US4679909A - Liquid crystal input/output matrix panel - Google Patents

Liquid crystal input/output matrix panel Download PDF

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Publication number
US4679909A
US4679909A US06/744,961 US74496185A US4679909A US 4679909 A US4679909 A US 4679909A US 74496185 A US74496185 A US 74496185A US 4679909 A US4679909 A US 4679909A
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United States
Prior art keywords
light
line
output system
common
information input
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US06/744,961
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English (en)
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Hiroshi Hamada
Fumiaki Funada
Masataka Matsuura
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Sharp Corp
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Sharp Corp
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Assigned to SHARP KABUSHIKI KAISHA reassignment SHARP KABUSHIKI KAISHA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FUNADA, FUMIAKI, HAMADA, HIROSHI, MATSUURA, MASATAKA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0412—Digitisers structurally integrated in a display
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/042—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by opto-electronic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals

Definitions

  • This invention comprises an information input/output system, driven by a printed circuit board on which numerous switching elements are integrated to individually correspond to associated picture elements arranged in a matrix (so-called “active matrix drive”); more specifically, a liquid crystal input/output system which allows information input via a light pen.
  • active matrix drive a liquid crystal input/output system which allows information input via a light pen.
  • the light pen has been put into practical application as a bilateral means of transmiting information; it consists of a photo-electric translation element called a "light pen” and a CRT (Braun tube).
  • the invention has overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks by incorporating photo-electric translation cells in the LCD in combination with a light-emitting light pen.
  • the invention's chief objective is to provide a new type of input/output system which is slim, lightweight, easy-to-carry and which has low power consumption.
  • LCD panels for different operation modes are available; twisted nematic (TN), guest-host (GH), dynamic scattering mode (DSM) and phase transition mode.
  • TN twisted nematic
  • GH guest-host
  • DSM dynamic scattering mode
  • phase transition mode phase transition mode
  • the system on the present invention is adaptable to any of these, but best results are achieved with the TN and GH modes.
  • black pigments allow the LCD to function as a so-called "black shutter".
  • a pair of substrates, each with a set of electrodes arranged in rows on the surface, are matched and glued so that the rows will perpendicularly intersect each other, forming a panel.
  • LCD panels built in this fashion are normally powered by the voltage equalizing method.
  • Line selection signals are fed in succession to the electrodes arranged horizontally (rows), while image signals are simultaneously fed to the electrodes arranged vertically (columns).
  • Each point where rows and columns cross functions as a picture element, the liquid cyrstal sandwiched between the electrodes responding to the potential difference created between them.
  • This method suppresses crosstalk by improving threshold characteristics through the addition of non-linear elements such as varistar, MIM (Metal/Insulator/Metal) or back-to-back diode, to each picture element.
  • non-linear elements such as varistar, MIM (Metal/Insulator/Metal) or back-to-back diode
  • This method independently powers each picture element by adding a switching transistor.
  • voltage is applied during selection, causing the electrical charge to be stored and held in the capacitor even during the non-selection period.
  • voltages with waveshapes nearly equal to those in the static drive method are applied to the liquid crystal.
  • the liquid crystal itself is a capacitive load in this case. If its time constant is sufficiently large compared with the repetitive driving cycle, said storage capacitor may be omitted.
  • the switching transistor a thin film transistor or MOS-FET (field effect transistor) formed on a silicon wafer can be used.
  • This invention enables the formation of the photoelectric translation cell and the switching element in one process (each will be described in detail later). Though most effective when applied to method (3) above, it can easily be adpated to other methods as well. It can also be adapted to practically every display pattern, including character display, graphic and image displays.
  • the tri-color additive mixture method is normally used for color production.
  • interference filters or filters of inorganic or organic dyes and pigments are used for color developing. These may be provided on either the outside or on the inside of the LCD panel substrates. In the latter case, they may be provided either on or under the picture element electrodes or common electrode.
  • a matrix of photo-diode or similar photo-electric translation cells is formed on a color LCD panel with the above mentioned characteristics, so that each cell is matched with a picture element.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the TFT photo diode substrate, the embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are cross-sectional views of the TFT photo diode substrate in FIG. 1, in directions II--II and III--III, respectively.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the drive circuit for the TFT.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the light pen position detection circuit.
  • TFT Thin Film Transistor
  • photo diodes two-terminal photo-electric translation cells
  • Photo diodes need not have junctions or show rectification characteristics.
  • TFTs powering the liquid crystal and photo diodes for light detection are formed simultaneously on a substrate in the same process.
  • Each photo diode has a construction identical to that of the TFT, less gate electrode and light shield, resulting in a photoconductive cell of electrode/semiconductor film/electrode construction.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the said TFT and photo diode
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views along II--II and III--III, respectively.
  • the TFT is constructed by successively laminating patterned layers of gate electrode (11), gate insulation film (12), semiconductor film (13) source electrode (14) and drain electrode (15) on a transparent substration (10) of insulator-like soda glass, hard glass, quartz glass, plastic or ceramic.
  • Each TFT has a corresponding picture element (16) arranged in the matrix, a drain electrode (15), a picture element electrode (16) and a storage capacitor, provided as necessary.
  • Gate electrodes (11) corresponding to TFT rows are connected by a common gate line (11)', while source electrodes (14) corresponding to TFT columns are connected by a common data write line (14)'.
  • Each gate line (11)' and data write line (14)' is arranged in a matrix to form a TFT at each cross point.
  • Each photo diode has a semiconductor film (13)' for light detection between the gate line (11)' and the data readout line (18), which is arranged parallel with the above-mentioned data write line (14)'.
  • the photo diode is arranged so that the two electrodes are parallel to each other in the same plane, with both bridged via semiconductor film, as in the TFT.
  • One of the pair may be formed using transparent conductive film, creating a sandwich structure supporting the electrodes.
  • the photo diode reacts to light striking either side of the TFT substrate; however, a poor aperture ratio (the ratio of the effective area of picture elements to total display unit area) may result.
  • the semiconductor film (13)' island is provided on the gate line (11)', upon which ITO transparent film (19) is stacked and of which one end is connected with the data readout line (18).
  • Thin semiconductor film material (13 and 13') used for TFT and photo diode is selected from among simple substances or mixtures belonging of group IV, doped with necessary impurities (stoichiometric or nonstoichiometric compounds, solid solutions, alloys, etc.) or from among un-doped simple substances or mixtures belonging group VI.
  • the semiconductor film (13)' used in detection may be formed simultaneously with the TFT semiconductor film (13), or with different materials.
  • Vacuum deposition, sputtering CVD, plasma CVD or vacuum CVD techniques can be used, and formed into desired patterns using the shadow mask method or photolithography.
  • a light shield is provided for the TFT and a filter is located above the photo diode.
  • the spectrum of light passing through the filter above the photo diode should match the spectrum of light emitted from the pen, but with narrower band width.
  • an orientation film which is rubbing-treated is used to help intensify liquid crystal orientation.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the drive circuit used in this system. Scanning pulse is applied by the scanning pulse generator (31) to the gate line (11)' at regular intervals to turn the TFT ON. Image signals for one scanning line are stored tentatively in line memory (32).
  • the write line (14)' in synchronization with the scanning pulse, then applied via TFT to the picture element electrode (16) and storage capacitor, provided as necessary.
  • the effective value of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal also changes, powering liquid crystal display.
  • an analog line memory is used (32). It can be replaced with a digital line memory or shift register when neutral tints are not required.
  • the storage capacitor retains voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal even when the TFT is OFF. No storage capacitor is needed if the liquid crystal time constant is sufficiently large relative to the scanning cycle.
  • Photo diode detection of light pen position is as follows. Suitable materials with lower conductivity when dark and higher conductivity when light are selected. When light strikes the semiconductor film (13'), resistance falls, transmitting scanning pulse applied to the gate line (11)' to readout line (18). This pulse is detected by the comparator which is connected to each data readout line. The X coordinate is determined by locating the comparator at which the pulse has appeared; coordinate Y is determined by the time at which said pulse appears. This processing can be performed by a simple circuit as, for example, shown in FIG. 5. Output from each comparator (41) is maintained in the peak-hold circuit or with RS flip-flop (42); output is then transmitted to an OR circuit (43).
  • the Y coordinate can be obtained by computing the number of scanning pulses during the period when output from the OR circuit (43) is "0" using the Y coordinate counter (44). In this way, pen light is received by two or more photo diodes; the one located at the top-most position is detected.
  • the X coordinate can be obtained by scanning the outputs in the peak-hold circuit or with the RS flip-flop (42) during vertical retrace. If it is impossible to process during vertical retrace, maintained outputs may tentatively be transferred to a different shift register (45) for scanning during the next field.
  • Calculation of the number of clock pulses fed until the first "1" is encountered may also be used, with the RS flip-flop (42) and counter (46) serving as the X coordinate.
  • These circuits may be arranged either externally or on the peripheral parts on the TFT substrate. In the latter case, the number of terminals connecting the TFT substrate with the external circuits can be reduced.
  • the effects of ambient light can be dealt with by adjusting reference voltage (V ref) at the comparator (41).
  • Another cell substrate matched to the TFT-photo diode cell substrate is then fabricated; it consists of a transparent conductive film and color filter on a transparent substrate made of glass or similar material.
  • An interference filter, inorganic or organic dyes or pigments are used for the color filter. It is prepared by photolithography or printing technique and consists of three primary colors arranged in rows or mosaic fashion, upon which ITO transparent conductive film is laid using the ion-plating technique or similar method. On top, an orientation layer is provided to aid liquid crystal orientation.
  • the light pen consists of a light source and lens set in a pen-shaped case.
  • Incandescent bulb with filter, light-emitting diode or semiconductor laser, etc. are used as a light source.
  • the light source spectrum should be as narrow as possible.
  • a light-emitting diode When a light-emitting diode is used, its mesial magnitude should be set in the range of about 10 to 100 nm.
  • Light is output as a beam through the lens fitted at one end of the light pen. Accordingly, when light is emitted while moving the light pen on the screen of the above-mentioned LCD panel, light strikes the photo diodes in the LCD panel, whch then identify the corresponding loci.
  • the above-mentioned embodiment consists of TFTs and photo diodes arranged on a transparent substrate and a liquid crystal which is operated in a light transmission mode.
  • Si or other semiconductor substrates may be used and liquid crystal driving transistors and photo-electric translation cells may be arranged for liquid crystal reflection mode operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)
  • Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
US06/744,961 1984-06-20 1985-06-17 Liquid crystal input/output matrix panel Expired - Lifetime US4679909A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59128023A JPS616729A (ja) 1984-06-20 1984-06-20 情報入出力装置
JP59-128023 1984-06-20

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US4679909A true US4679909A (en) 1987-07-14

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US (1) US4679909A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS616729A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3522104A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB2162673B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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US4787712A (en) * 1987-01-16 1988-11-29 Hosiden Electronics Co., Ltd Active matrix liquid crystal display device having capacitive electrodes opposite the source buses
US4794634A (en) * 1985-12-24 1988-12-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Position-sensitive photodetector and light transmissive tablet and light-emitting pen
US4846694A (en) * 1988-06-20 1989-07-11 Image Storage/Retrieval Systems, Inc. Computer controlled, overhead projector display
US4846559A (en) * 1986-01-30 1989-07-11 Messerschmitt Bclkow-Blohm GmbH Sensor element with a memory for abnormal changes of the incident light intensity
US4855805A (en) * 1984-10-01 1989-08-08 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Nonlinear semiconductor element, liquid crystal display panel using the same and their manufacturing methods
US4870458A (en) * 1986-05-31 1989-09-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Display and input combination panel
US4872000A (en) * 1986-07-21 1989-10-03 Hitachi, Ltd. Coordinate input apparatus
US4873398A (en) * 1988-06-30 1989-10-10 Hewlett-Packard Company Flat panel display with integrated digitizing tablet
US4884875A (en) * 1987-10-06 1989-12-05 Nec Corporation Liquid crystal light valve showing an improved display contrast
US4904061A (en) * 1984-10-22 1990-02-27 Seiko Epson Corporation Projection-type liquid crystal display device with even color
US4909601A (en) * 1987-04-14 1990-03-20 Seiko Epson Corporation Projection-type color display device with light valves positioned at unequal distances from the light source
US4945348A (en) * 1987-04-22 1990-07-31 Hitachi Ltd. Liquid crystal display combined with signal input tablet
US4991939A (en) * 1987-10-15 1991-02-12 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal display device
EP0384509A3 (en) * 1989-02-13 1991-03-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Display device with input function
US5051570A (en) * 1989-01-20 1991-09-24 Nec Corporation Liquid crystal light valve showing an improved display contrast
US5138700A (en) * 1988-01-27 1992-08-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Method and apparatus for magnifying display data generated in a computer system using an overhead projector
US5151688A (en) * 1989-04-19 1992-09-29 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Input/output display panel with light pen
US5191450A (en) * 1987-04-14 1993-03-02 Seiko Epson Corporation Projection-type color display device having a driving circuit for producing a mirror-like image
US5235363A (en) * 1991-05-10 1993-08-10 Nview Corporation Method and apparatus for interacting with a computer generated projected image
US5268679A (en) * 1990-06-29 1993-12-07 U.S. Philips Corporation Optical data processing device
US5353138A (en) * 1991-04-24 1994-10-04 U.S. Philips Corporation Display device and support plate with transverse electrode arrangement
US5550659A (en) * 1993-07-26 1996-08-27 Nec Corporation Active matrix liquid crystal display having a spatial coordinates input function
US5583535A (en) * 1993-08-24 1996-12-10 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Column electrode drive circuit of liquid crystal display device capable of simultaneously applying display voltages to column electrodes as well as sequentially applying scanning voltages to column electrodes
US5838308A (en) * 1991-04-17 1998-11-17 U.S. Philips Corporation Optical touch input device
US6509946B1 (en) * 1999-08-05 2003-01-21 International Business Machines Corporation High resolution TFT liquid crystal display device having a wide TFT channel
US20030156087A1 (en) * 2002-02-20 2003-08-21 Boer Willem Den Light sensitive display
US20030218116A1 (en) * 2002-02-20 2003-11-27 Boer Willem Den Image sensor with photosensitive thin film transistors
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US20050134751A1 (en) * 2003-12-17 2005-06-23 Adiel Abileah Light sensitive display
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US9557845B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2017-01-31 Apple Inc. Input device for and method of communication with capacitive devices through frequency variation
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Cited By (96)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4855805A (en) * 1984-10-01 1989-08-08 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Nonlinear semiconductor element, liquid crystal display panel using the same and their manufacturing methods
US4904061A (en) * 1984-10-22 1990-02-27 Seiko Epson Corporation Projection-type liquid crystal display device with even color
US4794634A (en) * 1985-12-24 1988-12-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Position-sensitive photodetector and light transmissive tablet and light-emitting pen
US4846559A (en) * 1986-01-30 1989-07-11 Messerschmitt Bclkow-Blohm GmbH Sensor element with a memory for abnormal changes of the incident light intensity
US4870458A (en) * 1986-05-31 1989-09-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Display and input combination panel
US4872000A (en) * 1986-07-21 1989-10-03 Hitachi, Ltd. Coordinate input apparatus
US4787712A (en) * 1987-01-16 1988-11-29 Hosiden Electronics Co., Ltd Active matrix liquid crystal display device having capacitive electrodes opposite the source buses
US5191450A (en) * 1987-04-14 1993-03-02 Seiko Epson Corporation Projection-type color display device having a driving circuit for producing a mirror-like image
US4909601A (en) * 1987-04-14 1990-03-20 Seiko Epson Corporation Projection-type color display device with light valves positioned at unequal distances from the light source
US4945348A (en) * 1987-04-22 1990-07-31 Hitachi Ltd. Liquid crystal display combined with signal input tablet
US4884875A (en) * 1987-10-06 1989-12-05 Nec Corporation Liquid crystal light valve showing an improved display contrast
US4991939A (en) * 1987-10-15 1991-02-12 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal display device
US5138700A (en) * 1988-01-27 1992-08-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Method and apparatus for magnifying display data generated in a computer system using an overhead projector
US4846694A (en) * 1988-06-20 1989-07-11 Image Storage/Retrieval Systems, Inc. Computer controlled, overhead projector display
US4873398A (en) * 1988-06-30 1989-10-10 Hewlett-Packard Company Flat panel display with integrated digitizing tablet
US5051570A (en) * 1989-01-20 1991-09-24 Nec Corporation Liquid crystal light valve showing an improved display contrast
EP0384509A3 (en) * 1989-02-13 1991-03-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Display device with input function
US5172104A (en) * 1989-02-13 1992-12-15 U.S. Philips Corporation Display device
US5151688A (en) * 1989-04-19 1992-09-29 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Input/output display panel with light pen
US5268679A (en) * 1990-06-29 1993-12-07 U.S. Philips Corporation Optical data processing device
US5838308A (en) * 1991-04-17 1998-11-17 U.S. Philips Corporation Optical touch input device
US5353138A (en) * 1991-04-24 1994-10-04 U.S. Philips Corporation Display device and support plate with transverse electrode arrangement
US5235363A (en) * 1991-05-10 1993-08-10 Nview Corporation Method and apparatus for interacting with a computer generated projected image
US5550659A (en) * 1993-07-26 1996-08-27 Nec Corporation Active matrix liquid crystal display having a spatial coordinates input function
US5583535A (en) * 1993-08-24 1996-12-10 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Column electrode drive circuit of liquid crystal display device capable of simultaneously applying display voltages to column electrodes as well as sequentially applying scanning voltages to column electrodes
US6509946B1 (en) * 1999-08-05 2003-01-21 International Business Machines Corporation High resolution TFT liquid crystal display device having a wide TFT channel
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JPS616729A (ja) 1986-01-13
GB8515638D0 (en) 1985-07-24
GB2162673A (en) 1986-02-05
GB2162673B (en) 1988-05-11
DE3522104C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-02-08
DE3522104A1 (de) 1986-01-02

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