US4918522A - Method of taking pictures of a quick-moving object by means of video method - Google Patents

Method of taking pictures of a quick-moving object by means of video method Download PDF

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Publication number
US4918522A
US4918522A US07/230,340 US23034088A US4918522A US 4918522 A US4918522 A US 4918522A US 23034088 A US23034088 A US 23034088A US 4918522 A US4918522 A US 4918522A
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United States
Prior art keywords
image
light
image sensor
shooting
impulse
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Expired - Fee Related
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US07/230,340
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English (en)
Inventor
Rauno Pajunen
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FONTEL FOUNDATION A CORP OF NJ
Valmet Fabrics Oy
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Tamfelt Oy AB
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Assigned to TAMFELT OY AB, YRITTAJANKATU 21, SF-33100 TAMPERE, FINLAND reassignment TAMFELT OY AB, YRITTAJANKATU 21, SF-33100 TAMPERE, FINLAND ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: PAJUNEN, RAUNO
Assigned to FONTEL FOUNDATION, A CORP. OF NJ reassignment FONTEL FOUNDATION, A CORP. OF NJ ASSIGNMENT OF 1/2 OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST Assignors: HASHIMOTO CORPORATION
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/36—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01P3/40—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using stroboscopic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
    • H04N23/74—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing the scene brightness using illuminating means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of taking pictures of a quick-moving object by means of a shooting method of video type in order to get still-frames substantially stopping the object, in which method
  • the electric signals are recorded in the form of a variable magnetic field on a video tape, whereby the exposing time is shorter than the time used for reading and recording the image.
  • the image is analyzed so that the image coming on the image display of the video camera is converted into a digital form and recorded on a specific multi-track instrument tape recorder, after which the image in the digital form is at reproduction converted by approximating by means of a specific image processor into an image approximately corresponding to the original image.
  • a drawback of the apparatus is that the image is during the whole shooting time converted into data form, whereby e.g. a certain point on a paper web moving 1000 m/min is displaced 18 mm on the frame.
  • the method used in this apparatus cannot provide an accurate image of quick-moving objects, but it has to be produced by calculating and approximating by means of a micro processor, which does not correspond to the accuracy required by research.
  • the duration of recording tape in an apparatus functioning according to this method is only half a minute at the frame speed of 1000 pictures per second, whereby it is almost impossible to clear up and investigate some occasionally occurring disturbance by means of this apparatus.
  • the interval between two similar disturbances can be even days. With tape durations of less than one minute, it is practically impossible to take pictures of such a disturbance.
  • the apparatus functioning according to this method has a big size, it is difficult to transport and additionally, it is extremely expensive.
  • the apparatus needs besides the exposure also a separate mechanical shutter in order to get the produced image recorded on the video tape with at least satisfactory quality. Further, the apparatus has a big size and it is difficult to transport and also expensive.
  • the intention of this invention is to provide a method of taking pictures of quick movements by video method, by means of which accurate pictures can be taken even of quick movements and in which method the apparatus to be used is cheap and easy to transport even in difficult factory circumstances. According to the invention, this can be achieved by means of a method, characterized in
  • image display an image sensor of semiconductor type known per se and consisting of dot detectors situated like a matrix, and
  • said image sensor is activated by said light impulse, under the influence of which the dot detectors of the image sensor are brought into a detection state corresponding to the corresponding dots of the image produced on the screen of the image sensor, in which state they remain after the end of the light impulse, and
  • the method of the invention is based on the idea of using an image sensor of semiconductor type, the properties of which are utilized in a new manner.
  • the dot detectors of the sensor are used as storage means, which are brought by means of an extremely short light impulse coming from the objects and producing a sufficiently strong image into a detection state corresponding to the light intensity of the image on the screen of the image sensor at said dot detector and to the intensity of each particular colour component when taking colour pictures.
  • the image recorded in the dot detectors of the sensor can in conventional form and by using normal transmission speed be transmitted on a video tape recorder and recorded further on a video tape.
  • an advantage of the invention is that by using a light impulse of an extremely short duration, e.g.
  • a web running 1000 m/min moves along only approximately 0,1 mm, which is less than for instance the resolution between two adjacent dots in any video system. Moreover, when using this method, pictures can be taken even by means of a conventional video apparatus for domestic use, which is easy to take along and cheap to acquire.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an apparatus for the application of the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically the operation of a dot detector of an image sensor of semiconductor type when producing successive pictures.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically an application of the invention with a mechanical shutter.
  • the object of shooting is a quick-moving paper web 1, of which are taken pictures by means of a video camera 2.
  • a video tape recorder 4 on the video tape of which the image produced by means of the camera 2 is recorded.
  • a stroboscope 6 the flashing of which is synchronized by means of the camera.
  • a substantial factor of the invention is that producing an image and recording it are based on a synchronization of the operations of the apparatuses with each other, which takes place by means of a separate synchronizing impulse.
  • a synchronizing impulse is also used to trigger the stroboscope 6 at a desired moment in order to produce a suitable image.
  • the shooting takes place so that a synchronizing impulse triggers through the cable 5 the stroboscope 6, from which a short light impulse 7 of a length of preferably 1-10 microseconds flashes on the object of shooting, i.e. on the paper web.
  • the paper web 1 reflects a light impulse 8 of the same length, which is directed by means of a lens 9 of the video camera 2 on the screen of an image sensor of semiconductor type situated inside the camera and which produces according to the generally known principle of photographing an image corresponding to the object of shooting on the screen of the sensor.
  • the image sensor of semiconductor type preferably a so-called CCD-sensor, which is generally known per se, consists of dot detectors placed side by side and on each other like a matrix, whereby in each detector is formed due to the intensity of the light directed on the right place a detection state corresponding to the light intensity or when using a colour sensor, a detection state proportional to the intensity of each partial colour known per se, which state is then read and recorded electrically on a video tape by means of a video tape recorder.
  • the detection state can e.g. be an electric charge or conductivity of the dot in question or some other way known per se to express the intensity of the light obtained by some detector.
  • the detector adopts a state corresponding to the intensivity of the light impulse, after which each dot detector remains in this detection state after the end of the light impulse and then, the image of the object reflected on the screen of the image sensor during the light impulse remains in the storage of the image sensor so that it can be read and recorded by means of a tape recorder even during a long time.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically the operation of an individual dot detector when the intensity of the light impulses directed thereon is varying.
  • the dot detector adopts a state on a certain level according to a dotted broken line 10, where it remains after the end of the impulse 8 when the light intensity sinks below an electric noise level 11 of the dot detectors of the image sensor.
  • 20 milliseconds are used for reading and recording the image produced on the image sensor, which time is 20000 times the exposing time of the light impulse 8.
  • a new light impulse 8' comes, the length of which is identical with that of the preceding light impulse, but the intensity of which is different from that, being e.g. stronger in the way shown in FIG. 2.
  • the dot detector in question changes its detection state to be greater so as to correspond to the intensity of the light impulse 8' and again, when the light impulse 8' sinks below the electric noise level of the sensor it remains in the detection state adopted, until again, after the image produced has been read and recorded, a new light impulse changes the detection state of the dot detector in question.
  • the image recorded can be watched in a generally known manner either by coupling the video tape recorder 4 to a television set or by means of a cable 13 to a separate monitor 12 according to FIG. 1.
  • the invention is most preferably adaptable to a conventional video apparatus for domestic use, which is cheap, simple to use and easy to transport. Sharp images are then obtained each twentieth millisecond, which is a sufficient frame frequency in most cases.
  • the method is fully adaptable also to video filming at high frame frequencies, whereby more complicated and expensive apparatuses are needed.
  • a normal video apparatus for domestic use is based on generally used television technique, in which the frame of the display unit is divided into every second line to be shown simultaneously in order to make the difference in motion between the images smaller.
  • a solution can be used by means of the method of the invention, whereby the whole image field is shown simultaneously without dividing the lines into different images.
  • the line technique relating to producing pictures in video monitors and television sets is generally known per se and will therefore not be described more closely.
  • a stroboscope 6 is used, which is connected to a conventional video apparatus for domestic use and which transmits guided by a synchronizing impulse an exposing impulse of preferably 1-10 microseconds to the object, and a picture of the object is recorded on the image sensor by means of a reflection of the light impulse of the stroboscope.
  • the object is continuously exposed to strong light and the light reflecting from the object is cut by means of a mechanical shutter into a light impulse of preferably 1-10 microseconds, which light impulse produces an image on the image sensor of semiconductor type in the camera in the manner described above.
  • a camera manufactured especially for this purpose is needed, in which camera is installed a mechanical shutter, available in several commonly known solutions.
  • a camera like this is considerably more expensive than a simple camera and is thus suitable for special purposes only, when a construction like this for some reason is useful.
  • FIG. 3 shows the mechanical shutter embodiment wherein elements common to both FIGS. 1 and FIG. 3 are depicted by the same reference numerals.
  • a constant light source 106 provides a continuous beam of light on the object 1 to be viewed.
  • the light reflected from the object is cut by means of a mechanical shutter 110 rotating around its axis. Due to the rotating movement of the shutter 110, light from the reflected beam of light 108 is conducted only during a predetermined exposing time through a camera lens 9 into a camera 2.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
  • Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
US07/230,340 1987-08-14 1988-08-09 Method of taking pictures of a quick-moving object by means of video method Expired - Fee Related US4918522A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI873530A FI78206B (fi) 1987-08-14 1987-08-14 Ett foerfarande foer att inspela bilder av ett snabbt roerande objekt med video.
FI873530 1987-08-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4918522A true US4918522A (en) 1990-04-17

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US07/230,340 Expired - Fee Related US4918522A (en) 1987-08-14 1988-08-09 Method of taking pictures of a quick-moving object by means of video method

Country Status (12)

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US (1) US4918522A (da)
JP (1) JPH01140866A (da)
CN (1) CN1031635A (da)
CA (1) CA1305625C (da)
DE (1) DE3826229A1 (da)
DK (1) DK452388A (da)
FI (1) FI78206B (da)
FR (1) FR2619449A1 (da)
GB (1) GB2208773A (da)
NL (1) NL8802013A (da)
NO (1) NO883633L (da)
SE (1) SE8802865L (da)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5237181A (en) * 1990-12-08 1993-08-17 Felix Schoeller Jr Gmbh & Co. Kg Method of inspecting a web of translucent material, especially photographic paper
US5335012A (en) * 1991-09-16 1994-08-02 Peter Lisec Apparatus for inspecting the seal of insulating glass panes
US5776309A (en) * 1997-01-21 1998-07-07 Badger Paper Mills, Inc. Method and apparatus for measuring and controlling the speed of papermaking fabrics
US5847753A (en) * 1993-04-16 1998-12-08 Eastman Kodak Company Camera system for scanning a moving surface
US5899959A (en) * 1996-10-25 1999-05-04 International Paper Company Measurement of visual characteristics of paper
EP1085483A2 (de) * 1999-09-16 2001-03-21 ROBOT FOTO UND ELECTRONIC GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufnahme von bewegten Objekten mittels eines bildauflösenden Sensors
US6340412B1 (en) * 1998-04-27 2002-01-22 Fotocomp Oy Method for determining the detaching angle and/or the detaching profile of a paper web
WO2002075295A1 (en) * 2001-03-16 2002-09-26 Honeywell Oy An electronic imaging and quality control method for a fast moving web
US20020149693A1 (en) * 2001-01-31 2002-10-17 Eastman Kodak Company Method and adaptively deriving exposure time and frame rate from image motion
US20050122422A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2005-06-09 Kent Edward M. Video camera synchronized infrared strobe inspection system
US20050138513A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-06-23 International Business Machines Corporation Multiple on-chip test runs and repairs for memories

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3117056B2 (ja) * 1994-04-08 2000-12-11 株式会社日立製作所 撮像装置
US5146340A (en) * 1991-06-17 1992-09-08 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Image data reading and processing apparatus
CN100490508C (zh) * 2003-09-15 2009-05-20 北京大学 高速摄像方法及其系统

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3835247A (en) * 1971-05-11 1974-09-10 Image Analysing Computers Ltd Field illumination for image analysis
US4567506A (en) * 1983-04-28 1986-01-28 Nippon Univac Supply Kaisha, Ltd. Monitoring apparatus for color printing
US4737846A (en) * 1986-05-29 1988-04-12 Rengo Co., Ltd. Device for detecting defects in single faced corrugated fiberboards

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7102565A (da) * 1971-02-26 1972-08-29
US4599657A (en) * 1981-12-29 1986-07-08 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image pick-up device
JPS58117776A (ja) * 1981-12-30 1983-07-13 Sony Corp 固体撮像装置
JPS58169966A (ja) * 1982-03-31 1983-10-06 Toshiba Corp 固体撮像装置の駆動方式
JPS59278A (ja) * 1982-06-25 1984-01-05 Hitachi Ltd 電子スチルカメラ
JPS5978324A (ja) * 1982-10-27 1984-05-07 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 固体撮像素子を用いた電子カメラのストロボ発光制御装置
DE3401074A1 (de) * 1983-01-14 1984-07-19 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo K.K., Tokio/Tokyo Festkoerper-bildaufnahme-vorrichtung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3835247A (en) * 1971-05-11 1974-09-10 Image Analysing Computers Ltd Field illumination for image analysis
US4567506A (en) * 1983-04-28 1986-01-28 Nippon Univac Supply Kaisha, Ltd. Monitoring apparatus for color printing
US4737846A (en) * 1986-05-29 1988-04-12 Rengo Co., Ltd. Device for detecting defects in single faced corrugated fiberboards

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Image Technology, Feb. 1989, "Worldwide National Television and Electricity Supply Standards", pp. 74-75.
Image Technology, Feb. 1989, Worldwide National Television and Electricity Supply Standards , pp. 74 75. *
Stroboscopes, General Radio, Mar. 1973, pp. 1 8. *
Stroboscopes, General Radio, Mar. 1973, pp. 1-8.

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5237181A (en) * 1990-12-08 1993-08-17 Felix Schoeller Jr Gmbh & Co. Kg Method of inspecting a web of translucent material, especially photographic paper
US5335012A (en) * 1991-09-16 1994-08-02 Peter Lisec Apparatus for inspecting the seal of insulating glass panes
US5847753A (en) * 1993-04-16 1998-12-08 Eastman Kodak Company Camera system for scanning a moving surface
US5899959A (en) * 1996-10-25 1999-05-04 International Paper Company Measurement of visual characteristics of paper
US5776309A (en) * 1997-01-21 1998-07-07 Badger Paper Mills, Inc. Method and apparatus for measuring and controlling the speed of papermaking fabrics
US6340412B1 (en) * 1998-04-27 2002-01-22 Fotocomp Oy Method for determining the detaching angle and/or the detaching profile of a paper web
EP1085483A2 (de) * 1999-09-16 2001-03-21 ROBOT FOTO UND ELECTRONIC GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufnahme von bewegten Objekten mittels eines bildauflösenden Sensors
EP1085483A3 (de) * 1999-09-16 2002-10-09 ROBOT FOTO UND ELECTRONIC GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufnahme von bewegten Objekten mittels eines bildauflösenden Sensors
US20020149693A1 (en) * 2001-01-31 2002-10-17 Eastman Kodak Company Method and adaptively deriving exposure time and frame rate from image motion
US6891570B2 (en) 2001-01-31 2005-05-10 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises Inc. Method and adaptively deriving exposure time and frame rate from image motion
WO2002075295A1 (en) * 2001-03-16 2002-09-26 Honeywell Oy An electronic imaging and quality control method for a fast moving web
US20040107061A1 (en) * 2001-03-16 2004-06-03 Hannu Ruuska Electronic imaging and quality control method for a fast moving web
US20050138513A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-06-23 International Business Machines Corporation Multiple on-chip test runs and repairs for memories
US20050122422A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2005-06-09 Kent Edward M. Video camera synchronized infrared strobe inspection system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3826229A1 (de) 1989-02-23
FR2619449A1 (fr) 1989-02-17
JPH01140866A (ja) 1989-06-02
CN1031635A (zh) 1989-03-08
DK452388D0 (da) 1988-08-12
FI873530A0 (fi) 1987-08-14
NL8802013A (nl) 1989-03-01
NO883633D0 (no) 1988-08-15
GB2208773A (en) 1989-04-12
GB8819198D0 (en) 1988-09-14
SE8802865D0 (sv) 1988-08-11
FI78206B (fi) 1989-02-28
NO883633L (no) 1989-02-15
DK452388A (da) 1989-02-15
SE8802865L (sv) 1989-02-15
CA1305625C (en) 1992-07-28

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Owner name: TAMFELT OY AB, YRITTAJANKATU 21, SF-33100 TAMPERE,

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:PAJUNEN, RAUNO;REEL/FRAME:004955/0947

Effective date: 19880923

Owner name: FONTEL FOUNDATION, A CORP. OF NJ

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF 1/2 OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HASHIMOTO CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004955/0977

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Effective date: 19940628

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