US1391825A - Apparatus for devolatilizing coal, wood, shales, &c. - Google Patents

Description

C. M. GARLAND'. 'APPARATUS'FORDEVOLATI'LIZING COAL, woon, s'HALEsgw.

APPLICATION' FILED MAR. 31 i919."

PatentedSept 27, 1921,-

||||||| :luf 1 :l .Inl lili CLAUDE M. GARLAND, or CHICAGO, prnianvors.

APPARATUS ron. Yn EvoLA'JrILIznvsr coAr., Woon, sHALEs, a'w.

` To alll whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CLAUDE GARLAND,

a citizen of the United States,`residing inv Chicago, in the Y,county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Im.

provements in Apparatus. for Devolatilizing Coal, Wood, Shales, &c.', of which the folvlowing .is a specification.

My invention has for its object the prlvision of-improved means for coking bituminous coaland devolatilizing such fuels as wood', lignite and shales, whereby-the time rrequired for devolatilizing is greatly reduced, the-products resulting therefrom ining of fuels `at a low temperature. In this process it has been found that in order to .coke such fuels rapidly the fuel must be divided into thin layers in order for the heatv Afully my invention. Referring to the drawthat `follows.

`peratures used do not i2000/F.; y In my apparatusthe coking or devo1at1hz-- creased in quantity and the labor required in the operation greatly lessened.

Further objects .and advantages of the invention will beset vforth in the description The apparatus, is intended vfor the, cokto reach the center of .the mass. The teming is carried out in a cast iron retort which is divided into a number of narrowcompartm-ents formed by partitions which 'extend crosswise of theretort. A large number of these,partitions are formed in one retort and a common coveris used for all of the compartmentsformed by the .partitions The' accompanying drawings which formA a part of this specication illustrate more ingsin whichlike numerals designate like parts in the various figures, Figure 1 shows an elevation in section taken on the line XX of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is an elevation in section taken on the line ZZ' of Fig. 3.- Fig. 3 is a f' plan in part section taken on the line YYl of Fig.l 1.] Fig. 4, a detail showing the means of supporting the'swinging bottom 12, by

- the dog 14.

Referring to the4 drawings the numeral l indicates a closed heating chamber which is covered with an insulating medium 20. This heating chamber is supportedon the beams 19 at a suitable distance from the ground.

i Extending through the heating chamber are a plurality of retorts 2` which are preferably made fromf'cast iron. 'Ihese retorts vare 'difi vided into a llarge numberof compartments Specication of Letters Patent. Application led March 3, 1919. ASerial No.

the. dog 14. This is as a rule. exceed` Patented Sept. 27, 1921.

4, byl the `cast iron partitions 3. The vre-` torts12 may be made of any convenient length, preferably'not exceeding twelve feet.

The width 'o f the retort is approximately Il2 p inches, while the depth of the retort is ap- The partitions are4 proximately' .`12 ft. spaced approximately 4 in'. apart and these partitlons are made thickerat the top than at the bottom. The 'sides of the retorts 2 arc a little'farther apart at the bottom than `at the top. The compartmentsf4 therefore havel a tapering section which makes'the `devolatilized fuel drop out when the swinging 4door 12 is dropped. The Aswinging door or bottom 12 is hinged at 13. The lowerzend of` the retort 2 is enlarged to accommodate the tom is `dropped the'fueLslides out without lnterferlng with the bottom. 14 is a dog swinging bottom 12 so thatwhen the botwhich normally holds the bottom 12 in the osition shown on the drawings. When this og 1s moved to one side the bottom drops. V

Fig. 4 shows a detail of thearrangement of pivoted at 24 tothe side of the retort" 2.

The retorts 2 are closed'at the top by the covers .6, The .sides of these covers dipl intol a channel 8 which is cast around ythe top of the retort. This channel is filled with pitch which remains liquid dueto theheat inthe retort and seals off the top of the retort preventing` the escape of gas. The vertical i partitions 3 eXtendingcrosswise of the retorts 2 do not extendthe full length of the titions 3 are cut oflE Ato accommodate the swinging bottom 12. The gas .outlet -connections 5 are provided in the retort near the 90 'retorts.' At the top these partitions are cut offv about 12.inches below the tops of the'lv yretorts 2. This provides a gas space in the top of the retort. At the bottom these parupper end and above the fuel level which` is maintained at thetop of the partitions'. Preferably na gas ofl'take connection 5 is provided onJ each side of the retort.

Abottomvcover plate 7 `provided with a channel V9 which is also filled with pitchv serves to seal off the bottom of the retort and prevent the escape of gas. The bottom cover plates 7 are supported in place by means of the'hooks 10. ,l

In the lower part of the heating chamber 1, liues 17 are provided for delivering hot gas tothe interior of the'heating chamber.`

The ues 17 are provided with inlet connec- 'tions 18. A Hue 1'? is provided on each side of the retorts 2. These flues 17 admit either superheated steam, products of combustion or other -hot gases which pass up along4 the sides of the retorts 2 and leave the heating chamber through the vflues 15. which'are also vlocated in the top of the heating chamber, 'one on each side of each retort 2. The-hues f and 17 are preferably perforatedso as to uniformlyrdistribute the heating medium. The cover plates 6 are provided with lift- 'ing rings 11. s'

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: The cover plates are removed and the removed, the bottom 12 droppedfand the.

swinging'bottom 12 raised into `the position shown on the drawings and held in place bythe dogsv 141. Fuel is'then charged into the compartments 4 up to the top of the par'- l titions 3. The cover plates 6 and 7 are 'then placed Vin position and a hot` gas passed through the fines 17, up through the heating chamberl and out through the fiues 15. After the .fuel is coked the cover plates are fuel slides out. The retorts are then again charged andthe operation repeated.

From the foregoing description Vit will-be seen that simple and efiicientrmeanfs are herein provided for'the rapid devolatilizing of a fuel. The thick partitions 3 extending crosswise of the retort rapidly conduct the heat into the mass of fuel. A pluralityof compartments covered by a single cover plate, top and bottom, insures a minimum of labor in the operation. While they elements shown and described are well adapted to serve` the purpose for which they are iny tion is not limited 4to il heating chamber, a vertical retort extending through the said heatingchamber, a plurallty of vertical partitions extending crosswise of the said retort and means for discharging a heating medium Within the said heating chamber and adjacent to the sides ofthe said vertical retort whereby the fuel contained in the said retort is-"heated pro` gressively from 'the outer edges toward the center.

'3. In apparatus of the type described a heating chamber, .aV 'vertical retort extending through the said heating chamber, the

length of the said retort being greater than the breadth thereof, a plurality of `metal partitions vertically disposed, andV extending crosswise of the said retort whereby the said retort is divided into a pluralityof narrow compartments and lues for the disy of thetype de# charge of a heating medium on'each side,v

'of the" said retort.

4. In apparatus of the type described a heating chamber, a vertical metallic retort extendlng through the said heating chamber, the llengthy of the said retort being greater than the breadth thereof, a plurality` of heat conducting partitions vertically d isposed and extending crosswise of the said retort and flues for the -discharge of a heating\medium within the' said heating chamber and on each side of the said retort.

` 5. In apparatus ofl the type described, a

heating chamber, a vertical metallic retort4 extending lthrough the said heating chami-ber, the length of the" `said retort being greater than the breadth thereof, .a plurality of heat conducting partitions vertically disposed and extending crosswise of the saidv l retort, a gas tight cover for the top of the said retort, the said cover adapted to being able gas tight cover for the bottom of the removed for the charging` of fuel, a) removsaid retort, a gas ofl'take"I connectionwfor 1 the removal of the'products of distillation from within the said retort, and 'means for the discharge of a hot gas within the said 'heating chamber and adjacent to the sides l of the said metallic retort. l 6. In apparatus of the type described, a heating greater than the breadth thereof, a plurality of heat'conducting partitions vertically disposed and extending crosswise vlof the said chamber, a vertical metallic retort extending through the said heating cha'm ber, lthe length of the said retort being retort, a removable gas tight cover for the top of the said retort, a swinging bottom under the said partitions and Vwlthin. the.

. said retort adapted to support `the fuel within the retortand a gas tight cover closing the bottom of the retort and removably supportedtherefrom.

In apparatus of the type described, a

heatindg chamber, "a vertical cast iron retortv s exten ng through the said heating'chamber, the length of the said :retort being greater than the breadth thereof, a plurality of parallel metal partitions vertically disi "posed `'and extending crosswise of the said retort, a liquid sealed cover plate for the top of the said retort, afli' uid lsealed bot,

tom plate for'the bottom o the said retort L dium withinthe said heating chamber-and Von each side of 1the ysaid vertical cast ironv retort.-

8. In apparatus of the type described, a

heating chamber, avertie-al retort extendingv v through.,the said yheating chamber, a pluand flues for the discharge of a heating me-` ralityof metal partitions vertically disposed and extending crosswise of the said retort, a flue for, the discharge vof a heatedv gas `within the saidheatingchamber and near the bottom thereof and an offtake fluefor removing the heated gas discharged from the first named flue and located near the top of the said heating chamber.

9. In apparatus of the type described, a heating chamber, a vertical metallic retort extending through the said heating chamber, the length of the said retort being greater than the breadth thereof, a plurality of metal partitions vertically disposed and extending crosswise of the said retort, a perforated flue on each side of the said retort and parallel thereto located within the said heating chamber and near the bottom thereof, each of the said flues being adapted to discharge a heated gas adjacent to the walls of the said retort and a perforated off-take flue for the removal of the said gas on each side of the said retort located Within the said heating chamber and near the top thereof, whereby a heated gas is caused to flow from the said bottom flues upward and adjacent the sides of the said retort and out through the said off-take fiues.

l0. In apparatus of the type described, a heating chamber, a vertical metallic retort extending through the said heating chamber, the length of the said retort being greater than the breadth thereof, a plurality of partitions vertically disposed and extending crosswise of the said retort, the said partitions being tapered from bottom to top and the side walls of the said retort being spaced a greater distance apart at the lbot-- tom than at the top whereby a plurality of tapering compartments vare formed within the said retort, the large end of the said compartments being located at thebottom of the said retort.

l1. In apparatus of the type described, a heating chamber, a plurality of vertical'cast iron retorts, of rectangular horizontal section'extending lengthwise of the said chamber, each retort being divided byfpartitions into a plurality of narrow vertical compartments, a gas tight removable cover formingv the top of each of the said retorts, a gas tight removable cover forming the bottom of each of the saidl retorts, a gas off-take pipe for the removal of the products of distillation from eachof the Said retorts and means for.l

supplying a heating medium within the said heating chamber and on each side of the said cast iron Vertical retorts.

12. In apparatus of the type described, a plurality of yparallel vertical metallic retorts, a heating chamber inclosing the said retorts, a flue for the discharge of hot gas between each of the said retorts and near the bottom of the said heating chamber and a -gas off-take iue between each of the said retorts and near the top of the said heating chamber, whereby a heated gas is caused to flow from the bottom to the top of the said heating chamber and between the said retorts therein.

13. In apparatus of the type described, a vertical open ended retort, a plurality of vertical open ended compartments within the said retort and a plurality of gas tight covers for each end of the said retort, each of the said covers being common to a plurality of the said compartments.

414:. In apparatus of the type described a vertical open ended retort of rectangular section, a plurality of narrow open ended vertical compartments within the said retort and liquidsealed gas tight covers closing the top and bottom ends of the said retort common to a plurality of the said compartments "I CLAUDE M. GARLAND.

Witnesses:Y

I. J. BONNER, ETrmL PETER.

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