US434577A - berg-mann - Google Patents

Description

3 'Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

P. W. BERGMANN. OVEN.

No. 434,577.A Patented Au 19, 1890 (No Modell) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2A F. W. BERGMANN.

OVEN.

Patented Aug. 19

me mum refine cu., moro-umn., wsmxmon, n. c.

(No Model.) Sheets-Shee-t 3.

F. W. BERGMANN.

OVEN.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRIEDRICHk WILHELM BERGMANN, OF BARMEN, GERMANY.

OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 434,577, dated August 19, V1890.

Application iiled December 14,1888. Serial No. 293,651- (No model.) Patented in Germany January 12. 1888,1I-44197. ill England November 8. 1888, No. 16.180; in Belgium november 1888, No. 83,881 in Isny November 20,1888. No. 24,476/ 841, and in AustriaLHnngary Tune 5, 1889, No. 45,530 and No. 7,868.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, FRIEDRICH WILHELM BERGMANN, of Barmen-Wupperfeld, in the Kingdom of' Prussia and German Empire, have invented new and useful Improvements in Ovens, (for which I have obtained patents,

as follows: in Germany, No. 44,197, dated' January 12, 1888; in Austria-Hungary, No. 45,530 and No. 7,868, dated June 5, 1889; in

1o England, No. 16,180, dated November 8, 1888; in Belgium, No. 83,881, dated November 8, 1888; andin Italy, No. 24,476 341, dated November 20, 1888,) otwhich the following is a specification, reference being had therein to I5 the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to ovens applicable for baking, japanning, drying, &c., and has for its objects, iirst, to enable the oven to be heated by gas; second, the prevention of soot 2o accumulatingin the lines; third, to enable the oven to be taken to pieces, and, fourth, to enable the heating-chamber of the oven to be enlarged or diminished.' y

An oven according to thisinvention is represented in the annexed drawings.

Figure 1 shows the mode of erecting an oven according to this invention in longitudinal section. Fig. 2 shows a plan section of the same, taken on the line 1 1 ot' Fig. 1;

3o Fig. 3, a plan section taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4,'a vertical section of an oven modified in construction, on the same sectionline as Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 a similar section with some further modifications.

I will proceed to describe in detail the construction and operation of an oven embodying my invention, and will then point out more definitely in claims Ithe particular improvements which I believe to be new and 4o wish to secure by Letters Patent.

In the drawings, a represents the fire-place of the oven, above which there is arranged a retort p, which is covered by a heating-plate o. The retort p has openings p in its sides,

and coal being placed in the retort and heated by the ire below gases'will be thrown off, which escape from these side openings into iiues t at each side. The side walls f of the tire-place turn outward at.their upper portions and are developed into plates d, which 5o extend outward horizontally to the sides of the oven and cover the space below, forming chambers c. In Figfl of the drawings these chambers do not extend outward to the sides of the oven; but between them and the outer wall c of the oven there are two chambers or spaces c2, in which the soot is deposited, as will behereinafter described. 'In Figs. 4 and 5 ot' the drawings this construction is modi- Iied by dispensing with the partition making two chambers, so that the chamber c, in which the soot is deposited, occupies the entire space between the outer wall and the fire-place.

Above the heating-plate ois a heating-chamber l, which is surrounded by the fines t below, t at the sides, and t2 above the chamber, the last-named lines extending from side to side and communicating with the side fines. A diaphragm or division-plate extends entirely across the oven immediately over the 7o dues t2, and above it may be arranged a second heating-chamber Z', underneath which are the flues t3, communicating with the side fines, and also communicating with the fines t2 below, by means of central openings sin 75 the diaphragm, which are regulated by sliding dampers of any ordinary construction. The lower ilues t communicate with the side flues t', and if more than one heating-chamber is employed the passage of the hot gases is thence up through the openings s and outward through the flues t3, again into the side iiues, thence upward into the top iiues t4, `and out through a central exit-tine w, which is regulated by an ordinary damper this be- 35 ing the direction of the draft, the force of which is regulated by the dampers at the openings s and the exit-damper az. The passage from the lower flues t to the side iiues t is partially obstructed by soot-arresters c for the purpose of stopping the soot which may be carried along with the gases from the fireplace. This may be done in various ways. In Fig. 1 vertical walls are shown at the junction between the two iiues, through which there are pertorations or openings for the passage of the gases. In Fig. 4 angular plates are shown at this junction, the horizontal portions of which partially close the lower ends of the side lines, and in Fig. 5 are upright plates similar to those in Fig. `l,butwithout any perforations. In all these cases there are openings in the plates d immediately in front of these soot-arresters downward into the soot-receivers, so that the soot caught or arrested by these devices will drop into the receivers below, whence it may be removed at pleasure. In the construction shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings this opening in the plates d extends outward beyond the upright soot-arresters, so that the circulation is downward through the openings in front and thence upward into the side tlues. The circulation in each case is indicated by arrows in the respective figures.

'lhe oven is constructed in sections, so that each heating-chamber will be in a separate section, and the sections are constructed so that they can be placed one above another in any number desired. Each section is provided at its upper edge with a surrounding flange z, which extends somewhat above the wall of the section to which it is attached, so as to receive the lower portion of the next section above. The sections are thus held together and the joints between them covered.

The dampers governing the openings s are provided with suitable handles ln., to which the usual rods may be attached and extended to the outside of the oven for the purpose of moving the dampers.

A door b at the base of the oven and at one side thereof opens into the fire-place, and there are of course the usual doors provided for opening into the heating-chambers.

If it is desired to provide an ovenwith a larger heating-chamber than the chambers Z or l', two sections are used without the horizontal middle lines 152153, and with no top to the lower one or bottom to the upper one, and the horizontal diaphragm or division-plate is removed. The two sections are then arranged as already described, thereby forming one large heating-chamber, as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings, in which there are bottom iues t, side fines z5', and upper flues t4, openinginto the exitiiue w, without any cross-circulation midway of the oven,like that provided forin Figs. l and 5 of the drawings.

When the oven is constructed as shown in Fig. l of the drawings, with chambers C between the lire-place and the outer walls, the

charged with coal and a fire is heat generated is better retained in t-he iireplace by reason of the intervening chambers.

'lo put the oven in operation the retort p is started and kept burning on the fire-place a, which heats the retort and coal therein. Coal gases are generated by the heat within the retort, and escaping through the openings p are ignited by the iirein the lire-place below, thus greatly increasing'the heat. The highly-heated gases pass from the lower fines t into the rising side iiues t', the arrestcrs c stopping the soot 65 which will be driven against them and causing it to drop into the receiving-chambers below. The hot gases pass up the side iues t and thence into the cross-flues t, through the openings s into the fiues t3 of the next seotion, and thence out to the side lines again and up to the exit-flue, as already described; or when there is but one large heating-chamber the gases pass'directly up the side lines to the upper fines t4 and exit-flue, as already stated.

Changes may be made in some details of construction and arrangement, and I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the precise details herein ishown and dcscribed.

What I claim, anddesire to secure by Let-- ters Patent of the United States,is-

l. In an oven, theheating-chamber, in combination with the side lilies t', arranged on two opposite sides of the chamber, the fireplace a, arranged centrally below the heatingchamber, a retort p, arranged just above thc open top of the fire-place, parallel to the sides of the oven, provided with lines, and having openings p along its sides, and filles t, arranged one on each side of the retort and leading from the lire-place below the latter outward and underneath the heating-chamber to the respective side fines t', substantially as and for the purposes specified.

2. In an oven, two or more heating-chambers Z l', arranged one above the other, in combination with the side fines t', the two horizontal lines t2 t3, arranged between the IOO heating-chambers and extending from one v side flue to the other, the partition between the fiues t2 t3, provided with openings s, arranged centrally of the chambers, dampers for opening and closing said openings, the fire-place a, arranged centrally below the chambers, and the flues t at the bottom of the oven leading outward therefrom to opposite sides of the oven and connecting respectively with the side fluest, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. In an oven,the heating-chamber, incombination with the side Iiues t', the fire-place a, arranged centrally below the heatingeham bers, the bottom lues t, running outward from the fire-place and connecting respectively with the said side fines, the soot-spaces c2, arranged underneath the flues t, having a connection with the latter near their outer ends, and the soot-arrester c, substantiallyas and for the purposes specified.

In witness whereof l have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

FRIEDRICH WILHELM BERGM ANN. Witnesses;

CARL KRGER, EWALD KIMHoFF.

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