US4728285A - Device for the combustion of fluid combustible materials - Google Patents

Device for the combustion of fluid combustible materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US4728285A
US4728285A US06/814,106 US81410685A US4728285A US 4728285 A US4728285 A US 4728285A US 81410685 A US81410685 A US 81410685A US 4728285 A US4728285 A US 4728285A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
annular
shaft
combustion
insert piece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US06/814,106
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English (en)
Inventor
Friedrich Kamelreiter
Josef Landauf
Adalbert Marko
Helmut Bormann
Jochen Bosse
Werner Kirschning
Dieter Lischitzki
Detlef Zwetz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DUMAG OFFENE HANDELSGESELLSCHAFT DR TECHN LUDWIG KALUZA AND Co
Kali Chemie AG
KARL CHEMIE*
Original Assignee
DUMAG OFFENE HANDELSGESELLSCHAFT DR TECHN LUDWIG KALUZA AND Co
KARL CHEMIE*
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Application filed by DUMAG OFFENE HANDELSGESELLSCHAFT DR TECHN LUDWIG KALUZA AND Co, KARL CHEMIE* filed Critical DUMAG OFFENE HANDELSGESELLSCHAFT DR TECHN LUDWIG KALUZA AND Co
Assigned to DUMAG OFFENE HANDELSGESELLSCHAFT DR. TECHN. LUDWIG KALUZA & CO., KALI-CHEMIE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment DUMAG OFFENE HANDELSGESELLSCHAFT DR. TECHN. LUDWIG KALUZA & CO. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BOSSE, JOCHEN, KIRSCHNING, WERNER, LISCHITZKI, DIETER, ZWETZ, DETLEF, BORMANN, HELMUT, KAMELREITER, FRIEDRICH, LANDAUF, JOSEF, MARKO, ADALBERT
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/34—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by ultrasonic means or other kinds of vibrations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a nozzle for use in the device, for the combustion of fluid combustible materials, especially particulate materials such as powdered or granular solid fuels suspended in a fluid, for example coal in dust or granular form suspended in water.
  • fluid combustible materials especially particulate materials such as powdered or granular solid fuels suspended in a fluid, for example coal in dust or granular form suspended in water.
  • 1 964 040 is intended for atomizing a fluid medium, in particular pulverized coal suspended in a fluid such as water, by means of a gas or a mixture of gses such as air, with two annular nozzles arranged coaxial to one another on the end face of an approximately hollow cylindrical housing, a likewise approximately hollow cylindrical insert piece, and, located in the interior of the nozzle housing, an axially aligned central shaft formed with an impingement plate on a free end which projects outside the nozzle housing.
  • the inner surface of the nozzle housing forms a first, outer flow channel of annular cross-section for a first fluid medium, and around the shaft is formed a second flow channel, located radially inwardly of the outer flow channel, and likewise of annular cross-section, for a second fluid medium.
  • This known nozzle does not operate satisfactorily, however, when the material to be atomized is ignitable only with difficulty as is the case, for example with pulverized coal suspended in water.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device for the combustion of fluid combustible materials, especially those which are difficult to ignite or difficult to burn, such as, for example, coal particles suspended in a medium such as water, by means of which the disadvantages inherent in the known devices may be overcome.
  • a device for the combustion of fluid materials in particular particulate solid fuels suspended in a fluid, such as coal particles suspended in water, with an ultrasonic atomization nozzle and a combustion chamber, in which the nozzle is located in a precombustion chamber which opens into the combustion chamber and there are means for directing a minor part of the combustion air into the precombustion chamber and means for directing a major part of the combustion air to the region of the mouth of the precombustion chamber opening into the combustion chamber.
  • the precombustion chamber is generally cylindrical and has a length which is between approximately one and a half and four times its diameter.
  • an annular duct from which cross ducts emanate which end in the region of the transition from the precombustion chamber into the combustion chamber, is provided in the wall or outside the wall of the precombustion chamber.
  • the fluid combustible material is sprayed through the nozzle into the precombustion chamber where a less than stoichiometric combustion takes place, by means of which the material is preliminarily heated, due to the fact that only a minor part of the air required for complete combustion of the material is introduced into the precombustion chamber.
  • the combustible material is mixed in the precombustion chamber not only with air but also with combustion gases flowing back from the combustion chamber, and with partially burned fuel particles so that a readily combustible oxidation product is formed which, after it has passed from the precombustion chamber into the combustion chamber, ensures that an optimum burning process takes place when the air required for complete combustion is introduced.
  • the different conditions required for different fuels can be obtained by controlling the combustion air fed to the precombustion chamber and/or to the combustion chamber and additionally by the selection of the size of the precombustion chamber.
  • a nozzle for atomising a fluid medium, in particular particulate coal suspended in a fluid such as water, by means of a gas or a gas mixture such as air having two annular nozzle orifices arranged coaxially at one end of an approximately cylindrical hollow nozzle housing within which is located an approximately cylindrical hollow insert piece, and, in the interior thereof, an axially aligned central shaft, formed with an impingement plate on its free end, the inner surface of the nozzle housing defining an outer first flow channel of annular cross-section for a first fluid medium and located inside the outer flow channel and surrounding the shaft, is an inner, second flow channel, also of annular cross-section, for a second fluid medium, in which the outer flow channel ends in an annular groove which is provided in the region of the free end of the insert piece and is open outwards at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle housing and which acts as a vibration generator and communicates directly with the first annular nozzle orifice, a second
  • the second insert piece is held between a first annular shoulder face, provided on the inner surface of the first insert piece, and a second annular shoulder face provided on the outer surface of the shaft.
  • the shaft can be provided in its end region facing away from the free end of the nozzle housing with a significantly enlarged cross-section and, in this end region, a central bore is provided from which emanates at least one obliquely outward-running channel which leads into the inner flow channel surrounding the shaft.
  • the second insert piece is formed with at least one group, or several groups located at axial mutual spacings, of channels which are directed transversely to the axis and start from the first annular space and end in the inner flow channel, surrounding the shaft, tangentially to its outer wall.
  • an axially adjustable sleeve with a cylindrical annular surface projecting beyond the surface of the nozzle orifices can be arranged in a manner known per se on the outer wall of the nozzle housing.
  • the impingement plate located on the free end of the shaft can be releasably fixed thereto.
  • FIG. 1 is an axial section of a device for the combustion of flowable materials
  • FIG. 2 is an axial section of a nozzle suitable for use in the device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section taken on the line 3--3 of FIG. 2 showing a component of the nozzle of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an axial section of an alternative nozzle, suitable for use in the device of FIG. 1.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 is a burner for the combustion of fluid materials, in particular pulverized or granular solid fuels suspended in a fluid medium such as water.
  • the device shown comprises a burner chamber 1 which encloses a combustion space 2 for the combustion of combustible materials introduced through a nozzle 20.
  • the burner nozzle 20 does not project into the combustion space 2, but, instead, there is provided an additional precombustion chamber 4 which encloses a precombustion space 5 and the burner nozzle 20 projects into the precombustion space 5.
  • a first air duct 7 directs a first part of the combustion air to the precombustion chamber 4 in the region of the orifice of the nozzle 20, and a second part of the combustion air is fed via a second air duct 8, an annular duct 10 and cross ducts 11 to nozzles 12, which are spaced around the mouth of the precombustion chamber 4 opening into the combustion chamber 1.
  • the two air ducts 7 and 8 are fed by a main air duct 6 and this, as well as the air ducts 7 and 8, is provided with butterfly valves 9 by which control of the air feed can be effected in accordance with requirements.
  • a fluid combustible material such as coal particles suspended in a fluid medium, for example, water, is introduced in a very finely atomized state through the burner nozzle 20 into the precombustion chamber 4.
  • a small part of the air required for combustion is also introduced into the precombustion space 5, through the first air duct 7 in the region of the orifice of the nozzle 20.
  • a preparation namely mixing, ignition and heating of the combustible materials takes place
  • a less than stoichiometric combustion of the introduced combustible materials occurs due to the fact that insufficient combustion air is available.
  • the ratio of the proportions of air fed to the precombustion chamber 5 and the combustion chamber 2 may lie between the range of 5% to the precombustion chamber 5 and 95% to the combustion chamber 2 and 40% to the precombustion chamber and 60% to the combustion chamber. Preferably, however, these proportions lie in the range of about 10% to 90% and 30% to 70% respectively.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a nozzle for use in the burner of FIG. 1 which comprises a hollow, cylindrical nozzle housing 21 formed by two housing parts 21a and 21b which are screwed together, the housing part 21a associated with the nozzle orifice being formed at its free end with an inwardly-directed flange 22.
  • a hollow, cylindrical insert piece 30 is inserted into the nozzle housing 21.
  • a second insert piece 36 which divides this annular space into two coaxial annular spaces 37 and 38.
  • the second insert piece 36 is held between a first shoulder on the inner wall of the first insert piece 30 and a second shoulder provided on a widened base 40a of the shaft 40.
  • the first insert piece 30 is formed, in the front region of the nozzle housing 21, with a groove 31 which is open towards the front, at an angle to the nozzle axis, and into which the annular flange 22 projects.
  • first flow channel 26 of annular cross-section, which is deflected inwards by the annular flange 22 and leads into the groove 31 located in the first insert piece 30.
  • first annular nozzle orifice 28 is formed between the inner wall of the first insert piece 30 and the outer wall of the second insert piece 36.
  • a first annular space 37 is formed which is connected via channels 39, provided in the second insert piece 36 and running transversely, to the second annular space 38 surrounding the shaft 40.
  • the second annular space 38 leads into a second annular nozzle orifice 29.
  • the radially outer first flow channel 26 is fed through a first annular channel 27.
  • the first annular spce 37 is fed through a second annular channel 45 located concentrically within the first annular channel 27, and the second annular spce 38 is fed through oblique passages 43 formed in the base 40a, of widened cross-section, of the shaft 40 from a central channel 44.
  • a sleeve 24 is fitted which is formed with a cylindrical edge 24a surrounding the plane of the concentric annular nozzle orifices 28 and 29.
  • the position of the sleeve 24 relative to the housing part 21a is adjustable by means of a spacer ring 25.
  • the impingement plate 41 carried on the free end of the shaft 40 is in fact formed as a component which is separate from the shaft 40 and which is fixed to the shaft 40, for example by means of a screwed sleeve or dome nut 42.
  • the transverse channels 39 formed in the second insert piece 36 lie in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the insert piece itself and lead into the second annular space 38 tangentially to the outer wall thereof.
  • the radially innermost central channel 44 is supplied with a first fluid material, for example a coal/water suspension, which passes through the bores 43 into the second annular space 38 surrounding the shaft 40.
  • the second annular channel 45 is supplied with a pressure medium, for example a compressed gas such as compressed air. This enters the first annular space 37 and passes through the transverse passages 39 into the second annular space 38 in which, due to the tangential arrangement of the passages 39 intensive turbulence and mixing of the fluid media present therein takes place.
  • this mixture Due to the pressure prevailing in the second annular space 38, this mixture is delivered axially forwards and passes through the radially innermost, second annular nozzle orifice 29 to strike the inside of the impingement plate 41, where it is delivered radially outwards while retaining its spinning movement.
  • a second pressure medium is delivered, which enters the groove 31 at the front end of the flow channel 26, whereby, because the groove 31 acts as a Hartmann vibration generator, a vibrational field is generated, by means of which the mixture emerging from the radially inner, second annular space 38 through the inner, second annular nozzle orifice 29 is very finely atomised and discharged in the form of a cone away from the nozzle.
  • the shape of the nozzle cone can be influenced by the axial position of the sleeve 24 and/or by the size of the cylindrical inner surface 24a of the sleeve 24.
  • the impingement plate 41 Since the impingement plate 41 is releasably fixed to the shaft 40, it can be made of a very hard and resistant material and can be replaced in the case of wear.
  • the shaft 40 also effects intense cooling of the impingement plate 41.
  • the impingement plate 41 is carried by the centrally arranged shaft 40, the inner, second annular nozzle orifice 29 is formed without the provision of webs for holding the impingement plate 41 so that the turbulent movement or spinning of the fluid medium emerging through the inner annular nozzle orifice 29 is not interrupted.
  • a nozzle 50 which is particularly suitable for use in the burner device described in relation to FIG. 1.
  • a tubular body 51 with a relatively large nozzle orifice 52 which is suitable for the outflow of a medium which is difficult to burn, for example a pasty medium, which may be supplied to the nozzle by means of a pump.
  • a channel 54 of annular cross-section the radially inner wall of which is constituted by the tubular body 51 and the radially outer wall of which is formed by an insert 53.
  • the channel 54 is intended for feeding a readily ignitable combustible fluid, for example a light oil, to an annular outlet orifice 55.
  • the burner nozzle 50 has an outer nozzle housing 56 within which the insert 53 is received and which defines, with the insert a further channel 57 of annular cross-section which is intended to receive a pressurized gas.
  • the channel 57 terminates in an inwardly curved section and an annular nozzle orifice 58, the outflow direction of which is radially inwards, substantially perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle 50 such that fluid flowing thereform is directed into an annular and circumferential groove 60 which corresponds to the groove 31 in the embodiment of FIG. 2, and which is formed in the insert 53 to act, as in the embodiment of FIG. 2, as a resonator of a Hartmann vibration generator.
  • a sonic vibration field in particular an ultrasonic vibration field, is generated in the region 61 located in front of the end wall of the burner nozzle 50.
  • This vibration field has the effect that media issuing from the nozzle orifices 52 and 55 into the vibration field are atomized into microscopically fine particles and are intimately mixed with one another.
  • the combustible parts of this mixture can burn upon ignition thereof even if relatively large quantities of a non-combustible medium are present in the mixture.
  • the readily combustible fuel supplied along the channel 54 can be reduced to a minimum. No modifications to the illustrated burner nozzle 50 are necessary if it is desired to use only one combustible material, which can of course be supplied either to the central nozzle 52 or the intermediate nozzle 55.
  • a burner such as that shown in FIG. 1 has been found to operate very well when fitted with a nozzle such as that described in relation to FIG. 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
US06/814,106 1985-01-25 1985-12-27 Device for the combustion of fluid combustible materials Expired - Fee Related US4728285A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT19885 1985-01-25
AT198/85 1985-01-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4728285A true US4728285A (en) 1988-03-01

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US06/814,106 Expired - Fee Related US4728285A (en) 1985-01-25 1985-12-27 Device for the combustion of fluid combustible materials

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4728285A (de)
EP (1) EP0189390B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS61173016A (de)
CN (1) CN1005359B (de)
AT (1) ATE67836T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1257145A (de)
CZ (1) CZ278957B6 (de)
DD (1) DD241639A5 (de)
DE (1) DE3681601D1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5257927A (en) * 1991-11-01 1993-11-02 Holman Boiler Works, Inc. Low NOx burner
WO1994021357A1 (en) * 1993-03-22 1994-09-29 Holman Boiler Works, Inc. LOW NOx BURNER
US5603906A (en) * 1991-11-01 1997-02-18 Holman Boiler Works, Inc. Low NOx burner
WO2011064219A1 (de) * 2009-11-24 2011-06-03 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von reststoffen
US20120145050A1 (en) * 2010-12-08 2012-06-14 Vladimir Vladimirovich Fisenko Apparatus for combustion products utilization and heat generation
CN109539244A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-03-29 西安交通大学 一种四墙切圆多层布置式煤粉预燃装置

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62206313A (ja) * 1986-03-05 1987-09-10 Hitachi Ltd 固体粒子を含む液体状燃料の燃焼装置
CN102032566B (zh) * 2009-09-27 2013-06-12 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 一种煤粉燃烧器和具有该煤粉燃烧器的锅炉
AT509017B1 (de) * 2009-11-02 2012-05-15 Ctp-Dumag Gmbh Brennerdüse
CN101846313A (zh) * 2010-06-13 2010-09-29 山西蓝天环保设备有限公司 用优质煤粉做辅助燃料的带有预燃室的煤粉工业锅炉
FR2989478B1 (fr) * 2012-04-13 2015-05-15 Veolia Proprete Dispositif de regulation du debit d'un fluide dans une canalisation d'un reseau de canalisations
CN103836618B (zh) * 2014-02-26 2016-03-09 上海发电设备成套设计研究院 一种浓淡相一次风速可调节直流煤粉燃烧器
CN104100375A (zh) * 2014-06-09 2014-10-15 戴跃东 热回收负压动力发动机
AT521116B1 (de) * 2018-04-10 2020-03-15 Cs Comb Solutions Gmbh Zerstäubungsdüse
CN108954318B (zh) * 2018-08-29 2023-08-25 国电环境保护研究院有限公司 气体燃料轴向分级预混燃烧特性的分析系统和分析方法
CN113048472A (zh) * 2021-04-13 2021-06-29 山西文龙中美环能科技股份有限公司 一种燃煤锅炉调峰的气油共用引燃煤粉稳燃器和稳燃方法

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US3174527A (en) * 1962-06-13 1965-03-23 Zink Co John Combination oil and/or gaseous fuel burner
US3748087A (en) * 1971-10-14 1973-07-24 Pyronics Inc Burner apparatus and method for flame propagation control
US3908904A (en) * 1972-10-14 1975-09-30 Davy Powergas Gmbh Ultrasonic atomizer for waste sulfuric acid and use thereof in acid cracking furnaces
US3936275A (en) * 1971-03-10 1976-02-03 Societe Anonyme: Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann Apparatus for the combustion of sulphur
JPS53141932A (en) * 1977-05-18 1978-12-11 Nippon Steel Corp Radial flame roof burner
US4351632A (en) * 1977-07-01 1982-09-28 Chugairo Kogyo Kaisha Ltd. Burner with suppressed NOx generation
US4544095A (en) * 1982-03-31 1985-10-01 Boliden Aktiebolag Method for atomization and device for carrying out the method
US4616784A (en) * 1984-11-20 1986-10-14 Parker Hannifin Corporation Slurry atomizer

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GB827627A (en) * 1956-02-25 1960-02-10 Heurtey & Cie Improvements in or relating to oxidation devices
GB917706A (en) * 1958-02-07 1963-02-06 Karoly Peredi Burner
RO54980A (de) * 1968-12-23 1973-04-12
DE2243813A1 (de) * 1972-09-07 1974-03-14 Robert Von Dipl Ing Linde Brenner zur erzeugung heisser flammen
ATA871674A (de) * 1974-10-30 1978-01-15 Dumag Ohg Einrichtung zum verbrennen von schwer brennbaren, fliessfahigen stoffen und stoffgemischen
JPS5344109U (de) * 1976-09-17 1978-04-15
JPS53141931A (en) * 1977-05-18 1978-12-11 Nippon Steel Corp Plural-rotation burner
JPS587884A (ja) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-17 Mitsubishi Electric Corp フリツプチツプ形半導体装置

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3174527A (en) * 1962-06-13 1965-03-23 Zink Co John Combination oil and/or gaseous fuel burner
US3936275A (en) * 1971-03-10 1976-02-03 Societe Anonyme: Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann Apparatus for the combustion of sulphur
US3748087A (en) * 1971-10-14 1973-07-24 Pyronics Inc Burner apparatus and method for flame propagation control
US3908904A (en) * 1972-10-14 1975-09-30 Davy Powergas Gmbh Ultrasonic atomizer for waste sulfuric acid and use thereof in acid cracking furnaces
JPS53141932A (en) * 1977-05-18 1978-12-11 Nippon Steel Corp Radial flame roof burner
US4351632A (en) * 1977-07-01 1982-09-28 Chugairo Kogyo Kaisha Ltd. Burner with suppressed NOx generation
US4544095A (en) * 1982-03-31 1985-10-01 Boliden Aktiebolag Method for atomization and device for carrying out the method
US4616784A (en) * 1984-11-20 1986-10-14 Parker Hannifin Corporation Slurry atomizer

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5257927A (en) * 1991-11-01 1993-11-02 Holman Boiler Works, Inc. Low NOx burner
US5603906A (en) * 1991-11-01 1997-02-18 Holman Boiler Works, Inc. Low NOx burner
WO1994021357A1 (en) * 1993-03-22 1994-09-29 Holman Boiler Works, Inc. LOW NOx BURNER
WO2011064219A1 (de) * 2009-11-24 2011-06-03 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von reststoffen
US20120145050A1 (en) * 2010-12-08 2012-06-14 Vladimir Vladimirovich Fisenko Apparatus for combustion products utilization and heat generation
US8551222B2 (en) * 2010-12-08 2013-10-08 Fisonic Holding Limited Apparatus for combustion products utilization and heat generation
CN109539244A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-03-29 西安交通大学 一种四墙切圆多层布置式煤粉预燃装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DD241639A5 (de) 1986-12-17
CN86100280A (zh) 1986-07-30
CZ278957B6 (en) 1994-10-19
EP0189390B1 (de) 1991-09-25
JPS61173016A (ja) 1986-08-04
CS29886A3 (en) 1992-11-18
JPH0463286B2 (de) 1992-10-09
DE3681601D1 (de) 1991-10-31
CA1257145A (en) 1989-07-11
ATE67836T1 (de) 1991-10-15
EP0189390A3 (en) 1988-06-08
CN1005359B (zh) 1989-10-04
EP0189390A2 (de) 1986-07-30

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