall, and a heat-tine leading from the lire-chamber, openings in the wall IOO Irs

combination of tire-chambers and a compartment located between the same, heat-ilues leading from the llire-chambers, openings leading to the heat-lues in the Walls of the compartment, trays supported oneabove the other in the compartment and staggered to form a zigzag passage through the compartment, an eXhaust-p1pe and an exhaust. connected therewith to'i'nduce the productsvof Icombustion from the heat-fines into and throughthe compartment and tol draw the products of combustion and distillation out ci the compartment and into the exhaustpipe, substantially as s eci'ied.

6. In an apparatus or distilling coals and other hydrcarbonaceous substances; the

combination of one or moraine-chambers, a

compartment adjacent to the iire chamber or chambers, heat flue or lines leading from the` iire chamber or chambers to the compartment, and a casing inserted in the compartment having trays arranged in the same for the coal, substantially as'speciied.

7. The combination ci one or moreiirechambers, a compartment adjacent thereto, a heat flue or ues leading from the fire chamber or chambers to the compartment, a casing .open at top and bottom and having trays arranged therein to forma zigzag passage through the casing, and adapted to receive the coal to be distilled, substantially as specil fied.

ceases 8. The combination ci one or more hre-l chambers, a fuelmagazine located above Vthe hre-Chambers having Water-sealed tops, a compartment adjacent to the nre chamber or chambers but divided therefrom by a parti'- tion or partitions, heat ue or ilues leading from; the nre chamber or chambers to the compartment and a casing located in the compartment having trays arranged therein for the coal,rsubstantially as speciiied.

9. The combinatio vof one or more firechambers, acompartment adjacent thereto divided therefrom by a partition or partitions through which openings lead into the com* partment, a valve chamber or chambers located in the compartment and valves'for controlling the temperature in the compartment, substantially as specified.

10. The combination of one or more firechambers, a compartment adjacent thereto,

heat ilue or ilues leading to the compartment, a casing' arranged in the compartment and having trays arranged therein to receive the coal said casing adapted to be moved into the compartment during distillation and to beY moved out of the same to dischar e the residual coke and recharge With coa all substantially as speciiied.

11. The combination of one or more irechambers, a compartment adjacent thereto, heat flue or flues leading to the compartment, valves for regulating the temperature in the compartment, a casing in thecompartment having tra s arranged therein for the coal, a trough un er the casing to draw the products of combustion and the vapors arislng irom the distillation of the coal out of the casing, all substantially as speciied.

In testimony that IA claim the invention above set forth I have alixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

MENRY WURTZ.

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