US4484958A - Non-magnetic alloy having high hardness and good weldability - Google Patents
Non-magnetic alloy having high hardness and good weldability Download PDFInfo
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- US4484958A US4484958A US06/465,661 US46566183A US4484958A US 4484958 A US4484958 A US 4484958A US 46566183 A US46566183 A US 46566183A US 4484958 A US4484958 A US 4484958A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement in non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel.
- Pinch rolls are used in continuous casting machine for continuously withdrawing a slab or the like from a mold containing molten steel.
- an electromagnetic stirrer is provided for at least one of pinch rolls to produce a moving magnetic field and pass the slab through the magnetic field, thereby causing lines of magnetic force to stir the unsolidified inner portion of the slab to improve the quality of the portion.
- Rolls for use in electromagnetic stirrer are preferable to be the lowest in magnetic permeability so as to minimize the eddy current loss by electro-magnetic induction and to enhance an efficiency of electro-magnetic stirring.
- the electro-magnetic stirrer rolls are also required to have high hardness in view of durability and further to have good weldability in view of maintenance works.
- the materials heretofore used for such rolls include 0.03C--18Cr--8Ni steel (AISI 304).
- AISI 304 0.03C--18Cr--8Ni steel
- the steel is about 1.006 in magnetic permeability ( ⁇ ) and about 165 in Vickers hardness (VHN) and is not fully satisfactory in magnetic permeability and hardness, so that it is required to develop non-magnetic alloys having a lower magnetic permeability, higher hardness and better weldability.
- the present invention fulfills the above-mentioned requirements.
- An object of the invention is to provide an alloy consisting essentially of 0.1-0.6% (by weight, the same as hereinafter) C, 0 ⁇ Si ⁇ 2.0%, 5.0-15.0% Mn, 5.0-15.0% Cr, 5.0-13.0% Ni, 0 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0%, and one or both of 0 ⁇ Mo ⁇ 1.0% and 0 ⁇ Nb ⁇ 2.0%, the balance being substantially Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the alloy of the present invention has an outstanding non-magnetic property of up to about 1.005 in magnetic permeability, high hardness of about 200 or higher than that in VHN and good weldability.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a correlation between underbead cracks and the V content according to Battele type underbead cracking test.
- FIG. 2a is a plan view showing a test piece used for Battele type underbead cracking test.
- FIG. 2b is a sectional view taken along the line II--II of FIG. 2a.
- C is a useful element for forming austenite to render the alloy non-magnetic and is also necessary to give increased hardness.
- the C content if less than 0.1%, is not fully effective in affording hardness. Although this effect can be enhanced by increasing the content, an excess of C results in reduced toughness and adversely leads to increased permeability through the coarse-grained carbides, so that the C content should be up to 0.6%. 0 ⁇ Si ⁇ 2.0%
- Si which must be used as a deoxidizer, acts as a ferrite forming element and increases the magnetic permeability when present in a large amount. To avoid the objectionable effect, the Si content should not exceed 2.0%.
- Mn is essential to the alloy as a deoxidizing and desulfurizing element and also as an austenite forming and stabilizing element for non-magnetization. It is desired that at least 5% of Mn be present for stabilizing the austenitic phase. However, when containing Mn in an excessively large amount, the alloy becomes to less resistant to oxidation at high temperatures in addition to its reduced hardness, so that the upper limit of the Mn content is 15.0%.
- Cr is effective for giving improved resistance to oxidation and higher hardness.
- Cr is preferably present in an amount of at least 5.0%.
- Cr which forms ferrite renders the austenitic phase instable. It is therefore desired that the Cr content be up to 15.0%.
- Ni is a very useful element for forming austenite. At least 5.0% of Ni must be present for the formation and stabilization of austenite. However, the increase of the Ni content leads to reduced hardness, so that the upper limit for the Ni content is 13.0%. 0 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0%
- V is effective for producing finer grains, thereby contributing to the improvement of toughness.
- V forms ferrite to render the magnetic permeability higher with the increase of its content.
- the V content in the present alloy should therefore be less than 1.0% to keep the magnetic permeability stable in lower value.
- weldability is also improved by the V content thus restricted to less than 1.0%. 0 ⁇ Mo ⁇ 1.0%, 0 ⁇ Nb ⁇ 2.0%
- Both Mo and Nb produce improved hardness through the solution hardening of carbides.
- these elements which form ferrite, impair the stability of the austenitic phase if used in large amounts.
- the Mo content be up to 1.0%, and the Nb content up to 2.0%.
- the alloy While it is desirable that the alloy contain P, S and other impurities in minimized amounts, no particular objection will result if these impurities are such that they become inevitably incorporated into the alloy in an industrial alloy manufacturing process.
- the alloy of this invention is subjected to solution heat treatment in the usual manner, and the super-saturated austenite is allowed to stand at room temperature.
- the resulting alloy has outstanding non-magnetic property, i.e. low magnetic permeability, and high hardness.
- the alloy is also excellent in weldability.
- Alloy specimens of various compositions were prepared, then subjected to solution treatment (1100° C. ⁇ 3 hr., cooling with water) and thereafter checked for magnetic permeability ( ⁇ ) and hardness (VHN).
- the magnetic permeability ( ⁇ ) was measured by Phorster Probe magnetic permeability tester.
- the hardness was measured by Vickers hardness tester under a load of 10 kg.
- Table 1 shows the chemical compositions of the specimens and the magnetic permeability and hardness values thereof measured.
- Specimens Nos. 1 to 6 are alloys of the invention, and specimens Nos. 7 to 19 are the alloys compared with those of the invention in respect of the magnetic permeability and hardness.
- Specimen No. 19 is the material of AISI 304 which has been conventionally used for electro-magnetic stirrer rolls.
- the present alloys are superior to the conventionally used material of AISI 304 (Specimens No. 19) in both non-magnetic property and hardness.
- Alloy specimens from the material of 0.35C--0.75Si--8.95Mn--8.80Cr--9.05Ni--0.86Mo--1.46Nb--V--Fe were prepared, wherein the V content was variously changed, and checked for weldability under Battele type underbead cracking test. From the above specimens, plate-like test pieces were obtained having the dimension of width (W) 50.8 mm ⁇ length (L) 76.2 mm ⁇ thickness (T) 25.4 mm as shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b. Weld bead (B) of 31.75 mm length was provided on the surface of such test pieces.
- the test pieces after providing the weld bead were passed a day and a night and thereafter were cut off along the center line (II--II line in FIG. 2a) thereof.
- the results are shown in FIG. 1. It can be taken from the test results that the alloys having the V content of less than 1.0% are free from weld crack and thus are excellent in weldability.
- the alloy of the invention has the great feature in that it is particularly excellent in weldability, in addition to the properties of low magnetic permeability and high hardness.
- the alloy of this invention has low magnetic permeability and high hardness and is therefore suited as the material for electromagnetic stirrer rolls for use in continuous casting machine. Because such stirrer rolls prepared from the present alloy effectively agitate the inner unsoldified portion only of the slab passing thereover without being magnetized themselves owing to the outstanding non-magnetic characteristics, the rolls achieve an improved energy efficiency while having enhanced durability afforded by the high hardness.
- the alloy of the invention is also excellent in weldability and therefore advantageous for maintenance works.
- the alloy of the invention is not only useful for electromagnetic stirrer rolls of continuous casting machine but is of course usable for various other apparatus, such as nuclear fusion apparatus, linear motor cars, etc., as components thereof which must have low magnetic permeability and high hardness.
- the alloy of the invention is also suited as the material for structural use in view of good weldability.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
An alloy consisting essentially of, by weight, 0.1-0.6% C, up to 2.0% Si, 5.0-15.0% Mn, 5.0-15.0% Cr, 5.0-13.0% Ni, less than 1.0% V, and one or both of up to 1.0% Mo and up to 2.0% Nb, balance being substantially Fe and inevitable impurities. The alloy has outstanding nonmagnetic property, high hardness and good weldability, and particularly useful for electro-magnetic stirrer rolls in continuous casting machine.
Description
The present invention relates to an improvement in non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel.
Pinch rolls are used in continuous casting machine for continuously withdrawing a slab or the like from a mold containing molten steel. When the slab passes between the pinch rolls, the inner portion of the slab is still in a molten state and is prone to segregation in the course of solidification. Accordingly an electromagnetic stirrer is provided for at least one of pinch rolls to produce a moving magnetic field and pass the slab through the magnetic field, thereby causing lines of magnetic force to stir the unsolidified inner portion of the slab to improve the quality of the portion. Rolls for use in electromagnetic stirrer are preferable to be the lowest in magnetic permeability so as to minimize the eddy current loss by electro-magnetic induction and to enhance an efficiency of electro-magnetic stirring. The electro-magnetic stirrer rolls are also required to have high hardness in view of durability and further to have good weldability in view of maintenance works.
The materials heretofore used for such rolls include 0.03C--18Cr--8Ni steel (AISI 304). However, the steel is about 1.006 in magnetic permeability (μ) and about 165 in Vickers hardness (VHN) and is not fully satisfactory in magnetic permeability and hardness, so that it is required to develop non-magnetic alloys having a lower magnetic permeability, higher hardness and better weldability.
The present invention fulfills the above-mentioned requirements.
An object of the invention is to provide an alloy consisting essentially of 0.1-0.6% (by weight, the same as hereinafter) C, 0<Si≦2.0%, 5.0-15.0% Mn, 5.0-15.0% Cr, 5.0-13.0% Ni, 0<V<1.0%, and one or both of 0<Mo≦1.0% and 0<Nb≦2.0%, the balance being substantially Fe and inevitable impurities.
The alloy of the present invention has an outstanding non-magnetic property of up to about 1.005 in magnetic permeability, high hardness of about 200 or higher than that in VHN and good weldability.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a correlation between underbead cracks and the V content according to Battele type underbead cracking test.
FIG. 2a is a plan view showing a test piece used for Battele type underbead cracking test.
FIG. 2b is a sectional view taken along the line II--II of FIG. 2a.
The reasons for limiting the components of the present alloy as above will be described below.
C: 0.1-0.6%
C is a useful element for forming austenite to render the alloy non-magnetic and is also necessary to give increased hardness. The C content, if less than 0.1%, is not fully effective in affording hardness. Although this effect can be enhanced by increasing the content, an excess of C results in reduced toughness and adversely leads to increased permeability through the coarse-grained carbides, so that the C content should be up to 0.6%. 0<Si≦2.0%
Si, which must be used as a deoxidizer, acts as a ferrite forming element and increases the magnetic permeability when present in a large amount. To avoid the objectionable effect, the Si content should not exceed 2.0%.
Mn: 5.0-15.0%
Mn is essential to the alloy as a deoxidizing and desulfurizing element and also as an austenite forming and stabilizing element for non-magnetization. It is desired that at least 5% of Mn be present for stabilizing the austenitic phase. However, when containing Mn in an excessively large amount, the alloy becomes to less resistant to oxidation at high temperatures in addition to its reduced hardness, so that the upper limit of the Mn content is 15.0%.
Cr: 5.0-15.0%
Cr is effective for giving improved resistance to oxidation and higher hardness. To be fully effective, Cr is preferably present in an amount of at least 5.0%. At a high content, however, Cr which forms ferrite renders the austenitic phase instable. It is therefore desired that the Cr content be up to 15.0%. Ni: 5.0-13.0%
Ni is a very useful element for forming austenite. At least 5.0% of Ni must be present for the formation and stabilization of austenite. However, the increase of the Ni content leads to reduced hardness, so that the upper limit for the Ni content is 13.0%. 0<V<1.0%
V is effective for producing finer grains, thereby contributing to the improvement of toughness. However, V forms ferrite to render the magnetic permeability higher with the increase of its content. The V content in the present alloy should therefore be less than 1.0% to keep the magnetic permeability stable in lower value. In order to enjoy an effect of toughness improvement by fined grains, it is preferable that at least 0.1% of the V element is contained, nevertheless effective even in a trace amount. As shown in the example later, weldability is also improved by the V content thus restricted to less than 1.0%. 0<Mo≦1.0%, 0<Nb≦2.0%
Both Mo and Nb produce improved hardness through the solution hardening of carbides. However, these elements, which form ferrite, impair the stability of the austenitic phase if used in large amounts. To avoid this objection, it is preferred that the Mo content be up to 1.0%, and the Nb content up to 2.0%. Although one of these elements is usable singly, both elements, if used conjointly, will produce a synergistic effect to give greatly increased hardness.
While it is desirable that the alloy contain P, S and other impurities in minimized amounts, no particular objection will result if these impurities are such that they become inevitably incorporated into the alloy in an industrial alloy manufacturing process.
The alloy of this invention is subjected to solution heat treatment in the usual manner, and the super-saturated austenite is allowed to stand at room temperature. The resulting alloy has outstanding non-magnetic property, i.e. low magnetic permeability, and high hardness. The alloy is also excellent in weldability.
The present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to the following exmples.
Alloy specimens of various compositions were prepared, then subjected to solution treatment (1100° C.×3 hr., cooling with water) and thereafter checked for magnetic permeability (μ) and hardness (VHN). The magnetic permeability (μ) was measured by Phorster Probe magnetic permeability tester. The hardness was measured by Vickers hardness tester under a load of 10 kg.
Table 1 shows the chemical compositions of the specimens and the magnetic permeability and hardness values thereof measured. Specimens Nos. 1 to 6 are alloys of the invention, and specimens Nos. 7 to 19 are the alloys compared with those of the invention in respect of the magnetic permeability and hardness. Specimen No. 19 is the material of AISI 304 which has been conventionally used for electro-magnetic stirrer rolls.
As understood from Table 1, the present alloys (Specimens No. 1 to 6) are superior to the conventionally used material of AISI 304 (Specimens No. 19) in both non-magnetic property and hardness.
The other comparison specimens of Nos. 7 to 18 with contents of some components outside the ranges defined by the invention are all inferior to the alloy of the invention in non-magnetic property, and further, some being insufficient in hardness although relatively low in magnetic permeability and some being not satisfactory in non-magnetic property although high in hardness. Thus the comparison alloys simultaneously fail to satisfy both characteristics.
TABLE 1
__________________________________________________________________________
Chemical composition (wt %), Magnetic permeability and Hardness
Magnetic
Vickers
permeability
hardness
No.
C Si Mn Cr Ni V Mo Nb (μ) (VHN)
__________________________________________________________________________
1 0.15
0.70
8.0
7.5
8.5
0.50
0.6
-- 1.002 216 Alloy
2 0.32
0.80
9.1
8.0
9.5
0.60
0.3
-- 1.003 232 Invention
3 0.51
0.90
9.0
8.8
9.2
0.55
0.7
-- 1.002 237
4 0.48
0.84
9.3
8.9
9.1
0.48
0.5
-- 1.003 231
5 0.52
0.98
8.5
8.7
10.1
0.52
-- 1.1
1.003 229
6 0.50
0.88
9.2
9.0
9.8
0.45
0.8
1.2
1.002 230
7 0.01
0.90
8.2
9.1
7.6
0.70
0.8
-- 1.005 172 Alloy
8 0.05
0.80
9.1
8.8
8.7
0.50
0.7
-- 1.006 174 Comparison
9 0.52
0.70
2.8
7.8
9.2
0.60
0.4
-- 1.015 185
10 0.47
0.80
18.2
8.2
8.6
0.70
0.6
-- 1.005 195
11 0.55
0.90
9.2
3.5
8.8
0.60
0.7
-- 1.005 182
12 0.51
0.70
9.0
16.9
7.8
0.50
0.6
-- 1.012 205
13 0.52
0.60
8.3
9.1
1.9
0.40
0.5
-- 1.015 202
14 0.54
0.90
8.6
8.9
17.2
0.60
0.6
-- 1.004 172
15 0.49
0.80
8.8
8.2
9.1
-- 0.7
-- 1.005 192
16 0.51
0.90
8.3
8.6
9.3
4.2
0.8
-- 1.012 248
17 0.46
0.70
8.9
9.2
8.9
0.6
2.5
-- 1.013 233
18 0.49
0.80
8.5
8.9
9.2
0.5
0.7
4.2
1.014 251
19 0.05
0.70
0.8
18.1
9.0
-- 0.3
-- 1.006 165
__________________________________________________________________________
(Balance being substantially Fe and inevitable impurities)
Alloy specimens from the material of 0.35C--0.75Si--8.95Mn--8.80Cr--9.05Ni--0.86Mo--1.46Nb--V--Fe were prepared, wherein the V content was variously changed, and checked for weldability under Battele type underbead cracking test. From the above specimens, plate-like test pieces were obtained having the dimension of width (W) 50.8 mm×length (L) 76.2 mm×thickness (T) 25.4 mm as shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b. Weld bead (B) of 31.75 mm length was provided on the surface of such test pieces. The test pieces after providing the weld bead were passed a day and a night and thereafter were cut off along the center line (II--II line in FIG. 2a) thereof. The results are shown in FIG. 1. It can be taken from the test results that the alloys having the V content of less than 1.0% are free from weld crack and thus are excellent in weldability.
The alloy of the invention has the great feature in that it is particularly excellent in weldability, in addition to the properties of low magnetic permeability and high hardness.
As understood from the foregoing, the alloy of this invention has low magnetic permeability and high hardness and is therefore suited as the material for electromagnetic stirrer rolls for use in continuous casting machine. Because such stirrer rolls prepared from the present alloy effectively agitate the inner unsoldified portion only of the slab passing thereover without being magnetized themselves owing to the outstanding non-magnetic characteristics, the rolls achieve an improved energy efficiency while having enhanced durability afforded by the high hardness. The alloy of the invention is also excellent in weldability and therefore advantageous for maintenance works.
The alloy of the invention is not only useful for electromagnetic stirrer rolls of continuous casting machine but is of course usable for various other apparatus, such as nuclear fusion apparatus, linear motor cars, etc., as components thereof which must have low magnetic permeability and high hardness. The alloy of the invention is also suited as the material for structural use in view of good weldability.
The present invention is not limited to the foregoing description but can be readily modified variously by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. Such modifications are included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. An electromagnetic stirrer roll adapted for use in continuous casting, said roll being formed of an alloy having high hardness, low magnetic permeability and good weldability, and consisting essentially of the following components in the following proportions in terms of % by weight:
______________________________________
C 0.1-0.6%
0<Si≦2.0%
Mn 5.0-15.0%
Cr 5.0-15.0%
Ni 5.0-13.0%
0<V<1.0%, and
______________________________________
one or both of 0<Mo≦1.0% and 0<Nb≦2.0%, the balance being substantially Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The alloy as defined in claim 1 wherein the V content is at least 0.1% and less than 1.0%.
3. In a process for continuous casting wherein a slab having a molten inner portion is contacted with electro-magnetic stirrer rolls, the improvement wherein said stirrer rolls are an alloy consisting essentially of the following components in the following proportions in terms of % by weight:
______________________________________
C 0.1-0.6%
0<Si≦2.0%
Mn 5.0-15.0%
Cr 5.0-15.0%
Ni 5.0-13.0%
0<V<1.0%, and
______________________________________
one or both of 0<Mo≦1.0% and 0<Nb≦2.0%, the balance being substantially Fe and inevitable impurities.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57021812A JPS6058781B2 (en) | 1982-02-12 | 1982-02-12 | Non-magnetic alloy for continuous casting electromagnetic stirring roll |
| JP57-21812 | 1982-02-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4484958A true US4484958A (en) | 1984-11-27 |
Family
ID=12065465
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/465,661 Expired - Fee Related US4484958A (en) | 1982-02-12 | 1983-02-10 | Non-magnetic alloy having high hardness and good weldability |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4484958A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6058781B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR880000767B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3304821C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2521595B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE454599B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4911884A (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1990-03-27 | General Electric Company | High strength non-magnetic alloy |
| US5092393A (en) * | 1989-03-14 | 1992-03-03 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Process for producing cold-rolled strips and sheets of austenitic stainless steel |
| US20080035248A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2008-02-14 | Philippe Cugy | Method Of Producing Austenitic Iron/Carbon/Manganese Steel Sheets Having Very High Strength And Elongation Characteristics Ans Excellent Homogeneity |
| CN102174666A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2011-09-07 | 山西百一机械设备制造有限公司 | Preparation method of high-temperature-resisting, abrasion-resisting, corrosion-resisting and antimagnetic material |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109112418B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2020-09-01 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Continuous casting method of high manganese steel |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB876437A (en) * | 1959-12-09 | 1961-08-30 | United Steel Companies Ltd | Improvements relating to chromium-nickel-manganese steel |
| US3533780A (en) * | 1966-02-10 | 1970-10-13 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | High-strength austenitic stainless steel for a boiler |
| US3711276A (en) * | 1969-02-10 | 1973-01-16 | Bofors Ab | Nonmagnetic barrel steel |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1032296B (en) * | 1952-08-22 | 1958-06-19 | East Hecla Works | Use of an austenitic steel alloy as a material for non-magnetic objects of high strength and yield strength |
| US3017266A (en) * | 1960-06-02 | 1962-01-16 | United Steel Companies Ltd | Austenitic steel and articles made therefrom |
| FR1299535A (en) * | 1961-04-12 | 1962-07-27 | Universal Cyclops Steel Corp | Ferrous alloys and articles obtained from these alloys |
| US3366472A (en) * | 1963-12-31 | 1968-01-30 | Armco Steel Corp | Stainless steel |
| SE324904C (en) * | 1967-11-27 | 1977-11-28 | Bofors Ab | SEPARATION HARDENING AUSTENITIC STEEL |
-
1982
- 1982-02-12 JP JP57021812A patent/JPS6058781B2/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-02-10 KR KR1019830000520A patent/KR880000767B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-02-10 US US06/465,661 patent/US4484958A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-02-11 SE SE8300737A patent/SE454599B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-02-11 DE DE3304821A patent/DE3304821C2/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-11 FR FR8302239A patent/FR2521595B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB876437A (en) * | 1959-12-09 | 1961-08-30 | United Steel Companies Ltd | Improvements relating to chromium-nickel-manganese steel |
| US3533780A (en) * | 1966-02-10 | 1970-10-13 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | High-strength austenitic stainless steel for a boiler |
| US3711276A (en) * | 1969-02-10 | 1973-01-16 | Bofors Ab | Nonmagnetic barrel steel |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Sakamoto et al., The Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, vol. 67, Sep. 1981, p. 192. * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4911884A (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1990-03-27 | General Electric Company | High strength non-magnetic alloy |
| US5092393A (en) * | 1989-03-14 | 1992-03-03 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Process for producing cold-rolled strips and sheets of austenitic stainless steel |
| US20080035248A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2008-02-14 | Philippe Cugy | Method Of Producing Austenitic Iron/Carbon/Manganese Steel Sheets Having Very High Strength And Elongation Characteristics Ans Excellent Homogeneity |
| US7794552B2 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2010-09-14 | Arcelor France | Method of producing austenitic iron/carbon/manganese steel sheets having very high strength and elongation characteristics and excellent homogeneity |
| CN102174666A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2011-09-07 | 山西百一机械设备制造有限公司 | Preparation method of high-temperature-resisting, abrasion-resisting, corrosion-resisting and antimagnetic material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6058781B2 (en) | 1985-12-21 |
| DE3304821C2 (en) | 1988-08-18 |
| FR2521595A1 (en) | 1983-08-19 |
| KR840003700A (en) | 1984-09-15 |
| FR2521595B1 (en) | 1990-12-21 |
| SE8300737L (en) | 1983-08-13 |
| DE3304821A1 (en) | 1983-09-22 |
| SE8300737D0 (en) | 1983-02-11 |
| KR880000767B1 (en) | 1988-05-06 |
| JPS58141369A (en) | 1983-08-22 |
| SE454599B (en) | 1988-05-16 |
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