US440488A

US440488A - Boiler-injector

Info

Publication number: US440488A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1890-11-11
Anticipated expiration: 1907-11-11

Description

(Modell) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J D LYNDB BOILBR INJEGTOR.

` Patented Nov. 11, 1890.

(Model.) 2 Sheets--Sheet 2. J. D. LYNDE. BOILER INJEGTOR.

Patented Nov. 11, 1890.

/ /Mmfi VUNITED STATES .PATENT OFFICE.

JOI-IN D. LYNDE, OF HADDONFIELD, NEIV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO lI-IE HANCOCK INSPIRATOR COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

BOlLER-INJECTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 440,488, dated November 11, 1890.

To all whom it may concern'.-

Be it known that I, JOHN D. LYNDE, of Had doniield, in the county of Camden, and in the l State of New Jersey, have inven tedcertain new and useful Improvements in Boiler-Injectors; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My improvement relates to those injectors which contain a forcing apparatus and alifting apparatus arranged relatively to each other, so that thelifting apparatus shall take water from a well o1' other supply and deliver it to the forcingapparatus, whence by the latter it is forced into the boiler or against a resistance even greater than the pressure of the actuating-steam. In such injectors prior to my invention the lifter (as I shall hereinafter call the first or lifting apparatus) has been provided with a waste opening either in its combining-tube or between that combining-tube and the mouth or inlet end of the combining-tube of the forcer (as I shall hereinafter call the second apparatus) and communicating with the atmosphere, the object of this waste-opening being to facilitate the starting of the lifter. If this waste-open ing is located between the discharge end of the combining-tube of the lifter and the mouth of the combining-tube of the forcer, as is usually the case, it must be closed after thelifter is well at work, in order that the lifter may thereafter deliver to the forcer all the .water which issues from its combining-tube. The closing of this waste-opening has hitherto been effected usually by a valve manipulated by the engineer.

In this class of injectors the forcer is provided with a waste-opening, which may be located, as in the original Gitfard injector, at or very near the throat of the forcer combining-tube, in which case a valve is usuallyprovided to prevent the indraft of air at the opening after the injector is in operation, or the waste-opening may be located between the throat of the forcer combining-tube and the check-valve in the delivery-pipe, in which case a valve must be provided to close it afterthe stream through the forcer has attained the required velocity.

My improvement obviates the necessity for the waste-opening for the lifter located either in its combining-tube or between that tube and the forcer combining-tube, except when water is to be lifted from a considerable depth below the injector, or when steam of high pressure is used to actuate the injector.

In getting injectors of this class into operan tion it sometimes occurs that steam. is admitted to the forcer steam-jet tube before the current of water from the lifter is established through the forcer combining-tube, and in such case, as the steam which issues from the forcer steam-jet tube cannot escape, except through the throat of the forcer combiningtube (which is necessarily of small area relatively to the arca of the smallest bore of the forcer steam-jet tube) or the usual wasteopening at or near that throat, it passes back into or toward the discharge end of the lifter and creates a back-pressure which hinders and often prevents the lifter from working.

My improvement, by affording an additional vent in the forcer combining-tube, enables the forcer to start more readily than heretofore, and consequently the forcer-steam interferes less with the working of the lifter.

My invention consists in providing an injector of the class described with an additional waste-opening located in the forcer combining-tube between its mouth and its throatthat is to say, between its throat and the discharge end of its forcer steam-jet passage-where the larea in cross-section of the bore of that combining-tube is about equal to or greater than the area in cross-section of the smallest portion of the forcer steam-jet passage.

It also consists in providing an injector of the class described with an additional wasteopening located in the forcer combiningftube at or near or beyond its throat, as above described, and a valve whereby the efflux of fluid to the atmosphere from that opening is permitted and the influx of air prevented.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure I shows a vertical section of one injector embodying my improvements, and Fig. 2 asimilar section of a modified form of injector also embodying my improvements.

Letters of like name and kind refer to like parts in each of the figures.

A is the casing, in which is an opening B IOC for the admission of steam and an opening C for the admission of water. A partition D separates the steam-chambers B B2 from the water-chamber C.

a c is the steam-j et tube of the lifter. This tube is fitted steam-tight in the partition D, but is made movable therein by means of a threaded stem E, working in the nut or bonnet E. The stem E is enlarged at E3 on its end at the right, as shown in the drawings. E4 is a nut encircling the enlarged portion E3 of the stem E, and is screwed onto the prolon gation of the lifter steam-j et tube a, so that when the stem E is rotated the lifter steamjet tube a is moved longitudinally,but is not rotated. The bonnet E is provided with a stuffing-box and the stem E with a handwheel E2. Steam is admitted to the lifter steam-jet tube a a through holes a2, which communicate with the steam-chamber B', which chamber is supplied with steam through the port B3. v y

b is the lifter combining-tube, enlarged at its mouth b. Its discharge end is at b2'. The bore of this tube is i-n axial line with that of the'lifter steam-jet tube a d. It passesthrough that portion of the partition D which separates the steam-'chamber B2 from the'waterchamber C', and is tted tightly enough th ere- .which extends into the steam-chamber B2, and

into the nut thus formed the combining-tube b of the lifter is screwed.

That portion of the tube d which lies to the right ofthe discharge end b2 of the lifter 'combining-tube constitutes the combiningtube of the forcer. Its bore converges in the direction of the ilow of the fluid until the throat d5 is reached, whence it expands' and forms What is sometimes called the deliverytube. To the delivery end of the combining-tube the pipe for the delivery of the water to the boiler is to be connected, and in this pipe should be placed the usual checkvalvey to prevent the outio'w of water from I Y the boiler when the injector is not in opera- Y d, `and thereby is formed the annular steamjet tube or passage of the forcer.

d are holes made in tube d, which constitute the waste opening or overliow of the Giffard injector shown in United States Patent No. 27,979, being located very near the throat of the forcer combining-tube.

C17 are holes which constitute the additional waste-opening to which I have referred. They are made in the forcer combining-tube between the plane where the Water discharged from the lifter comes in contact with the steam which issues from theforcer steam-jet tube or passage-that is to say, the mouth of the forcer combining-tube-and the throat of that tube. The area of the bore of the forcer combiningtube where the ventopening formed by the holes d? is made should be about equal to or greater than the area of the smallest portion of the forcer steam-j et passage, for reasons which I shall hereinafter set forth.

Both the openings d6 and Z7 communicate with the overflow or waste chamber H, formed in the casing between the partitions F and G. In a branch in the casing is an opening H from the chamber H to the atmosphere. A valve J, opening outwardly and supported against gravity by a weak spring, permits the free outiiow of any fluid from the waste-'charnber H, but prevents the indraft of air.

The admission of steam first toA the lifter and afterward to both the lifter and forcer is controlled by valves operated by the Vstem M, to which is attached the hand-leverMQwhich has its fulcrum on the casing A.l

N is a puppet-valve,.which Iwill call the main steam-valve. It is guided ,by wings N and is seated in the casing at N2.V Y v O is' another puppet-valve, which I call the lifter steam-valve, formed on the -stem M. Its seat is formed in the valve N at N3. The stem INI extends through a port in the valve N` being made of smaller diameter than that port, and is attached to a piston-valve P, which has its seat in a cylinder P in that part of the casing which separates the chamber B' from thc chamber B2. The valve P is guided between the wings N in a recess formed therein. The valves O and P, being attached to the stem- M will move when that is moved, and the recess in the wings N is made deep enough, so that the valve'O will be opened fully before the rear end of the valve P will strike against and open the main valve N. The piston of the valve P is made of such length that it will not be withdrawn from its cylindrical seat, and thereby open a free passage for the steamto the forcer until after the main valve N has been opened.

To operate the injector, assuming it to be properly connected with the boiler and the water-supply, and the steam-admission valves to be closed, it is irst necessary to move the lever M enough to draw the lifter steamvalve O from its seat.l Steam will then passv through the port in the'main valve N and through the port BS into the chamber B g thence bythe holes c2 into the steam-jet tube a a of the lifter. The piston-valve P atv this time prevents steam from passing into the chamber B2, except such as may leak around IOO IIO

- and d6, (the greater part through the former,)

charged through the openings C17, together -with the fluid discharged from the lifter. As

P, and the steam entering at B will have ure to resist the current from the lifter and have shown in Fig. l of the drawings,is comwaste-opening through the holes at Z7 being the piston. The steam discharged from the' lifter steam-jet tube and through the lifter combining-tube drives the air before it and eX- hausts it from the water-chamber C', and the steam and air and afterward the water which comes in from the supply are discharged into. the Waste-chamber H through the holes d? and thence through the passage H opening the valve J, to the atmospherei Such steam as leaks by the pistonvalve P will also be dissoon as the stream of Water is established through the lifter the valve M should be further withdrawn. This will open fully the main steam-valve N and also Withdraw the piston-valve P from the cylindrical passage free access to both the lifter steam-jet tube or passage and to the forcer steam-jet tube. The steam which issues from the latter coming in cont-act with the stream of water which is discharged from the lifter readily combines therewith and imparts velocity toit, owing to the vent afforded by the opening at the holes (Z7 Without creating any injurious back-pressdischarges the Water at first through the holes d? and then through those at d5 until sufficient velocity has been imparted to the stream to enable it to overcome the resistance of the check-valve in the delivery-pipe, when the injector will be in operation. Water which is spilled from the forcer combining-tube in starting or after the injector is in operation 'will escape through the passage H controlled by the valve J.

rIhe quantity of water raised and delivered by the lifter can to some extent be regulated by the hand-wheel E2. If in starting the injector the lever M is moved quickly, so as to open the valves N and P suddenly or before the current of Water from the lifter is fully established, the opening afforded by the holes at CZ7 will tend to vent the steam which issues from the forcer steam-jet tube or passage, so that it shall not make a back-pressure, and thereby hinder the action of the lifter. Under these circumstances the injector will start, when, in the absence of the additional vent afforded by the holes at di', it might have been necessary to shut the valves N and P and begin over again.

The injector, which I have described and pact by reason of the arrangement of the lifter and forcer in axial line, the exterior of the discharge end of the lifter combiningtube penetrating into the prolongation of the mouth of the forcer combining-tube to form an annular forcer steamjet passage, the

provided to vent the lifter and to assist in starting the forcer.

When the injector has been got into operathe opening at the holes C17, the plug K may be removed and apipe and stop-cock inserted in its place. The opening thus afforded will only be necessary when Water is lifted from a considerable distance below the machine, or when high-pressure steam is used. It must be closed by the engineer after water has been lifted.

As the art of constructing both lifters and forcers and of proportioning them to act together when arranged as in this class of injectors is well known, I do not prescribe any details for making the bore of the interior contour of the several tubes of either the lifter or the forcer.

The holes (Z7, as I have before stated,should be located in the forcer combining-tube bctween the plane Where the steam which issues from the forcer steam-jet tube or passage comes in contact with the water issuing from the lifter and the throat of the forcer combining-tube, and where the area in cross-section of its bore is about equal to or greater than that of the smallest bore of the forcer steam-jet tube or of the smallest portion of the forcer steam-j et passage. If placed nearer the throat, the waste opening thereby afforded will be too small to` be eiiicient. They may be placed as near to the mouth of the forcer combining tube as will leave a suiiicient length of combining-tube between the mouthl and these holes to insure time for the proper condensation of the steam which issues from the forcer steam-jet tube or passage before the oommingled water and steam reach these holes, so that after the injector is in operation the jet of water shall leap across the opening aorded by the holes and continue in the combining-tube and enter the boiler. It is obvious that the nearer these holes can be made to the'mouth of the forcer combiningtube without preventing the steam from the forcer steam-jet tube or passage from acting with efficiency the greater will be the vent afforded for both the lifter and the steam-jet tube or passage of the forcer.

Instead of constructing the forcer as shown, with the ordinary waste-opening near the throat of its combining-tube, that opening may be located beyond the throat and between it and the check-valve in the deliverypipe, as I have before stated. In such case the chamber H and valve J will serve merely to discharge the steam, air, and water which issue from t-he waste-opening at di, and to prevent the indraft of outside air thereinto.

To attain the object of my invention, itis not necessary to arrange the lifter and forcer in an axial line with each other or to have the annular forcer steam-jet tube or passage, as shown in Fig. 1, and described hereinbefore. The lifter and forcer can be relatively ICO IIO

arranged as in the Hancock inspirator and as shown in Fig. 2,where the lifter discharges water into a chamber which communicates with the mouthl of lforcer combining-tube and supplies the water to the latter'around a central forcer steam-jet tube. In this form of my apparatus I prefer to arrangev the' parts as illustrated in Fig. 2, referred to above. The lifter is precisely like that already described and shown; but its combining t-ube b discharges into the chamber R, which communicates through a suitable passage with the mouth of the forcer combining-tube OZ, which tube is shown as above and out ot line with the lifter combining-tube. The forcer steamjet nozzle or tube S, which is of' the ordinary and Well-known construction, takes steam from the chamber B2 and discharges itin the usual way in a solid jet into the forcer cornbining-tubecl of the same form and construction as that shown in Fig. l. They forcer steam-j et is then a solid instead of an annular v one, and the water from chamber R is taken into the forcer combining-tube around and on all sides of the steam-jet. The entire lifter and the valves for admitting the steam first to the lifter and then to the forcer are the same iny construction and operation as those shown in Fig. 1, and fully described hereinbefore. They need not then be again described in connection with the modified arrangement of the forcer. In the forcer combining-tube there are the same openings d6 d and CF @Z7 as before communicating with the chamber IVI and valved outlet H the openings It is obvious that the lifter combining-tube can be held in place in the partition D independent of the tube d, and that the tube CZ may be made in` several pieces--as, for instance, the part cl2 may be made in one piece and held in the partition G, forming with the end ot the lifter combining-tube the forcer steam-jet tube or passage and a part ot the combiningtube and the portion from the waste-'opening at CF in one or more separate pieces. I prefer, however, theV construction shown and described, as it permits of the ready removal of the tubes for examination.

I am aware that forcers have been made prior to this my invention with a waste-'opening located as are the holes at CU; but I am not aware that such an opening hasbeen provided in an injector which contains a lifter and a forcer and in which the lifter delivers the water to the forcer, so that this additional waste-opening shall serve, as I have described, both for a waste-opening for the lifter and to facilitate the starting of' the forcer.

What I claim as my invention is- 1. An injector having a lifter and a forcer,

.-the latter being provided with a waste-opening in its combining-tube,-between the mouth thereof and its throat, where the area in crosssection of its bore is about equal tov or greater than the area in cross-section of the smallest portion of the forcer steam-jet passage.

2. An injector having a lifter and a forcer, the latter being provided with a waste-opening in its combining-tube between themouth thereof audits throat, where the area in crosssection of its bore is about equal to or greater than the area in cross-section of the smallest portion of the forcer steam-jet passage, and also provided with a valvel whereby the efflux of iiuid to the' atmosphere from that waste-'opening is' permitted and the influx of air prevented, substantially asl and for the purpose described.

3. In an injector having a lifter and a forcer, in which the lifter both in starting. the apparatus and after it is in operation delivers all the iiuid discharged through' it to the forcer, a waste-chamber, with which the forcer combining-tube communicates through a Wasteopeninglocated between the throat of its coinbining-tube and the discharge end of its steam-jet passage, where the cross-sectional area of that tube is about equal tov or greater than that of the smallest cross-sectional area of the forcersteam-jet passagasuch wastechamber being providedl with avalve to permit the efllu-X of fluid to the atmosphere and to prevent the influir of air to the chamber, substantially as and for the purpose described. l

4. In an injector having a lifterand aforcer,

in which the lifter both in starting. the apparatus and after it is in operation delivers all the fluid discharged through it to the forcer, awaste-chamber, with which the forcer combining-tube communicates through a wasteopening located between the throat of its combining-tube and the discharge end of its steam-j et passage,` where the cross-sectional area of that tube is about equal to or greater than that of the smallest cross-sectional area of the forcer steamjet passage, and also through a waste opening located at, near, or beyond the throat of its combining-tube, such Waste-chamber being provided with a valve to permit the efflux of fluid to the atmosphere and to prevent the influx of air to the chamber, substantially as and for the purpose described.

5. An injector having a lifter and a forcer,

. in which the lifter delivers the Water into a chamber or tube which has no outlet, except through the forcer, and in which the forcer is provided with a Waste-opening between the throat of its combining-'tube and the discharge end of itsV steam-jetv passage, Where smallest cross-sectional area of the forcer steam-jet passage, and in which the foreer is also provided with a Waste-opening at, or near, or beyond the throat of its combining-tube, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I 2o have hereunto set my hand this 10th day of July, 1886.

JOHN D. LYNDE. Witnesses.

Jos. T. SILL, R. L. WRIGHT, Jr.