US473109A - Steam or hot-water generator - Google Patents

Description

(No Modl.) 4

D. A. DIGKINSON. STEAM 0R HOT WATER GENERATOR.

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UNTTEE STATES PATENT OEEicE.

DANIEL A. DICKINSON, OF ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA.

STEAM OR HOT-WATER GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 473,109, dated April 19, 1892.

Application filed September 18, 1891.

To all whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, DANIEL A. DICKINsoN, a citizen of the United States, Vresiding at St. Paul, in the county of Ramsey and State of Mlnnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam or Hot-Water Generators, ot' which the following is a specication.

This invention relates to steam or hot-water generators; and it consists in the construction, combination, and arrangement of parts, as hereinafter shown and described,and specically pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation. Fig. 2 is a plan view on the line 0c of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional detail illustrating the modifications necessary to adapt the generator to a hot-water system.

This invention is an improvement on my former patents on generators, No. 356,103, dated January 18, 1887; No. 390,461, dated October 2, 1888; No. 431,037, dated July 1, 1890; No. 449,150, dated March 31, 1891, and No. 454,459, dated June 22, 1891.

A represents the ash-pit casing, upon top of which the re-pot B rests, the latter formed with double Walls, so as to permit of a waterspace therein, as shown.

The body of the generator above the firepot is formed of a series of hollow horizontal sections of different diameters and arranged in alternating order, as shown. The lowermost section D is formed smaller than the next section D2 above it, and is connected at a number of points by joints E to corresponding joints E2, rising from the fire-pot B. The sectionjD is joined to the section D2 by joints E3 E4, while the next section above D2 is joined to the section D2 by joints E5 E6 in the same manner, and so on for as many sections as may be required. Generally three of the sections D D2 D2, besides the dome-section D4, will be all that will be required; but a greater or lesser number may be employed, as circumstances mayV require. The domesection D4 is connected to section D3 by joints E7 E8 in the same manner as the sections D' D2 D3 are connected to each other and to the fire-pot B. The upper sides or inclosing Walls of each of the several hollow sections D D2 D3 and of the tire-pot B are made to gradually turn upward, as shown at E2 E4 E6 Serial No. 406,053. (No model.)

E8, in either curved or inclined planes, and to develop into and form openings and conduits from the fire-pot and from each of such sections, respectively, to meet and connect with corresponding openings and parts E E3 E5 E7 in the under sides of the sections immediately above, the parts thus brought in contact being bolted together, as hereinafter stated.

In the structure represented in the drawings it is supposed that the tops of each of said sections and of the fire-pot are thus formed into three of these inclined elevations and connections, which are partially shown in the drawings; but more or less than three may be formed in each section or part, as the size and capacity of the boiler may render desirable. This upward inclination and elevation of the parts E2 E4 E6 E2 may include the Whole or greater part of the upper sides 1 or walls of the several sections and fire-pot B', so that the upward tendency of the steam and hot Water may not be opposed by any' considerable area of horizontal surfaces in the upper sides or parts of such sections or inclosures.

Each of the large sections D2 and also the domesection D4, will be provided with central openings D6 D7 through which the smoke, gases, and other products of the combustion pass to the smoke-flue.

The course of the products of the combustion is shown by the arrows in Fig. 1, being in a zigzag form upward from the tire-pot, striking the under side of and passing around the smaller section D,thenee inward against the under side of the next section D2, and thence inward and through the central opening D6 in the larger section D2, thence upward against the under side of the next section D3, and thence outward and around the next section D2, and so on out through the central opening D in the dome-section, thus passing over avery large Varea of the different sections in its passage from the tire-pot. to the exit-dues. The dome-section D4 and also the section D2 are each provided with downwardly-extending hollow projections D8 D9, the projection D9 resting above but not quite touching the ange e of the tire-pot B', while the projection D8 reaches nearly to but does not quite touch the upper surface of the IOO section D2, as shown, the two projections form-4 in g a water-jacket around the generator. At one side openings b 122 are left through the projections D D and covered by a door b3 to form inlets to the interior of the generator to admit brooms or brushes for removing ashes, soot, tisc.,t'rom the sections. The frame Zi of the doors will preferably be formed in one piece with the door b5, by which the fuel is supplied to the tire-pot to save expense and for the convenience of the operator.

Across each of the sections D D2 D3, opposite to and within the joints connecting them, are partitions F, with their ends F2 projecting outward toward and nearly to the outer inclosing wall of the water-chambers within the walls ot' the sections, so that contracted spaces only are left for the water to pass outside of the partitions. The adjacent. upper and lower edges of the partitions F ot' the different sections come flush with the outer edge of the joints by which they are united and are adapted to be turned off true with them, so that the partitions will be continuous throughout the whole generator, as shown in Fig. l..

The fire-pot is supplied with tubular projections 132, corresponding in location with the connections between the sections D D2 D3 and leading downward from the joints E E2, as shown, and with the return connections entering them at d. These projections B2 are supplied with eross-pai'titions F3, as shown, corresponding with the partitions F, so as to he continuous downward therefrom.

By means of each of the series or sets of partitions F F2 F3 two continuous compartments a a2 are formed through the several sections and joints from the fire-pot to the steam-dome or upper section. Each of the inner of these compartments a2 receives and carries upward steam or heated water from the fire-pot and from the several horizontal sections, while the return-water to supply the fire-pot and the several horizontal sections is carried back to them through the outer compartment a. In a steam-generator this return or supply current is always downward from the steam-dome through the coinpartments ct', each section drawing.r its proper su pply therefrom around the ends or wings F`2 oi' the partitions F and the fire-pot drawing its supply from the bottom, the current passing down outside and under the bottom of the partition F3.

Then used as a hot-water .heater the partitions F3 in the fire-pot may be dispensed with and the partitions F in section D turned inward, as at 7L', Fig. 3, so as to direct the upward flow of the water from the firepot into the outer compartments a. -When so used, (as a liet-water heateig) the current of the return-water supplying the several sections, entering the boiler at d', flows upward into the compartments a', which will be closed at the top of the upper section, as shown at 7LK2 in Fig. o.

The water then flows from the compartment a into the body of the several sections around the ends or wings F2 of the partitions F. and from thence it flows nup- Ward through the inner compartments er directly into the outflow-pipes. NVithin the waterjackets D8 D, opposite each of the joints between the sections, are formed inclined cross-partitions G, extending not quite to the bottom of the water-jacket to insure the eireulationof the wat-cr in the Water-j acket, as hereinafter explained. Projecting from the sections D D2 D3 Dl within the joints by which they are connected are lugs g', through each adjacent pair of which bolts g2 are passed, hy which means the several sections are united. IVhen being put together, the lowermost section D is set in place and the bolts g uniting the joints E E2 placed in position through the openings in the upper side of the section D', and then the next section placed in position and the next set of bolts inserted, and so on throughout all the sections. In the upper side of the deine-section D, opposite the joints E7 ES, are formed hand-holes Il', through which the upper set of the bolts (/2 may be inserted and screwed up. 'lliese hand-holes will then be either provided with covers or utilized, as shown in Fig. l, to form means for connecting the ovcrtlowpiping H2. The joints between the sections are formed as near the water-jackets DS D as convenient, and are flattened on their outer sides, as shown, so as to conform to the inner surface of the water-jacket sections and nearly meet the water-jackets at these points, so that these portions of the water-jackets are protected by the joints from the dii-ect influence of the tire, while at the same time the compartments a' in the sections D D2 D3 are likewise protected, so that the water therein is kept cooler than in the other portions of the sections. In this connection also the partitions Gr perform an important function, as being placed opposite the joints between the sections they confine the water in the cooler places opposite the joints of the sections, and thereby form conduits for the unobstructed How ot' the cooler watei' downward into the water-jackets, while the hotter water in the water-jacket sections on each side of the partitions (which parts are exposed to tliedirect influence of the fire) will flow upward, thus insuring a free and rapid circulation throughout the water-jacket sections.

As before mentioned, the joints or connections are so arranged as to protect the compartinen ts a from the direct influence of the heat, so that the water therein is kept from boiling and at a less temperature than in the other parts of the generator. Ilence the water will the more readily flow downward in the compartments a (when used as a steamgenerator) and replace the water rising through the compartments a2, and thus insure the requisite circulation of the water throughont all the sections.

The ash-pit A is provided with a door K',

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adapted to rest, when closed, upon an inclined seat K2, and connected by chain or wire K3 with an automatic damper-regulator K4 of the usual construction. A trip-pawl K8 is arranged to support the door K in its open position, as shown, for the convenience of the operator in removing ashes and cinders; but to insure the closing of this door if it is accidentally left open the trip-pawl is connected by a chain or wire K5, leading over pulleys KG, and thence down to the short arm of the weighted lever K7 of the regulator K4, as shown, so that any rise of the temperature which would elevate the diaphragm of the regulator and depress its short arm would draw the trip-pawl upward and release the door K and allow it to close and thus shut off the draft. By this simple means, if the door is carelessly left open, as soon as the temperature rises to an extentsufflcient to cause the Vregulator to act the trip-catch will be automatically released and the door closed, and thus avoid any abnormal increase of temperature which might result in an explosion.

The gradual inclining or curving upward of the upper surfaces or sides of the horizontal heating sections or parts, as well as .the upper part of the tire-pot, and the gradual upward development of the same into conduits or compartments for the upward flow of the steam or heated water facilitates and accelerates the'passage of the steam or heated water from the heating parts 4and its upward flow to the steam-dome or (in a hot-water generator) to the outiow-pipes, and thereby also diminishes the number and capacity of conduits necessary for the upward flow of the steam and -hot water and prevents the pocketing or detention of steam-bubbles and endangering the burning out or destruction of the parts.

The connecting together ofthe sections of the generator by means of the lugs inclosed within the water-chamber of the same and bolting them together within such sections is also an important feature of my invention, as it renders it more convenient to connect the parts and facilitates the union of such parts, as well as making the connection more secure. It also permits the use of short bolts for connecting the several parts and so avoiding the greater expansion and contraction which would result from the use of longer bolts or rods.

The bolts and connecting parts, as before stated, are also protected from the destructhe course of the circulation, so that the supply-currents will not oppose or conflict with the steam-bearing currents.

Drainage-tubes will be connected at suitable points into the lower edges of the jacketsections.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is l. In a steam or hot-water generator, a series of hollow sections, with alternately annular and solid surfaces around and through which the Iiame and other products ofthe combustion are adapted to pass, connections between said sections formed to incline upward from all points of the upper surfaces or sides of said sections, and cross-partitions F within said connection and extending into the interior of said sections by outwardly-projecting wings F2, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a steam or hot-water generator, one or more hollow sections alternating with one or more hollow sections of larger diameter and with central openings and having downward extensions forming a water-jacket encompassing said smaller sections, connections between said hollow sections in close proximity to said jacket-extensions, and partitions F within said connections, and with wings F2 extending into the interior of said sections, and with partitions G within said jacket-extensions, whereby a difference of temperature is secured within the generator to cause the requisite circulation of the water, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. I

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

DANIEL A. DICKINSON.

Witnesses:V

C. N. WooDwARD, l-I. S. WEBSTER.

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