US445394A - Apparatus for making coke - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

B. T. 00X. APPARATUS FOR MAKING COKE. No. 445,394. Patented Jan. 27, 1891.

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PATENT EDIVARD T.

COX, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR MAKlNG (DUKE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters latent No. 445,394, dated January 27, 1891.

Application filed February 26, 1890. Serial No. MLS IO. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern-.-

Be it known that I, EDWARD T. COX, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Making Coke and Saving the \Vaste Products, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improved apparatus for coking coals and saving the valuable ingredients of the distillate.

In the drawings, in which like referencesigns refer to like parts throughout, Figure 1 is a sectional View of a single coke-oven and condenser on the line 1 1 of Fig.2. Fig. 2 is a section on the line2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of a series of ovens connected to a single condenser and gas-holder. Figs. 4: and 5 are bottom and side views of metal covers for the holes in the bottom of the oven.

Heretofore in the manufacture of coke ithas been customary to fire the raw coal either in an open heap or in an oven, allowing it to burn freely until the whole mass becomes ignited, after which the fire is smothered by excluding the air and the charge allowed to stand for some hours in a glowing condition to finish the coking process. IVhen the mass of coal is thus fired and air admitted, the volatile products and much of the fixed carbon of the coal are consumed and the process is found to be extremely wasteful.

13 y my improvement I treat the coal in an oven or chamber from which air is excluded and maintain it at a low heat by means of a heated casing containing a combustionchamber embedded in the mass of coal. The combustion-chambcr does not communicate with the interior of the oven, and air may be freely admitted to it through openings without prejudice to the coke. The distillate from the coals is passed through a condenser or series of condensers and the solid and liquid hydrocarbons thereby separated out. The residual gas is then conveyed to a holder, from which it may be drawn to be burned in the eombustion-chamber or to supply heat or power for other purposes.

Vhile in some cases it will be found convenient and economical to use a holder for the gas, it may be conveyed directly from the condenser to the combustion-chamberand the expense of the plant thereby reduced.

In order to properly exhaust the distillate from the oven and force it through the condenser,1 use a blower or air-pu mp, the power for which maybe derived from the gas which is stored in the holder.

In carrying out my invention no particular form of oven is necessary, and I may adapt any of the common forms, such as the beehive oven, to be used in connection with my improvements.

In the drawings, A designates a coke-oven; B, a stove or combustion-chamber within the oven; 0, a condenser; D, ablower, and E a gasholder. The oven A may be of any desired form. As shown, it is circular. It is provided with a grated or perforated false bottom 1, below which is an inclined bottom 2 and an outlet 3 for the passage of the distilled gases.

The bottom 2 is inclined to facilitate the discharge of the liquid products of distillation. A hole t, provided with a lid or door, is situated at some convenient point, preferably on top, through which the oven is charged, and one or more doors 6 are placedon a level with the grate for the purpose of withdrawing the coke.

The grated or false bottom 1 is perforated uniformly over its surface by holes 20, and in order to prevent these holes being choked up with coke I provide them with coveringplates 21, which have on their under surfaces grooves 22 for the passage of the gas and liquids, and pins 23 on the plates enter cor responding holes in the bottom 1 to preventthe plates from shifting. (See Fig. l.)

The combustion-casing 15, which may be made of iron, fire-brick, or any suitable material, is preferably partially divided by a partition 7, around which the draft passes, so as to more evenly distribute the heat, and a chimney 5 connects with the upper section of the chamber.

While I may use either wood or coal as fuel, I may also use gas, and prefer to use the residual gas from the condenser, and I have shown a burner 8, arranged for this purpose within the combustion-chamber and connected with a gas-pipe 9.

By my apparatus all of the heat necessary to reduce the coal to coke is derived from the comlmstion-chaml)er and a great saving of coal is effected.

The condenser (3 consists of a series of pipes 10, arranged within a tank ll, which is kept supplied with cold water. The pipes 10 communicate the first with the chamber g,

having valve 30, and the others with a series of receptacles 12, in which the condensed hydrocarbons are collected and from which they may be drawn off by valves 13. The various solid and liquid hydrocarbons will be condensed in one or other of the series of pipes 10, according to the temperatures at which they boil, the gas gradually cooling as it passes through the series. A pipe 1i leads from the condenser to the holder E, and also connects with the pipe 9, leading to the burnerS. A system of valves 15 is arranged to govern the flow of gas to and from the holder and to the burner. I preferably place the blower between the condenser and holder, as shown.

The operation is as follows: The oven is charged with coal to about the level of the top of the casing or combustion-chamber and the charging-hole closed. The charging-hole and doors are preferably sealed with fire-clay, so as to exclude the air. A fire is then started in the casing and kept properly regulated throughout the coking operation. The amount of heat required will di'ifer for differentkinds of coal, but it must not be allowed to get too high. A temperature of about 800 Fahrenheit I find produces the best results with ordinary coals. Near the close of the operation the temperature may be raised considerably, in order to make the coke hard and give ita good metallicluster. NVhen the temperature rises to a sufficient degree, the blower is started and the products of distillation are drawn through the condenser and the residual gas forced into the holder or returned to the combustion-casing. By the use of the fan the oven is relieved of unnecessary pressure due to accumulated volatile products, and the amount of pressure is under control by the speed at which the fan is driven. It is found that some varieties of coal will not make a good dense coke if subjected to too much pressure while being coked. An excess of pressure causes the coke to be honeycombed and puffed up. This is especially the case with what are called fatty bituminous coals, but the reverse is the case with the dry burningbituminous coals. Considera fzaeae able pressure improves the quality of their coke.

Goals coaked by my apparatus yield no tar, but large quantities of waxy parafiine-oils and other liquid hydrocarbons, the yield varying according to the character of coal operated on. Some coals give a larger yield than others. Some give more paraffine and less of the lighter oils. Others yield just the reverse, less of the heavy and more of thelighter oils.

Without limiting myself to the precise construction shown, I claim 1. A coking-oven provided with a closed chamber with perforations in the bottom and adapted to receive the coal, a bottom channel leading to a receptacle for the liquid pro ducts'below said bottom, a heating-casing arranged within the chamber in position to be surrounded by the coal, and means for introducing a heating medium into the casing, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with the coke-oven having the perforated bottom and a channel below said bottom of the casing B within the oven communicating with a flue, meansfor introducing a heating medium into said casin g, and the condenser O, communicating with said channel, substantially as described.

3. The combination, in a coking apparatus, of a chamber adapted to receive the coke and provided with a perforated bottom, a casing arranged within the chamber, a gas-pipe extending into said casing, and a flue communicating with said casing, substantially as described.

4. The combination of the coking-oven,the casing arranged within the same and communicating with the flue, means for introducing a heating medium into said casing, a perforated bottom to the said oven, a conduit for the reception of the distillates, arranged below said bottom, and a condenser communicating with said conduit, substantially as described.

5. In a coke-oven, a perforated false bottom and grooved plates for covering the perforations, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDWARD T. COX.

l/vitnesses:

W. E. LOWN, GERALDD. M. GIRDWOOD.

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