US436134A - Baker s oven - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. P. HILOHER. BAKERS OVEN.

No. 436,134. Patenteept- 9, 1890.

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ELP. HILGHER.

BAKBRSOVEN. A

. Patentedgpt 9, 1890A.

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UNITED STATES LPATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD P. HILCHER, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.A

BAKERS OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 436,134, dated September 9, 1890.

Application tiled March l, 1890. Serial No. 342,313. l(No model.)

To all whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, EDWARD P. HILCIIER, a citizen of the United States,'residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bakers Ovens, of which the following is a specification.

` The object of my inventionis to obtain an oven in which an even and uniform heat can be secured, whereby articles placed in different parts of the oven will be baked in approximately the same time.

A further object of my invention is to obtain an oven in Which the heat required may be more easily secured and maintained than in the ovens heretofore constructed.

I have illustrated my invention by the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, in whichd Figure 1 is a front elevation of the oven. Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the oven on line 2 2 of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the oven on the level indicated by line 3 3 of Fig. l. Fig. 4 is a plan view on the level indicated by line 4. 4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a plan view on line 5 5 of Fig. l. Fig. 6 is a section on line 6 6 of Fig. 3, and Fig. 7 is a perspective of the several Ways and iiues indicated by the line 7 7 of Fig. 6.

Like letters refer to like parts throughout the several views.

X X are the external Walls of the bakers oven constructed by me.

X is a partition-wall extending from the base upon which the oven is built to the floor of the bakingchamber A, and from the front end Wall of the oven to the rear end wall thereof.

X2 is a vertical partition-Wall also extending from the front end Wall of the oven to the rear end Wall, and from the roof of the baking-chamber A to the top of the oven.

Yis an I-shaped rail or girder extending from one of the external end Walls of the oven to the other thereof and supported thereby.

Y are suspension-rods secured at the upper ends thereof in strap 1,', which extends around the I-shaped girderY and at the lower ends thereof attached to inverted -T rails Y2.

A is the baking-chamber of the oven. a is the roof thereof. Roof a consists of tiles or brick laid upon and supported by the rails Y2. The partition-Wall X2 is built around the suspension-rods Y upon this roof a.

B B are lire-pots, of which I construct two, one on each side of the partition X.

B is a flue extending from firefpots B B a short distance vertically in the partition-Wall X to near tne bottom of the baking-chamber A, thence horizonally to back of the iirepots B B, and thence underneath the floor of the baking-chamber to one of the external side Walls X of the oven, and thence in such side Wall to the chimney of the building in which the oven is built.

b is a damper in smoke and heat flue B. This iue B as will be'observed, forms a Way extending directly from the fire-pots BB to the lchimney when the damper b is open, and

the purpose of this Way I'nay be, brieiiy stated, to aiford a conduit in which the smoke and heat of the fire contained in the fire-pots may be taken from the oven Without hinderance and Without imparting much, if any, heat to the baking-chamber A. This Way afforded by the flue B is desirable in the building of a fire in the fire-pot, as Well as when the baking-chamber A is sufciently heated.

In the practical use of a bakers oven. the articles forming a part of the batch, so called, placed in the baking-chamber A are so placed therein at the rear end thereof be-z fore the articles are placed in the front end' thereof, and also the door in the front of the baking-chamber and through which articles are inserted into the baking-chamber is occasionally opened during the progress of baking, and cold air is thereby admitted into the front end of the baking-chamber.

The object of my invention is to obtain an oven having a baking-chamber in which all the articles placed therein to be baked will be uniformly so baked, notwithstanding the manner and order of placing the articles therein, as described, and the occasional opening of the door of the baking-chamber; and to this end I have constructed the tortuous Way, consisting of the several iiues C G, extending horizontally, or nearly so, underneath the door of the baking-chamber A to or near to the rear end wall of the oven, the return-fines C C to one side of the iues C C communicating with the iues C C, and extending from such point of communication forward to the front end wall of the oven, vertical iiues D D in the front end wall of the oven, such vertical fines communicating at their lower ends with fines C C and at their upper ends with iiues E E, flues E E directly above the baking-chamber A and extending horizontally, or nearly so, backward to the rear end wall, and return-fines E E communicating with iiues E and extending therefrom forward to near the front end wall, fines F F communieating with lues E E and extending back- Ward above iiues E E and E E horizontally, or nearly so, to cross-Iiues G G and communicating therewith, vertical fines II Il communicating with cross-dues G G, respectively, and iiues I I. Each of the fines I I communicates with the chimney, and thus a way is obtained through the several last above-described flues from the fire-pot to the chimney.

h is a damper in vertical flue H. By the use of damper h the Way or conduit aiforded by the several iiues C, C', D, E, E', F, G, II, and I may be opened or closed. W'hen the damper his open,the smoke and other heated products of combustion in the fire-pots B B will extend backward through that one of the ilues C C adjacent to partition X to the rear end wall of the oven, and in that one of the lues C adjacent to iiue C nearly to the rear end wall, passing from iiuesC C through openings C2 and C3 into the iiues C C', and then returning to the rfront end of the oven through iiues C C. From thence such smoke or other heated products of combustion will enter the vertical flue D and ascend to the Iiues E E E above the baking-oven, and' thence extend horizontally, or nearly so, through such flues to the back of the oven. From iiues E such smoke and other heated products of combustion pass into the returnflues E EE and extend along such iues to near the front of the oven, from thence passing to openings e e e into fines FF F, respectively, and then passing through such 'lues F F to near the rear end of the oven, will pass therefrom into the cross horizontal flue G, and from iiue G through vertical iiue II into iiue I, extending from the oven to the chim- Iyt will be observed that I have illustrated iue B' as communicating with flue I above damper 7L, so that such ue B forms a Way for the smoke and other heated products of combustion from the fire-pot B independent of the damper h, such way so formed by iiue B being controlled by damper b. It will also be observed that the horizontal fines C adjacent to partition-walls X extend to the rear end wall of the oven, at which point each of such iiues C adjacent to the partition-walls X communicates with the other of the Iiues C through opening C2, while between the others of the flues C and the fines C adjacent thereto there are placed the openings C3 in addition to the openings C2. This opening C3 being nearer the front end of the oven, smoke or other heated products of combustion extending from the fire-pot B backward through such flue ,C is permitted to pass therefrom into the next adjacent return-flue C before reaching the rear end of such flue C. The purpose of this construction of ilues C and C `is twofold-first, to decrease the size of such fines from that which would be required if but one Iiue C were employed, thereby enabling a greater number of heatunits to be abstracted from the mass of smoke and other heat-ed products of combustion passing through the fines C by such mass being brought in closer contact with the walls of the flues than it would be if there were but one iue C, and, secondly, to convey and guide a portion of the smoke and other heated products of combustion produced by theburning fuel in the lire-pot to the extreme rear end of the oven, while another portion thereof is permitted to return to the front end of the oven without having been conveyed to the extreme rear end thereof.

To afford means of escape of steam or other offensive mattercontained or generated within the baking-chamber, iiue K is constructed, extending from such baking-chamber to flue I, communicating therewith above damper h.

To clear the soot or other obstructions deposited in Hue C therefrom, an ordinary scraper having a long handle attached thereto may be inserted in such lues C C at the rear of the fire-pot B and such obstructions drawn forward into the lire-pot.

To clear obstructions from iiues C C', access is obtained thereto through openings placed in the front end wall of the oven opposite to the ends of the flues C C', respectively, such openings being closed, except when the iiues are being cleaned, by the removable cover L. Flues D D may also be cleaned through these openings over which the cover L is placed. flues E E, openings are made in the front end wall of the oven opposite such fines, such openings being closed by removable covers M. Access to iiues E E is obtained through the holes last described, which are closed by the removable covers M, and through the holes at the end of such fiues E', which are ordinarily closed by removable covers m; and, further, to remove the obstructions in fines F, openings are made in the front end wall of the oven at the end of such iues and removable covers N placed thereover.

To remove obstructions from that portion of flue B extending from partition-wall X to the external side Wall X, a hole is made in such external side wall and removable cover placed thereover.

oven I prefer to extend the flue B into that external side Wall thereof away from contact with the Walls of the building in which the oven is placed, in order to thus afford access To remove obstructions from In the construction of my IOO IIO

into the ue B through the hole last described, which is closed by the removable cover.

The operation of my oven is as follows: Dampers b and h h are all opened and a fire built in fire-pots B B. A direct way is afforded to flue B for the smoke and other heated products of combustion to pass from such firepot to the chimney. This way is closed when the re is Well started by closing damper b, whereupon such smokel and other heated products of combustion extend backward in I'lues C toward the rear of the oven, passing from iues C into iiues C and extending through such flues C forward to the front end of the oven, from thence extending through flues D upward into flues E E E, from thence to the rear of the oven and into flues E E', and again forward to near the front of the oven, thence passing into lues F, G, H, and I, as hereinbefore described. When the oven has attained sufficient heat and it is desired to maintain such heat Without increasing it, the damper b may be again opened, thus allowing the smoke and other heated products of combustion to pass from the fire-pot to the chimney through flue B.

In an oven constructed substantially as herein described a uniform heat throughout the several parts thereof maybe maintained, and thereby bread or other articles placed in the rear portion thereof are baked without burning when articles in the forward portion of such oven are sufciently baked to be removed therefrom.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

l. A bakers oven having fire-pots therein placed underneath the baking-chamber thereof and a iiue having a damper therein, such iiue extending from the fire-pots to the external side walls of the oven to the chimney of the building in which the oven is placed, in combination with horizontal flues forming a Way for the passage of smoke and extending from the fire-pot to the back part of the oven, return-nues adjacent thereto and communieating therewith extending to the front of the oven, a vertical flue communicating with and extending from such horizontal return-flue underneath lthe baking-chamber to and communicating with horizontal flues above the baking-chamber extending from the front to the rear ot such oven, return-fines communieating with the last-named ues' and extending to the front of the oven and there communicating with horizontal fiues placed thereover and extending to theback part of the oven and there communicating with a horizontal cross-due, a vertical ue having a damper therein, and with the chimney of the building in which the oven is placed, substantially as' described.

2. A bakers oven having fire-pots therein placed underneath the baking-chamber thereof, horizontal flues forming a way for the passage of smoke and extending from the firepots, respectively, to the back part of the oven, return-nues adjacent thereto and communicating therewith extending back to the front of the oven, a vertical ue communicating With and extending from such horizontal rcturn-ue underneath the baking-chamber to and communicating with horizontal ues above the baking-chamber extending from the front to the rear of such oven, return-lines communicating with the last-named fines and extending to the front of the oven and there communicating with horizontal iiues placed thereover extending to the back of the oven', a horizontal cross-Hue communicating with the last-named liue and with a vertical flue having a damper therein, and a flue extending therefrom to the chimney of the building` in which the oven is placed, in combination withremovable covers placed in the front wall of the oven opposite the end of the horizontal flues extending tothe front and rear Walls thereof, and removable covers placed at the end of the horizontal flues extending nearly to the front Wall of the oven, wherebyupon removing Suchremovable covers each and every one of such iues may be cleared of obstructions, substantially as described.

EDWARD P. HILCHER.

Witnesses: 1

CHARLES T. BROWN, FLORA L. BROWN.

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