US4880972A - Fiber-optic measuring apparatus using luminescent material - Google Patents

Fiber-optic measuring apparatus using luminescent material Download PDF

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Publication number
US4880972A
US4880972A US06/708,095 US70809585A US4880972A US 4880972 A US4880972 A US 4880972A US 70809585 A US70809585 A US 70809585A US 4880972 A US4880972 A US 4880972A
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fiber
light
measuring apparatus
signal
signals
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US06/708,095
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English (en)
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Torgny Brogardh
Christer Ovren
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ABB Norden Holding AB
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ASEA AB
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/58—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using luminescence generated by light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/268—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fiber-optic measuring apparatus for measuring physical quantities, such as position, speed, acceleration, force, pressure, elongation, temperature, and more particularly to such apparatus wherein at least one optical fiber conducts light between an electronic unit E and a transducer G.
  • the present invention represents an improvement of the device according to the above-mentioned application, the invention being characterized in that the transducer comprises a member having at least one luminescent material, and that the position of the member with respect to the fiber end is influenced by the quantity being measured, the optical output signal from the transducer thus being dependent on the quantity being measured.
  • the transducer comprises a member having at least one luminescent material
  • the position of the member with respect to the fiber end is influenced by the quantity being measured, the optical output signal from the transducer thus being dependent on the quantity being measured.
  • photo-luminescence effects are utilized to measure the position of one or more bodies relative to the end surface of a fiber, and in this way an accurate measuring apparatus is obtained which is relatively insensitive to disturbances and which has great flexibility as regards application to different types of physical quantities (position, speed, acceleration, force, pressure, elongation, temperature, etc.).
  • the measurement may be carried out independently of damping in the fiber system induced by bending of the fiber.
  • the systems can thus be designed without high demands on the optical and thermal stability of the light source, and in spite of this a good accuracy of measurement is obtained.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment representing the principle of the measuring apparatus according to the invention
  • FIGS. 2a-2f show different types of detector systems used in the invention
  • FIG. 3a shows a modification using a semiconductor and FIG. 3b illustrates the associated spectra
  • FIG. 4 shows a device with a movable sensor
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b show respective devices with a sensor which is divided in the lateral direction
  • FIG. 6 shows a modified transducer with a filter
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show two different modifications of the transducer
  • FIGS. 9a and 9b show respective transducers with two different radiation signals and the associated output characteristics
  • FIGS. 10a and 10b show a transducer displaceable along two degrees of freedom
  • FIGS. 10c and 10d show respective different output characteristics of the transducer of FIGS. 10a and 10b;
  • FIG. 11 shows a transducer with a vibrating fiber end.
  • G is the transducer
  • E is the electronic unit.
  • Light from light-emitting structure 1 is passed through a fiber system, namely, photo-optical fiber 4 via fiber branch 5 and through fiber 6 to transducer G.
  • Transducer G comprises sensor 2, provided with at least one luminescent material which either constitutes the sensor proper or a layer on the sensor. The number of luminescent materials may also be more than one.
  • Sensor 2 is a member that is caused to moved relative to the end of fiber 6 in accordance with the variation in the physical characteristic being measured such as the aforementioned position, speed, acceleration, force, pressure, elongation, temperature, etc.
  • a light signal is generated by photo-luminescence, which light signal is returned through the fiber system via fiber 6, fiber branch 5 and fiber 7 to branch 8, and from there to two photodiodes 9, 10 within electronic unit E.
  • the detector system 3 within electronic unit E is combined with a signal processing system, which, for example, may be a quotient forming member 11 according to FIG. 1.
  • Light-emitting structure 1 may be of any arbitrary kind, for example a tungsten or halogen lamp, a gas laser, a light-emitting diode (LED), a semiconductor laser, or a Schottky diode.
  • the spectral distribution of the light source should be adapted to the excitation spectra for the luminescent materials which are included in sensor 2.
  • the optical detector system is made so that the signal from at least two different wavelength intervals may be separated and supplied to signal processing system 3.
  • the detector system may consist of two photodiodes 9, 10 having non-identical spectral response curves.
  • the photodiodes may be associated with filters 12, 13 having mutually different spectra.
  • FIG. 2a shows a system in which the signal is supplied to two photodetectors 14, 15 from fiber end 6.
  • One detector 15 is provided with a filter 16, which inhibits signals of a certain type, whereas the signals to detector 14 are not inhibited.
  • FIG. 2b shows a similar system, supplemented with a lens 17 by means of which photodiodes 14, 15 are focused at the end surface 18 of fiber 6.
  • FIGS. 2c, 2d and 2e show different types of so-called beam splitter systems.
  • FIG. 2c shows a partially transparent mirror 19 where signals from fiber 6 are partly reflected against photodiode 20, and partly transmitted via filter 21 to photodiode 22.
  • F . 2a and 2b two different signals are obtained, which signals may be processed, for example in a quotient forming member (see at 11 in FIG. 1).
  • FIG. 2d shows grating 23, which in different ways reflects signals coming from fiber end 6 against photodiodes 24 and 25, respectively. Further possibilities are using prisms or fiber branches (see FIG. 2e) for division of the optical signal in fiber 6, for example via branch 27 and the two fiber ends 28 and 29, respectively, whereby in the same way the signal in fiber 6 is divided into two different partial signals.
  • One of the photodiodes is provided with filter 30.
  • the optical signal may also be divided by arranging an additional optical filter in the ray path before the detector system, the additional filter being transparent to the light emitted by luminescence but inhibiting to the excitation light. This is true of all the filters described above.
  • FIG. 2f shows an integrated demultiplexed structure having pn junctions of conventional type which may be used instead of the two photodiodes 14 and 15 in FIG. 2a, or in similar connections.
  • the structure is illuminated by light emitted from the transducer and is located within electronic unit E.
  • the electric signals may be obtained between the terminals V 1 and V 2 respectively isolated from ground by resistors R 1 and R 2 .
  • the materials included in the different layers are clear from the Figure and may consist of InP and In x2 Ga 1-x2 As y2 P 1-y2 , respectively.
  • the middle layer includes InP, the next layer In x1 Ga 1-x1 As y1 and P 1-y1 , and the outer layer InP.
  • the two quaternary layers are given different band gaps by the choice of x 1 , y 1 and x 2 , y 2 , respectively.
  • the photo-luminescence of, for example, a semiconductor material is utilized in sensor 2.
  • sensor 2 FIG. 1
  • the end surface of fiber 6 is coated with material 31 which, when illuminated, emits light with the spectrum I 1 (h ⁇ ).
  • the excitation spectrum for this material is E 1 (h ⁇ ).
  • the light signal L (h ⁇ ) emitted from the light source thus passes partly through material 31 and may also excite an outer material 32, which is movably arranged (see arrow x) with respect to the end surface of the fiber.
  • This latter material 32 emits light with the spectrum I 2 (h ⁇ ) by photo-luminescence, which light will be coupled into fiber 6 by varying degrees in dependence on the position of the material or body 32 with respect to fiber 6, 31.
  • the output signal U from the detector system may be expressed as ##EQU1## where ⁇ (h ⁇ ) is the transmission curve for a filter arranged in front of a detector, see for example 16 in FIG. 2a or 30 in FIG. 2e.
  • the photo-detectors are assumed in this case to have a "gray" response.
  • the output signal from the system is thus dependent on the position x for material 32 (FIG. 3a).
  • the measurement system may be made insensitive to dampings of the optical signal in the system, caused for example by fiber bending, drift of the light source, and so on.
  • the spectra of the different signals are clear from FIG. 3b in which the intensity and the absorption curves are shown on the y-axis and the photon-energy on the x-axis.
  • FIG. 3b thus shows the spectral distribution of the output signals as well as the blocking conditions, and the relation between the two signals I 2 (h ⁇ ) and I 1 (h ⁇ ) thus provides a measure of the position (x) of body 32.
  • FIGS. 3a, 4, 5a, 5b, 6 to 9a, 10a and 11 illustrate a number of different sensor configurations, which enable measurement of position in one, two or three dimensions.
  • a possible embodiment of a limit position transducer is also discussed.
  • a great variety of combinations of materials are possible as sensor materials.
  • the GaAs x P 1-x system offers a possibility of varying the band gap and thus the excitation spectrum by varying x. By doping with N, Zn, and 0, two different luminescence spectra may be achieved.
  • Advantageous examples of semiconductor materials for the sensor are GaP, suitably doped with Zn and 0 or Cd and 0 as well as ZnSe, suitably doped with Cu or Mn.
  • the semiconductor material may also consist of AlP, AlAs, GaAs, InP, InAs, In 1-x Al x P, In 1-x Ga x P, Ga 1-x Al x P, In 1-x Al x As, In 1-x Ga x As, Ga 1-x Al x As, InAs 1-y P y , GaAs 1- y P y , with respectively x and y between 0 and 1, or ZnTe, ZnS, ZnO, CdTe, CdSe or CdS.
  • the different configurations in the aforementioned Figures may be modified in several different ways; for example, in FIG. 3a a mirror may be arranged in the ray path after material 32 or replace this material, and in principle the same effect of the sensor is obtained.
  • Z corresponds to arrow Z for transferring material 33 in the direction of arrow Z.
  • Output signal U is given according to equation (1) by the relationship between signals I 1 (h ⁇ ) and I 2 (h ⁇ ), that is, signals emitted from material 33 and 31, respectively, in fiber end 6. Excitation light is passed into fiber 6, and the above-mentioned signals are excited by photoluminescence upon irradiation with light from fiber 6, that is, in the same way as in connection with FIGS. 1 and 3a.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b are modified embodiments of the arrangements according to FIGS. 3a and 4, in which a two part sensor or a material 34 is arranged. From the upper part of the sensor, signal I (h ⁇ ) is emitted by photoluminescence into fiber 6, and from the lower part of sensor 34 signal I 1 (h ⁇ ) is emitted. Sensor 34 is displaced in the direction of arrow x, and the output signal, i.e., the ratio between the two emitted signals, is a measure of the position x. In FIG. 5b, material 34 is supplemented with lens 35 for focusing the excitation light on the material.
  • Excitation light coming through fiber 6 passes through lens 35 and falls into sensor 34, and by photo-luminescence the two signals I 2 (h ⁇ ) and I 1 (h ⁇ ) are emitted, which signals are transmitted into the fiber and subsequently divided in the electronic unit.
  • movable member 38 is inserted between sensor 36 and the fiber end with photo-luminescent material 37.
  • Material 38 is movable in the x-y directions and influences the intensity of I 2 , i.e., the light emitted by photo-luminescence from material 36, but not influencing the light I 1 emitted by photo-luminescence from fiber end 37.
  • Member 38 may be a gray filter having variable transmission over the surface and being movable in the x-y directions.
  • FIG. 7 shows two mutually movable bodies with photo-luminescent materials or layers of materials 39 and 40, respectively.
  • Body 39 is movable according to arrow x, i.e., perpendicular to the plane of the paper.
  • Body 40 is movable in the z-direction.
  • light signal I 1 (h ⁇ ) is excited from end layer 31
  • signal I 2 (h ⁇ ) is excited from movable body 39
  • signal I 3 (h ⁇ ) is excited from movable body 40.
  • the following two signals may be obtained by photo-luminescence, namely, ##EQU2## where the signal U O is a signal dependent on the position x, i.e., a function of position x; and ##EQU3## where the signal U' is a function of position Z (see FIG. 7).
  • FIG. 8 shows how to obtain an amplification of the movement with the aid of screen pattern 41.
  • the pattern frequency corresponds to the distance between strips 42.
  • FIG. 9a shows a sensor in the form of plate 43 coated with a luminescent material.
  • the emitted intensity E is shown on the y-axis and the movement x is shown on the x-axis.
  • excitation light arrives at fiber 6 and impinges on body 43, two different signals then being obtained by photo-luminescence from plate 43, namely I 1 (h ⁇ ) and I 2 (h ⁇ ), both being a function of x.
  • the output signal is as follows: ##EQU4## From the differences in the two curves I 1 and I 2 it is apparent how an output signal may be obtained which is a function of the movement x (see FIG. 9a).
  • FIGS. 10a and 10b show sensor 44 displaceable in the x and y directions, and which is arranged upon excitation to emit light signals having three different spectra (I 1 , I 2 , I 3 ) into fiber end 6.
  • the emitted intensity E is shown in FIG. 10c as a function of a displacement in the x direction and FIG. 10d as a function of a displacement in the y direction.
  • the following two signals are obtained as functions of displacements in the x and y directions, respectively: ##EQU5##
  • FIG. 11 shows fiber end 45 which is capable of vibrating and which, in dependence on a quantity to be measured, is vibrated between positions A and B.
  • the vibration frequency may be associated with the speed of movement of the fiber end.
  • the fiber end may also be put into vibration in a magnetic field, thus obtaining a measure of the positions of the two sensors 46 and 47, respectively, at the respective end positions A and B. ##EQU6##

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
US06/708,095 1979-12-28 1985-03-04 Fiber-optic measuring apparatus using luminescent material Expired - Fee Related US4880972A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7910715 1979-12-28
SE7910715A SE418904B (sv) 1979-12-28 1979-12-28 Fiberoptiskt metdon for metning av fysikaliska storheter sasom lege, hastighet, acceleration, kraft, tryck, tojning och temperatur

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US06550731 Continuation 1983-11-14

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JP (1) JPS56101516A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3047343A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE418904B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (21)

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US4947038A (en) * 1988-08-24 1990-08-07 Daimler-Benz Ag Process and arrangement for optically measuring a physical quantity
US5004913A (en) * 1982-08-06 1991-04-02 Marcos Kleinerman Remote measurement of physical variables with fiber optic systems - methods, materials and devices
US5090818A (en) * 1982-08-06 1992-02-25 Kleinerman Marcos Y Fiber optic systems for sensing temperature and other physical variables
US5102625A (en) * 1990-02-16 1992-04-07 Boc Health Care, Inc. Apparatus for monitoring a chemical concentration
US5183338A (en) * 1991-04-10 1993-02-02 Luxtron Corporation Temperature measurement with combined photo-luminescent and black body sensing techniques
US5222810A (en) * 1982-08-06 1993-06-29 Kleinerman Marcos Y Fiber optic systems for sensing temperature and other physical variables
US5241184A (en) * 1991-09-26 1993-08-31 Electric Power Research Institute Apparatus and method for quantizing remaining lifetime of transmission cable insulation
US5459324A (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-10-17 Sextant Avionique Method and apparatus for the optical measurement of the pressure of a gaseous mixture
US5683179A (en) * 1995-12-15 1997-11-04 Northrop Grumman Corporation Apparatus and method for thermoluminescent quench detection for superconducting devices
US5826984A (en) * 1993-12-10 1998-10-27 Sextant Avionique Method and apparatus for the optical measurement of the temperature of a gaseous mixture
US5980105A (en) * 1994-03-30 1999-11-09 Societe Europeenne De Propulsion Device of optically measuring a cryogenic temperature
US6123455A (en) * 1997-05-02 2000-09-26 American Iron And Steel Institute Phosphor thermometry system
RU2193497C1 (ru) * 2001-09-20 2002-11-27 ГАВРИЛОВ Андрей Юрьевич Указатель
US6607300B1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2003-08-19 Marcos Y. Kleinerman Methods and devices for sensing temperature and oxygen pressure with a single optical probe
US20030231818A1 (en) * 2002-02-20 2003-12-18 Institut National D'optique Packaged optical sensors on the side of optical fibres
US20060188000A1 (en) * 2003-10-07 2006-08-24 Colin Bird Apparatus for measuring temperature using luminescence thermometry
GB2438872A (en) * 2006-06-09 2007-12-12 Univ Southampton Movement detector apparatus and detecting method
EP2437144A1 (en) * 2010-09-17 2012-04-04 Research In Motion Limited Touch-sensitive display with optical sensor and method
EP2439619A1 (en) * 2010-09-17 2012-04-11 Research In Motion Limited Touch-sensitive display with optical sensor and method
US9223431B2 (en) 2010-09-17 2015-12-29 Blackberry Limited Touch-sensitive display with depression detection and method
US9513737B2 (en) 2010-09-17 2016-12-06 Blackberry Limited Touch-sensitive display with optical sensor and method

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SE8006827L (sv) * 1980-09-30 1982-03-31 Asea Ab Fiberoptiskt metdon med kompensation for reflexioner i fiberoptiken och med mojlighet till samtidig metning av flera metstorheter
SE435966B (sv) * 1982-02-02 1984-10-29 Asea Ab Fiberoptiskt metdon
FR2521081B1 (fr) * 1982-02-09 1989-07-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Dispositif de commande de vehicule automobile utilisant des capteurs optiques
SE435760B (sv) * 1982-04-21 1984-10-15 Asea Ab Fiberoptisk legesgivare
SE430825B (sv) * 1982-05-27 1983-12-12 Asea Ab Fiberoptisk givare for metning av dynamiska rorelser
DE3219877A1 (de) * 1982-05-27 1983-12-01 kabelmetal electro GmbH, 3000 Hannover Schaltungsanordnung zur ueberwachung und anzeige der position eines geraets
SE434434B (sv) * 1982-11-22 1984-07-23 Asea Ab Fiberoptisk luminiscensgivare med interferens i tunna skiktstrukturer
DE3247659A1 (de) * 1982-12-23 1984-06-28 Wolfgang Dr. 7000 Stuttgart Ruhrmann Optischer sensor
DE3319526C2 (de) * 1983-05-28 1994-10-20 Max Planck Gesellschaft Anordnung mit einem physikalischen Sensor
JPS59229698A (ja) * 1983-06-10 1984-12-24 株式会社チノー 光学的測定装置
US4813759A (en) * 1983-08-25 1989-03-21 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Fiber optic high and low level alarms
DE3441498A1 (de) * 1984-11-09 1986-05-15 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren und anordnung zur erfassung der position von lichtstrahlen
GB8531149D0 (en) * 1985-12-18 1986-01-29 Smiths Industries Plc Optical transducers
DK155274C (da) * 1986-05-30 1989-07-31 Stormax Int As Apparat til kontrol af traeemne
US4764984A (en) * 1986-08-18 1988-08-16 Ibm Corporation Fluorescent sensors for infrared free-space links in data communication systems
GB8625471D0 (en) * 1986-10-24 1986-11-26 Bicc Plc Displacement detection
DE3820912A1 (de) * 1988-06-21 1989-12-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Fiberoptisches sensorsystem
DE3920155C2 (de) * 1989-06-20 1995-03-09 Siemens Ag Streckenneutrale optische Meßanordnung

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Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5004913A (en) * 1982-08-06 1991-04-02 Marcos Kleinerman Remote measurement of physical variables with fiber optic systems - methods, materials and devices
US5090818A (en) * 1982-08-06 1992-02-25 Kleinerman Marcos Y Fiber optic systems for sensing temperature and other physical variables
US5222810A (en) * 1982-08-06 1993-06-29 Kleinerman Marcos Y Fiber optic systems for sensing temperature and other physical variables
US5332316A (en) * 1982-08-06 1994-07-26 Kleinerman Marcos Y Fiber optic systems for sensing temperature and other physical variables
US4947038A (en) * 1988-08-24 1990-08-07 Daimler-Benz Ag Process and arrangement for optically measuring a physical quantity
US5102625A (en) * 1990-02-16 1992-04-07 Boc Health Care, Inc. Apparatus for monitoring a chemical concentration
US5183338A (en) * 1991-04-10 1993-02-02 Luxtron Corporation Temperature measurement with combined photo-luminescent and black body sensing techniques
US5241184A (en) * 1991-09-26 1993-08-31 Electric Power Research Institute Apparatus and method for quantizing remaining lifetime of transmission cable insulation
US5826984A (en) * 1993-12-10 1998-10-27 Sextant Avionique Method and apparatus for the optical measurement of the temperature of a gaseous mixture
US5459324A (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-10-17 Sextant Avionique Method and apparatus for the optical measurement of the pressure of a gaseous mixture
US6017148A (en) * 1994-03-30 2000-01-25 Societe National D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation Device for optically measuring a cryogenic temperature
US5980105A (en) * 1994-03-30 1999-11-09 Societe Europeenne De Propulsion Device of optically measuring a cryogenic temperature
US6086250A (en) * 1994-03-30 2000-07-11 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation Device for optically measuring a cryogenic temperature
US5683179A (en) * 1995-12-15 1997-11-04 Northrop Grumman Corporation Apparatus and method for thermoluminescent quench detection for superconducting devices
US6123455A (en) * 1997-05-02 2000-09-26 American Iron And Steel Institute Phosphor thermometry system
RU2193497C1 (ru) * 2001-09-20 2002-11-27 ГАВРИЛОВ Андрей Юрьевич Указатель
US20030231818A1 (en) * 2002-02-20 2003-12-18 Institut National D'optique Packaged optical sensors on the side of optical fibres
US7209605B2 (en) 2002-02-20 2007-04-24 Institut National D'optique Packaged optical sensors on the side of optical fibers
US6607300B1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2003-08-19 Marcos Y. Kleinerman Methods and devices for sensing temperature and oxygen pressure with a single optical probe
US20060188000A1 (en) * 2003-10-07 2006-08-24 Colin Bird Apparatus for measuring temperature using luminescence thermometry
US7507022B2 (en) * 2003-10-07 2009-03-24 Rolls-Royce Plc Apparatus for measuring temperature using luminescence thermometry
GB2438872A (en) * 2006-06-09 2007-12-12 Univ Southampton Movement detector apparatus and detecting method
EP2437144A1 (en) * 2010-09-17 2012-04-04 Research In Motion Limited Touch-sensitive display with optical sensor and method
EP2439619A1 (en) * 2010-09-17 2012-04-11 Research In Motion Limited Touch-sensitive display with optical sensor and method
US9223431B2 (en) 2010-09-17 2015-12-29 Blackberry Limited Touch-sensitive display with depression detection and method
US9513737B2 (en) 2010-09-17 2016-12-06 Blackberry Limited Touch-sensitive display with optical sensor and method

Also Published As

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JPH0122882B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1989-04-28
DE3047343C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1987-12-10
SE7910715L (sv) 1981-06-29
SE418904B (sv) 1981-06-29
JPS56101516A (en) 1981-08-14
DE3047343A1 (de) 1981-09-17

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