US4260458A - Coke oven construction for the continuous coking of briquettes from hard or soft coal or peat - Google Patents

Coke oven construction for the continuous coking of briquettes from hard or soft coal or peat Download PDF

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Publication number
US4260458A
US4260458A US05/964,890 US96489078A US4260458A US 4260458 A US4260458 A US 4260458A US 96489078 A US96489078 A US 96489078A US 4260458 A US4260458 A US 4260458A
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flues
heating
coke oven
air
discharge
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US05/964,890
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English (en)
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Heinrich Weber
Kurt Lorenz
Horst Dungs
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Carl Still GmbH and Co KG
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Carl Still GmbH and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B3/00—Coke ovens with vertical chambers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to coke ovens in general and, in particular, to new and useful vertical chamber ovens arranged in batteries for the continuous coking of briquettes from hard coal, soft coal or peat, with heating by heating walls arranged laterally of the oven chambers, which are subdivided by binder walls into individual heating flues and to which fuel gases are fed through foot nozzles and combustion air through vertical ducts in the binder walls and through lateral slots originating from the ducts and leading to the heating flues at several levels, as well as an offtake in the upper range for the coke oven gases.
  • Rich gases or lean gases can be introduced into the heating flues from the bottom through nozzles and the combustion air is introduced at different levels of the heating flues through ducts in the binders and slots leading from the binders into the heating flue.
  • a battery with vertical oven chambers wherein the heating is effected by heating walls with vertical heating flues into which the combustion air is introduced at different levels is also described in German Pat. No. 1,952,621 (See FIG. 4).
  • the known vertical chamber batteries are suitable for the continuous or discontinuous coking of coal with good coking properties which require merely fine grinding as a preparation for the coking. These coals are introduced, for example, from the top into the oven chambers, and the glowing lumpy coke is withdrawn from the bottom and quenched.
  • preliminary treatment In the coking of fine-grained, barely-caking or noncaking hard coal, soft coal or peat in the known vertical chamber ovens, it is not possible to produce lumpy coke.
  • these fine coals require preliminary treatment.
  • One type of preliminary treatment consists in first pressing the fine coals into briquettes with water, tar bitumen or other binders.
  • special temperature gradients In order to avoid great losses in strength during the subsequent coking of the "green" briquettes, and in order to maintain the briquette form during the thermal treatment, special temperature gradients must be maintained over certain periods so that the briquettes do not show internal stresses which cause disintegration.
  • the present invention provides an indirect heat supply for coking the preheated and predried briquettes and, for this purpose, vertical chamber ovens are arranged in batteries in such a way that, with an effective height of 10 m to 20 m, and particularly 10 m to 15 m, two feed ducts for combustion air are arranged under the heating walls.
  • the binder wall ducts of adjacent heating flue binders are connected alternately with one or the other feed duct.
  • the air slots of adjacent heating flue binder walls are arranged at different levels and all heating flue binder ducts, arranged in the upper range of the heating flues, are assigned to the same air feed duct as the air slots arranged in the lower range.
  • the bottom air feed slot is arranged approximately at the level of the foot nozzle end and lateral intervals of 800 mm to 1000 mm are maintained between the various air slots of a binder. The same interval is also maintained between the group of the lower and upper air slots of two adjacent binders. With a height of 10 m of the heating flue, each binder has two vertically spaced air slots. With greater heights, their number increases, and with a height of 15 m, three vertically spaced air slots are provided for each binder.
  • the temperature of the dried briquettes in the upper third of the oven chamber it is possible to increase the temperature of the dried briquettes in the upper third of the oven chamber to about 350° C. to 450° C.
  • the temperature is increased to about 800° C. to 900° C. and, in the last third, to about 1000° C. In this way, coke briquettes which are both hard and pressure-proof are obtained.
  • the fuel gas feed duct can also be provided with heat insulation.
  • air can be injected from time to time through the fuel gas nozzles into the heating flues to control the temperature.
  • the heating gas feed is provided with a connection to an air line, while all safety devices are maintained. It is also possible to effect the temperature control by sliding blocks arranged in a known manner at the transitions from the heating flues in an upper horizontal duct for the exhaust of combustion gases.
  • the coked briquettes can now be cooled in any desired manner.
  • a special coke cooling device comprising refractory steel, adjoins the coking chamber directly without a special transition, and lateral gas outlets for the heated cooling gas are distributed over the entire length of the chamber in regular intervals at the upper end of the cooling stage for a cooling gas cycle. They consist of recesses in the cooling chamber wall and are adjoined by gas outlet ducts.
  • the transverse gas outlet ducts pass over into a longitudinal duct which is dimensioned so that the velocity of the gas is less than 1 m/sec and the entrained dust can settle in a lower conical part of the longitudinal duct.
  • This lower conical part is preferably designed as a trough, on which a conveyor device for the dust is arranged.
  • the collected dust is discharged from the coke cooling system through known sluices.
  • the cooled coke issues at the bottom end of the cooling stage through specially designed flues and gas-tight sluices, drops onto clearing tables, and is cleared and evacuated with known clearing- and conveyor means.
  • the cooling gas free of dust, is cooled in a heat-exchanger in which the combustion air for heating the battery can be preheated.
  • the circulated cooling gas is surprisingly a hydrogen-rich heating gas and is in contrast to the coke oven gas proper, which is withdrawn at the top from the vertical chambers. It contains, including the so-called heavy hydrocarbons, e.g., about 68% hydrogen and about 27% carbon monoxide (% by volume) and its lower calorific value is about 2720 kcal/Nm 3 .
  • the coke oven gas on the otherhand consists of about 33% hydrogen, about 22% carbon monoxide and about 22% methane, and its calorific value is about 3550 kcal/Nm 3 (including the heavy hydrocarbons).
  • the heating of the coking stage is normally achieved with the coke oven gas from the coking stage which is fed after cooling and cleaning, to the rich gas nozzles of the heating flues for combustion, but the hydrogen-rich gas which is withdrawn from the cooling gas cycle can also be used for this purpose. To this end, it is sufficient to provide a gas outlet from the cooling gas cycle which is connected to the fuel gas supply of the battery.
  • the briquettes to be coked are, for example, dried briquettes, preheated to 150° C., which are produced from most fine coals with or without binders, or those produced from dry fine coals with crude tar, for example, as a binder.
  • So-called "hot briquettes" which already have an inherent temperature of about 420° C., from their production process, can also be used. This higher inlet temperature of the briquettes then takes the temperature control in the vertical chamber into account.
  • Briquettes of soft coal, hard coal, peat or mixtures of these substances can be used.
  • the drying of fine coal can be effected, for example, in a flying stream dryer. This type of drying is preferred if a part of the grinding is to be done this way, since an additional comminution effect is produced.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a coke oven for the continuous coking of briquettes from hard coal, soft coal or peat, which includes a plurality of heating walls or binder walls which subdivide the coke oven into a plurality of vertically elongated heating flues and which include nozzles in each binder wall for discharging rich gases either directly into the flues or into air ducts which are arranged in each of the binder walls, and wherein, alternate ones of the air ducts have discharges into the flues at different levels than the others and are separately connected to an air supply duct.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a coke oven for the continuous coking of briquettes from hard or soft coal or peat, which is simple in design, rugged in construction, and economical to manufacture.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram indicating the temperature gradient over the height of the heating flue with a coke oven constructed in accordance with the invention and using soft coal briquettes;
  • FIG. 2a is a partial, longitudinal sectional view, through a vertical coking oven chamber, indicating the lefthand side thereof;
  • FIG. 2b is a view similar to FIG. 2a indicating the right side portion of the coke oven
  • FIG. 3 is a horizontal section taken along the line 3--3 of FIG. 2a;
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical section taken along the line 4--4 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a vertical section through the cooling stage taken along the line 5--5 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a partial longitudinal sectional view through the cooling stage of the coke oven below the portion indicated in FIG. 2a.
  • the invention embodied therein, comprises a coke oven which, as seen in FIGS. 2a, 2b, 3 and 4, includes a plurality of coke oven chambers 1, an exhaust port 2 for coke oven gases, which connects with a covered longitudinal duct 3 arranged at the upper end of the individual flues 8 which are separated from heating flue binder walls 10.
  • a plurality of vertically elongated heating flues 8 are arranged side-by-side supplied with a rich gas through a rich-gas feed duct 15 which communicate therewith, through gas connecting ducts 14 at the lower ends of the binder walls, for discharge through nozzles 13 into the lower ends of the heating flues 8.
  • air is fed through an air duct 16 which separately and alternately connects with either first air feed binder ducts 11a or second air ducts 11b.
  • the first air feed ducts 11a extend upwardly in the binder walls 10 between adjacent flues and have slot discharges 12a which feed into the heating flues 8 on each side at two separate levels.
  • the second air feed ducts 11b have discharges 12b into the flues on alternate sides of the binder walls with which they are associated at two levels which are higher than the levels of the ducts 11a.
  • the heating gases which move up through the heating flues are collected in a horizontal offtake 18.
  • a nose 5 projects into the oven and deflects any briquettes which may tend to exit into the gas outlet 6.
  • Gas outlet 6 includes a bend with a locking device 6a and an injection nozzle 6b through which a cooling liquid is directed into the outlet.
  • Gas outlet 6 opens into a receiver 7.
  • the binder walls which border the flues 8 are referred to the heating walls 9.
  • the flue binders 10 define the binder air ducts 11a and 11b. Air is fed directly into the air feed duct 16 which has separate passages for connecting separate ducts 11a and 11b. Opening 17 from the heating flue 8 leads to the horizontal offtake 18.
  • Regulating blocks 19 are positioned to control the flow of the heating gases upwardly into the horizontal offtake 18. Inspection holes 20 are provided with observation means 21 which make it possible to control the temperature in the heating flues 8 by observation.
  • FIG. 4 shows the air supply to the heating flues in detail and the evacuation of the burned heating gases.
  • cold gas supply pockets 22 are shown for cooling the coke in a cooling chamber 1a. Cooling gas becomes heated during the cooling process and is permitted to pass out through exhaust ports 23. The cooling gases are exhausted through openings 23 which are uniformly distributed over the length of the chamber. The hot cooling gases flow through groove openings 24 into a horizontal collecting flue 25.
  • the construction includes a trough-shaped bottom part 26 disposed below the collecting flue 25 for the removal of dust which is effected by a conveyor screw 27 located at the bottom of the trough-shaped bottom part 26.
  • the lower ends of the cooling chamber 1a are provided with discharge pockets 28 which terminate in horizontal plane surfaces 29 which are shown in both FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • Rotating forks 30 are carried on these surfaces and they move in a counterclockwise direction, as indicated by the arrow, to regularly direct the coke out of the discharge pockets 28 and onto a conveyor 31.
  • the rotating forks operate to insure a uniform sinking of the coke material over the entire length of the oven chamber. This is a prerequisite to the obtaining of a uniform height and temperature profile over the entire height of the oven chamber.
  • the conveyor 31 moves the coke into a cross-duct 33 having a transfer conveyor 34 which receives the coke of the entire battery and conveys it for removal from the plant.
  • This coke is cooled coke which has a temperature of about 30° C. in the discharge pocket 28 and can thus be safely exposed to atmosphere.
  • the coke oven is supported by columns 36 and baseplates 37 on a suitable foundation structure.
  • the vertical chamber ovens of the invention can be made at a height of 10 m and more without any difficulty in respect to the fastening thereof. Such ovens are also called high capacity coking ovens.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
US05/964,890 1977-12-17 1978-11-30 Coke oven construction for the continuous coking of briquettes from hard or soft coal or peat Expired - Lifetime US4260458A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2756330A DE2756330C2 (de) 1977-12-17 1977-12-17 Vertikalkammer-Verkokungsöfen in batterieweiser Anordnung zum kontinuierlichen Verkoken von Briketts aus Stein-, Braunkohle oder Torf
DE2756330 1977-12-17

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JP (1) JPS5916587B2 (ja)
DE (1) DE2756330C2 (ja)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4338161A (en) * 1980-04-10 1982-07-06 Firma Carl Still Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for dry cooling glowing coke
US4344823A (en) * 1980-04-16 1982-08-17 Firma Carl Still Gmbh & Co. Kg. Discharging method and apparatus for dry coke cooling chambers
US4544451A (en) * 1982-01-23 1985-10-01 Firma Carl Still Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus with two-stage heating for carbonizing cold-compacted briquettes
US6354423B1 (en) 1998-02-05 2002-03-12 Hubertus Exner Method and device for distributing a flow of bulk material amongst several sub-flows
US7086856B1 (en) 1997-08-01 2006-08-08 Lazar Enterprises Pty Ltd Carbon baking furnace
US20090032383A1 (en) * 2006-02-08 2009-02-05 Gregory Abramovich Berezin Method and device for producing coke from noncaking coals
CN106353159A (zh) * 2016-09-08 2017-01-25 华北科技学院 一种混合热压成型制作煤样的装置及方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3245551C1 (de) * 1982-12-09 1984-02-09 Dr. C. Otto & Co Gmbh, 4630 Bochum Koksofenbatterie
DE3344106A1 (de) * 1983-12-07 1985-06-13 Carl Still Gmbh & Co Kg, 4350 Recklinghausen Verfahren und vorrichtung zum diskontinuierlichen betrieb von vertikalkammerverkokungsoefen

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1704686A (en) * 1922-04-22 1929-03-05 Koppers Co Inc Regenerative heating furnace
US1738743A (en) * 1926-03-20 1929-12-10 Koppers Co Inc Vertical retort oven
US3054728A (en) * 1956-03-26 1962-09-18 Still Carl Dry distillation process and apparatus
US3488259A (en) * 1967-03-23 1970-01-06 Walter Grumm Vertical flue coke oven having burners of enlarged dimensions
US3730847A (en) * 1970-12-07 1973-05-01 Otto & Co Gmbh Dr C Plural gas mains for independently operating low and high burners in alternative flue
US3801470A (en) * 1970-03-19 1974-04-02 Still Fa Carl Heating arrangement for regenerative coke oven batteries heated with rich gas or lean gas

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB670301A (en) * 1949-06-18 1952-04-16 William David Jones Improvements in or relating to ovens for the production of gas and coke

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1704686A (en) * 1922-04-22 1929-03-05 Koppers Co Inc Regenerative heating furnace
US1738743A (en) * 1926-03-20 1929-12-10 Koppers Co Inc Vertical retort oven
US3054728A (en) * 1956-03-26 1962-09-18 Still Carl Dry distillation process and apparatus
US3488259A (en) * 1967-03-23 1970-01-06 Walter Grumm Vertical flue coke oven having burners of enlarged dimensions
US3801470A (en) * 1970-03-19 1974-04-02 Still Fa Carl Heating arrangement for regenerative coke oven batteries heated with rich gas or lean gas
US3730847A (en) * 1970-12-07 1973-05-01 Otto & Co Gmbh Dr C Plural gas mains for independently operating low and high burners in alternative flue

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4338161A (en) * 1980-04-10 1982-07-06 Firma Carl Still Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for dry cooling glowing coke
US4344823A (en) * 1980-04-16 1982-08-17 Firma Carl Still Gmbh & Co. Kg. Discharging method and apparatus for dry coke cooling chambers
US4544451A (en) * 1982-01-23 1985-10-01 Firma Carl Still Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus with two-stage heating for carbonizing cold-compacted briquettes
US4683030A (en) * 1982-01-23 1987-07-28 Heinrich Weber Method for carbonizing cold-compacted briquettes
US7086856B1 (en) 1997-08-01 2006-08-08 Lazar Enterprises Pty Ltd Carbon baking furnace
US6354423B1 (en) 1998-02-05 2002-03-12 Hubertus Exner Method and device for distributing a flow of bulk material amongst several sub-flows
US20090032383A1 (en) * 2006-02-08 2009-02-05 Gregory Abramovich Berezin Method and device for producing coke from noncaking coals
CN106353159A (zh) * 2016-09-08 2017-01-25 华北科技学院 一种混合热压成型制作煤样的装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2756330A1 (de) 1979-06-21
JPS5916587B2 (ja) 1984-04-16
JPS5495602A (en) 1979-07-28
DE2756330C2 (de) 1984-05-03

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