US470506A - reitee - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

' J. REITER.

` com-ovm No. 470,506. A `Patentd Mar. 8, 1892. 237%.

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J. REITER.

COKE OVEN Patented Mar. 8, 1892.

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J. REITER.

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Patented Mar. 8, 418921.

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UNTTED STATES Y PATENT OFFICE,

JOHANNES REITER, OF'AIX-LA-CI-IAPELLE, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO CONRAD IIEUCKEN, OF SAME PLACE.

COKE-OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 470,506,` dated March S, 1892.

Y Application ned April 25,1890.

To a/ZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHANNES. REITER, engineer, of AiX-la-Ohapelle, in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire, have invented a new and useful Coke-Oven, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to a coke-oven. The ordinary bee-hive ovens employed in the pro duction of coke-that is, ovens of circular form in cross-section and having a domed topproduce the best sort ot' coke, known' as patent coke,7 but have the drawback, as compared with other systems of ovens, that they only produce a small output in consequence of the considerable burning away of the coal. This waste results from the inlet of air consequent on these ovens not being hermetically closedgduring workin g. Such ovens are usual vin England, Pennsylvania, and partly, also, in the mining district of Westphalia. They are also known to some extent under the names of English and Scotch ovens. the process of driving off the gases proceeds from top to bottom within the oven in consequence of air supplied from the outside. Thus, for example, coals having about twenty per cent. of gas produce about sixty per cent. of coke. When such ovens are modified to admit of the recovery of the by-products (tar and ammonia) contained in the oven-gases and are altered so as to effect the hermetic closure necessary for the process of distillation, the gases generated in the ovens and freed in the condensation apparatus from the by-products are led under the floor of the oven for the purpose of heating it. By this modification it has been rendered possible to increase by sixteen to twenty per cent. the output of coke produced in such ovens, which are thus transformed, as it were, into retorts,while obtaining a product of the same quality and commercial value as the coke produced in ovens of the old form; but, since these beehive ovens as altered for distillation working are heated from the floor only, the time required for the coking process is considerably greater than in ovens of other systems that are heated both from the iioor and sides. The time required for coking in the aforesaid modified ovens is almost double that of the In theml Serial No. 349,428. (No model.)

last-mentioned ovens with the saine charge and the same dimensions.

N ow the present invention relates to the construction of an oven in which not only tine 5 5 patent coke can be produced, butin which also the time required for coking is brought down to the reduced amount required for ovens of the more modern systems. This said oven can also be employed for ordinary cok- 6o ing in lieu of the bee-hive ovens of the old form with small output. When it is so ein# ployed without any attempt being made to effect the recovery of by-products, the time required for coking is reduced by utilizing the raw and powerful gases generated Within the oven. These gases are made to heat the oven from the. sides simultaneously withthe 4 heating from the floor. Thusthere is effected p the driving off of the gases and also the com- 7o plete shutting oit' of air from the Vinterior of the oven, and in this manner the output is considerably increased.

An..oven of this kind is adapted to be employed not only in the production of coke from gassy fat coals, but also from a mixture of dust from dry coals or dust from flaming coals with coal-tar or gas-coals containing sufficient gas for coking. This oven is also adapted for producing coke from briquettes 8o or blocks made from a mixture of coke waste anddust from dry coals or dust from tiaming coals with a percentage of coal-tar of six to eight per cent. or fifty-eight per cent.

It the contentof gas of such a mixture be not sufficient alone to permanently maintain the heating of the sides and the floor of the oven,

the oven can be connected with any existing battery of ovens and can take from it the requisite additional quantity of gas necessary 9o for coking.

The drawing of the coke from an oven of this kind is effected by manual labor in a similar manner as in the ordinary bee-hive oven or in bee-hive ovens that have been transformed for the purpose of recovery of by-products, since a drawing-machine is not effective in consequence of the round form of the said ovens. Now, since a drawing operation requires much time, the glowing coke roo must be cooled by quenching within the oven in order to prevent loss by the burning of the coke in consequence of the continued influx of airwhcn the oven-door is opened.

Forr two reasons the circular bee-hive form has been departed from in favor of an elliptical cross-section in which the major axis exceeds the minor axis in length by about ene-fourth, as best illustrated in Fig. 1 of the fronting the major axis at the point where,

the side flues are situated which are farthest apart and between which there is sufiicien-t space for accommodating the door.

vFor the construction of the oven it is more convenient to follow not the strict elliptical form but an approximation constructed geometrically by means of circular arcs.

The invention is illustrated Aby the drawings.

Figure 1 is a horizontal section on line x as of Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the dome,

showing the division-wallsand central flue in section. Fig. 3 is a section on line A B of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a side elevation. Fig. 5 isa section on line C D, Fig. 1. vation with a portion of the outer wall removed. Fig. 7 is a view in section of the exitues.

As shown in Fig. 1, the space below the floor of the oven is divided by a partition no, following the direction of the majo-r axis, into two equal parts with no direct communication. Each of these partsh as floor-flues r or r., each connecting with one of the side iiues .a Z) or A B, &c. There are .thus below the oven-floor fourteen iiues of equal width and height, which are in communication with lateral iiues a b A B, 'leading upward along the sidewalls of the oven, these being of unequal width, the width increasing with their respective distance from the major axis. In theintermediate space between the two side flues that are farthest from the major axis thereis at the front of the oven space for an ovendoor opening S. This space does not interrupt `the communication of the two side flues a A, situated next to this opening, with the floor-due r.

As shown in Figs. 3 and 5., an outer 'inclosing wall is provided above the oven-dome, forming an arched space between it and the said wall, and this space is divided into three chambers by division-walls t, 0c", and a, the side flues opening into these chambers. This arched space is for the reception of the gases generated within the oven. These gases enter it at one part through an opening y, Fig. 2, provided in the oven-dome, and pass down the side iues a to g into the floor-dues r' r. They then Fig. 6 is an elerise through other side ilues A to G into one part of the space or chamber T, passing from thence, as shown by the arrows, down iiues o to p, through the floor-fines r r, up through the side liues Il to R into another part of the chamber T, and from thence to the exit-dues M N, which connect with the ilues u u, leading to the chimney. It will be understood that the division-walls t, and c cause an interruption of the direct circulation and makeit circuitous, as described.

The gases passing from the inside of the oven into the gas-flue are arrested in their course bythe second partition a. They accumulate Vand are compressed and are obliged to ilow through the side fluesa tog, inclusive. Theythen pass through the iioor-flues fr from a to g, and rising up through the side tl-ues A lGr, they reach the opposite side of `the fiue and are there by accumulation and compression by means of the third partitionz again obliged` to continue their course downward through the side ues h o and through the iioorflues r of 7L o. Then again rising up through the side iiues IAI T K L O P R they `again reach the opposite side of the flue, where in their further course they are again .caused to accumulate and be compressed by the third partition t, and are thereby yobliged to escape down through the side flues M and N into the collecting-flue u on their passage to the chimney.

All the floor-partiti ons,with the exception of the central partition .are formed in the half of their length through which the floor-.gases first pass with one or more openings a or interruptions. These openings are designed to produce a uniform distribution .of the gases inthe several floor-fluesand thus torcompensate for the non-uniform width of the side lines and consequent non-.uniform density of the gases passing through the side flues.

In the niche or recess Y, situated above the vault W kof the door, there are provided on each side two openings 1 2 3 4:, capable ofbeing closed, of which the opening 1 is designed to allow of ,observation of the gases passing down or up in the side flues (on the left No. 1 for the descending gases, on the right No. 4 for the ascending gases) and the other opening 2 or 3 for the observation of the gases circulating in the chamber. Observation-ports may be provided for the other portions of the space T.

What I claim, and desire-to secure 'by Leti ters Patent of the United States, is-

1. A coke-oven having a central chamber, a series of parallel iiues beneath the iloor thereof, arranged in two sets, a series of walliiues connecting with the parallel fines and opening into the space above the dome, division-Walls in said space, and a door opening to said central chamber .above the line of the floor-dues.

2. A coke-oven having a central chamber', a seriesef parallelflues beneath the floor, arranged in two sets, openings in the walls of each set, an imperforate division between the compartments above the dome, and exit-opensets, Wall-lines, a space above the dome in ings leading to the chimney from another communication with the Wall-fines, and diviscompartment 'above the dome, substantially ion-Walls in said space, Vsubstantially as deas described. I5 5 scribed. In witness whereof Ihave hereunto set my 3. Acoke-oven consisting of an outer incioshand in presence of two Witnesses. ing shell or wail, a dome-shaped oven Within the same, a series of iues along its sides, ioor- JOHANNES. REITER. fines communicating therewith, a space above Witnesses: 1o the dome, division-Walls in said space, an JOHN HECKMANNS,

opening from the oven proper to one of the ARNOLD KOLP.

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