US4234763A - Feeding bridge with d.c.-compensation for both directions of the feed current - Google Patents

Feeding bridge with d.c.-compensation for both directions of the feed current Download PDF

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Publication number
US4234763A
US4234763A US06/055,844 US5584479A US4234763A US 4234763 A US4234763 A US 4234763A US 5584479 A US5584479 A US 5584479A US 4234763 A US4234763 A US 4234763A
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terminal
winding
terminals
transistor circuit
input
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Expired - Lifetime
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US06/055,844
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English (en)
Inventor
Eise C. Dijkmans
Barend Ijff
Antonius H. J. Reuvekamp
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M19/00—Current supply arrangements for telephone systems
    • H04M19/001—Current supply source at the exchanger providing current to substations
    • H04M19/003—Arrangements for compensation of the DC flux in line transformers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a feeding bridge comprising a pair of terminals for connection to a transmission line, an isolation transformer having a first, a second, a third and a fourth primary winding with equal number of turns, each having a beginning and an end, a secondary winding and an isolating capacitor, one side of the capacitor being connected to the end of the first winding and being coupled to the end of the second winding, the other side of the isolating capacitor being connected to the beginning of the fourth winding and coupled to the beginning of the third winding, the beginning of the first winding and the end of the fourth winding being connected to the terminals, the beginning of the second winding being connected to a first terminal of a voltage source and the end of a third winding being connected to a second terminal of the voltage source, one side of the capacitor being coupled to a low-impedance input of a first transistor circuit through a first supply resistor and a first high-impedance output of the first transistor circuit being connected to the end of the second winding, the first transistor compris
  • Such a feeding bridge is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,110,636 and can be used in telecommunication exchanges having a central battery supply, such as telephone exchanges.
  • this feeding bridge It is inter alia an object of this feeding bridge to protect the exchange from foreign influences from local exchange networks.
  • This is realised by means of a transformer.
  • the voice currents which flow in the transmission line pass through the first and the fourth winding of the transformer via the capacitor connected between these windings, which causes these currents to be transformed to the secondary winding.
  • the feed current passes through all four windings which are connected two by two in the reverse direction so that the polarizing influence of the feedcurrent in the windings one and four on the core of the transformer is compensated for by the influence of the feedcurrent in the windings two and three.
  • the first transistor circuit prevents the voice currents from flowing to the voltage source via the windings two and three.
  • the electric isolation obtained by means of the transformer makes it possible for marking voltages and hold currents of the telephone channel network to be selected independently of the supply voltage and the current in the subscriber's line.
  • this feeding bridge has the drawback that the direction of the current on the subscriber's line is limited to one value so that, inter alia, ringing by means of polarity reversal is not possible.
  • the bridge circuit according to the invention is therefore characterized in that the feeding bridge comprises a fifth and a sixth primary winding having a number of turns which is equal to the other primary windings.
  • the beginning of the fifth winding is connected to a second terminal of the voltage source and the end of the fifth winding is connected to a second high-impedance output of the first transistor circuit and the first transistor circuit comprises a third control terminal.
  • the end of the sixth winding is connected to the first terminal of the voltage source and the beginning of the sixth winding is connected to a second high-impedance output of the second transistor circuit and the transistor circuit comprises a fourth control terminal, means being present which are connected to the first, the second, the third and the fourth control terminal for reversing the direction of the current in the transmission line.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a feeding bridge according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a feeding bridge according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a transistor circuit for the feeding bridge according to the invention shown in FIG. 1, and
  • FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of a transistor circuit for the feeding bridge according to the invention shown in FIG. 1.
  • the feeding bridge shown in FIG. 1 comprises an isolation transformer 1 having six primary windings 2 to 7 inclusive each having the same number of turns and at least one secondary winding 8.
  • An isolating capacitor 9 is arranged between the end of the first winding 2 and the beginning of the sixth winding 7.
  • Two terminals 10 and 11 are connected to the beginning of the first winding 2 and to the end of the sixth winding 7, respectively.
  • a subscriber's set 14 is connected to the terminals 10 and 11 through the wires 12 and 13 of a subscriber's line.
  • a voice current supplied by the subscriber's set flows from the subscriber's set 14 through wire 12, terminal 10, the first winding 2, capacitor 9, the sixth winding 7, terminal 11 and wire 13 back to subscriber's set 14.
  • the fluxes generated in the windings 2 and 7 by the voice currents have the same direction and induce in the secondary winding 8 a voltage which is proportional to these voice currents.
  • the voice signals generated by the subscriber's set 14 are thus transferred through this feeding bridge to the exchange connected to the secondary winding 8.
  • this feeding bridge comprises a first transistor circuit 17 which is connected to the end of the second winding 3 and the end of the third winding 4 and a second transistor circuit 18 which is connected to the beginning of the fourth winding 5 and the beginning of the fifth winding 6.
  • the first and second transistor circuits 17 and 18 are connected through supply resistors 15 and 16 to the end of the first winding 2 and the beginning of the sixth winding 7, respectively.
  • the beginning of the third winding 4 and the end of the fourth winding 5 are connected to a first terminal 19 and the beginning of the second winding 3 and the end of the fifth winding 6 are connected to a second terminal 20.
  • the supply current is produced by a voltage source which is connected between the terminals 19 and 20, which voltage source is connected to that terminal 20 carries a voltage which is more negative than the voltage at terminal 19.
  • the transistor circuit 17 comprises single transistors 21 and 22 which are complementary to one another and transistor circuit 18 also comprises single transistors 23 and 24 which are also complementary to one another.
  • the collectors of these high-impedance transistors are connected to the end of the second winding 3, the end of the third winding 4, the beginning of the fourth winding 5 and the beginning of the fifth winding 6.
  • the emitters of the transistors 21 and 22 are interconnected to the first supply resistor 15 and the emitters of the transistors 23 and 24 are interconnected to the second supply resistor 16.
  • the emitters of the transistors 21, 22, 23 and 24 have a low impedance.
  • the bases of the transistors 21, 22, 23 and 24 are connected to the control terminals 25, 26, 27 and 28.
  • the control terminals 25, 26 and 27, 28 are supplied in known manner with, for example, complementary square-wave signals, which ensures that transistors 21 and 23 are cutoff if transistors 22 and 24 are conductive and vice versa. In the case where transistors 21 and 23 are cutoff and consequently transistors 22 and 24 conduct, the d.c.
  • feed current flows from terminal 19 through the third winding 4, transistor 22, the first supply resistor 15, the first winding 2, terminal 10, cable 12, subscriber's set 14 with closed switch-hook, cable 13, terminal 11, the sixth winding 7, the second supply resistor 16, transistor 24, the fifth winding 6 to terminal 20.
  • the feed current flows through the windings 2, 4, 6, 7 in such a way that the fluxes generated in the windings 4 and 6 are opposite to those generated in the windings 2 and 7 and, owing to the equal number of turns, the fluxes generated by the feed currents in the winding 2 and 7 are compensated by those in the windings 4 and 6.
  • This feed current path is indicated in FIG. 1 by means of a bold line.
  • the direction of the direct current in the subscriber's line is not limited to the direction of the current path indicated by the bold line.
  • the transistors 21 and 23 conduct and, consequently, the transistors 22 and 24 are cutoff, the complementary situation occurs.
  • the feed direct current in the subscriber's line has reversed its direction. In this case the flux generated in the windings 2 and 7 are compensated for by the windings 3 and 5.
  • the advantage is maintained that an isolation transformer having a comparatively small core is sufficient.
  • a ringing signal and metering pulses can be added by including a signal source, for example in the form of a transformer, in series with the first supply resistor 15 and the second supply resistor 16.
  • the high impedances of the collectors of the transistors 21, 22, 23 and 24 prevent the voltages induced in the windings 4 and 6 or 3 and 5 by the voice current flowing in the windings 2 and 7 from causing a current to flow via the voltage source, so that the speech signals in this feeding bridge are not additionally attenuated.
  • the low-ohmic impedance of the emitters of the transistors 21, 22, 23 and 24 have the advantage that voltages which are produced as a result of a longitudinal noise signal are limited in the feeding bridge.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment according to the invention and shows in greater detail how the control signals can be realised.
  • control terminal 25 of the first transistor circuit 17 is connected to the second terminal 20 through a first diode 29 and a first switch 30, which is shown in the drawing in the open state.
  • control terminal 25 is connected to the second terminal 20 through a first resistor 31.
  • Control terminal 26 is connected to the first terminal 19 through a second diode 32 and a switch 33, which is complementary to switch 30.
  • control terminal 26 is connected to control terminal 25 through third and fourth series-arranged diodes 34 and 35 and to the first terminal 19 through a second resistor 36.
  • the common junction of diode 29 and switch 30 is connected to the common junction of diode 32 and switch 33. Strictly speaking this connection is superfluous but is introduced because then a practical four-diodes-in-one envelope, a so-called Graetz circuit, can be used.
  • the diodes are oriented as shown in the figure.
  • the first diode 29 and the second diode 32 serve to prevent the transistors 21 and 22, respectively, from being driven to the saturation state by the alternating currents flowing in the windings 3 and 4, respectively, included in the collector lead.
  • Diodes 34 and 35 form, together with the resistors 31 and 36, a current setting for the transistors 21 and 22.
  • the first transistor circuit 17 operates as follows. If the switches 30, 33 are in the position shown in the drawing, the emitter potential of npn transistor 22 is lower than the base potential so that the transistor 22 will conduct. The emitter potential of pnp transistor 21 is higher than the base potential so that the transistor 21 will be cutoff. The feed current will be able to flow from the third winding 4 to the first winding 2 via transistor 22 and the first supply resistor 15. If switch 30 is closed and switch 33 is opened then transistor 21 will conduct and transistor 22 will be cutoff. Now the feed current will flow from the first winding 2 to the second winding 3 through the first supply resistor 15 and transistor 21. In this case the feed current in the subscriber's line has a direction which is the reverse of that described for the previous case.
  • Control terminal 27 of the second transistor circuit 18 is connected to the firsst terminal 19 through a diode 37 and a third switch 38 which is shown in the drawing in the open state. In addition, control terminal 27 is also connected to the first connecting terminal 19 through a third resistor 39.
  • Control terminal 28 is connected to the second terminal 20 through a sixth diode 40 and a switch 41 which is complementary to switch 38. In addition, control terminal 28 is connected to control terminal 27 through seventh and eighth series-arranged diodes 42 and 43, and to the second terminal 20 through a fourth resistor 44.
  • the common junction of diode 37 and switch 38 is connected to the common junction of diode 40 and switch 41.
  • the second transistor circuit 18 operates in exactly the same manner as the first transistor circuit 17.
  • the total feeding bridge operates as follows:
  • junction voltages of transistors 21 and 22 and diodes 34 and 35 of transistor circuit 17 must be equal to one another to prevent a transient of the emitter potential of transistors 21 and 22 from occurring when the direction is reversed. This also holds for transistor circuit 18.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a transistor circuit wherein this problem is obviated by the use of an operational amplifier in the feedback path.
  • FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the second transistor circuit 18 for use in a feeding bridge shown in FIG. 1.
  • the first transistor circuit 17 is arranged in a corresponding manner.
  • the emitters of the transistors 23 and 24 are connected to the inverting input of an operational amplifier 46 through a resistor 45.
  • the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 46 is connected to ground potential.
  • the output of the operational amplifier 46 is connected to control terminals 27 and 28.
  • the emitter potential of the transistors 23 and 24 is negatively fed back by the operational amplifier 45 so that the transient of the emitter potential is reduced very strongly (reduction factor 1/(1+ ⁇ A), A being the open-loop gain of the operational amplifier and ⁇ being the ratio of the values of resistor 48 to the sum of resistor 48 and resistor 45).
  • the operational amplifier 46 makes it possible to connect a voltage source having a voltage V l , to terminal 47 which voltage source is coupled to the inverting input through the resistor 48. Then the feed potential can be adjusted proportionally to V i .
  • V i the potential of the common emitter junction of transistors 23 and 24 will vary between approximately -V B and V B if V i varies from +V B /10 to -V B /10.
  • This circuit has the advantage that the possible transient in the emitter potential which occurs when the direction of the current is reversed is very strongly reduced.
  • the operational amplifier 46 is at the same time an inverting amplifier. It is, however, alternatively possible to use the operational amplifier 46 as a non-inverting amplifier.
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the second transistor circuit 18.
  • the first transistor circuit 17 is arranged in a corresponding manner.
  • An amplifier stage including the transistors 49, 50, 51 and 52 has been included after the operational amplifier 46.
  • the bases of the transistors 49 and 50 are interconnected to the output of the operational amplifier 46.
  • the collector of transistor 49 is connected to the first terminal 19 through a resistor 53 and to the base of transistor 51.
  • the collector of transistor 50 is connected to the second terminal 20 through a resistor 54 and to the base of transistor 52.
  • the emitters of the transistors 49 and 50 are interconnected to the control terminal 28 through a capacitor 55 and to ground through a resistor 56.
  • the emitter of transistor 51 is connected to the first terminal 19 through a resistor 57 and the collector of transistor 51 is connected to control terminal 27 and to control terminal 28.
  • the emitter of transistor 52 is connected to the second terminal 20 through a resistor 58 whereas its collector is connected to control terminal 28.
  • the circuit operates as follows.
  • the transistors 49 and 50 serve as voltage/current converters, either transistor 49 conducting and transistor 50 being cutoff, or transistor 50 being conductive and transistor 49 being cutoff. Owing to the current in the collector lead of transistor 49 or 50 the resulting voltage drop across resistor 53 or 54 will cause transistor 51 or transistor 52 to conduct. Thereafter, the collector potential of the transistors 51, 52 determines which of the two transistors 23 and 24 will conduct.
  • the gain of the amplifier stage formed by the transistors 49 or 50 is determined by the ratio of the values of resistors 53 and 56 or 54 and 56 and the gain of the transistors 51 or 52 is determined by the ratio of the impedance at the collectors of the transistors 51 or 52 and the value of resistors 57 or 58.
  • the gain for higher frequencies is reduced to unity by the coupling capacitor 55.
  • the output voltage at the emitters of transistors 23 and 24 is independent of the supply voltage of the operational amplifier 46, the supply voltage which is connected to the first and the second terminals 19 and 20 can be temporarily increased or decreased, respectively.
  • a ringing signal of a metering signal is then applied to terminal 47, the ringing signal or the metering signal will then be produced at the output, that is to say at the emitters of the transistors 23 and 24.
  • This has the advantage that the transformer which otherwise would be included in series with the first and the second supply resistors 15 and 16 for the introduction of the ringing and metering signals can then be dispensed with.
  • transistor circuits 17 and 18 are not limited to the implementation shown in the embodiments of FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4, but that they may, for example, also comprise a Darlington circuit or a MOSFET etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Devices For Supply Of Signal Current (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
US06/055,844 1978-07-19 1979-07-09 Feeding bridge with d.c.-compensation for both directions of the feed current Expired - Lifetime US4234763A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7807706 1978-07-19
NL7807706A NL7807706A (nl) 1978-07-19 1978-07-19 Voedingsbrug met d.c.-compensatie voor beide richtin- gen van de voedingstroom.

Publications (1)

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US4234763A true US4234763A (en) 1980-11-18

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ID=19831270

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US06/055,844 Expired - Lifetime US4234763A (en) 1978-07-19 1979-07-09 Feeding bridge with d.c.-compensation for both directions of the feed current

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US (1) US4234763A (nl)
JP (1) JPS5516598A (nl)
AU (1) AU4894279A (nl)
BE (1) BE877752A (nl)
DE (1) DE2927282A1 (nl)
FR (1) FR2431805A1 (nl)
GB (1) GB2026286B (nl)
NL (1) NL7807706A (nl)
SE (1) SE7906122L (nl)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4524246A (en) * 1982-07-07 1985-06-18 Harris Corporation SLIC II--common-mode current rejection
US4539443A (en) * 1981-04-24 1985-09-03 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Direct current magnetized hybrid transformer
US4607142A (en) * 1984-07-27 1986-08-19 Itt Corporation Transformer flux compensation circuit

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3300588A (en) * 1963-01-03 1967-01-24 Flowers Thomas Harold Line circuits for subscribers' telephones
US3959718A (en) * 1973-06-15 1976-05-25 Oki Electric Industry Company, Ltd. Direct current supply source
US4027235A (en) * 1976-08-13 1977-05-31 Gte Automatic Electric Laboratories Incorporated Direct current compensation circuit with current threshold detection
US4056691A (en) * 1977-01-05 1977-11-01 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Telephone subscriber line circuit
US4087647A (en) * 1977-05-25 1978-05-02 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Circuit for supplying direct current to telephone station sets
US4088843A (en) * 1975-11-10 1978-05-09 The Post Office Electronic current feed circuit
US4103112A (en) * 1977-10-17 1978-07-25 Northern Telecom Limited Telephone line circuit with differential loop current sensing and compensation
US4110636A (en) * 1976-03-05 1978-08-29 U.S. Philips Corporation Feeding bridge
US4167654A (en) * 1977-03-02 1979-09-11 International Standard Electric Corporation Telephone line feeding circuit including a protective device
US4178485A (en) * 1978-02-01 1979-12-11 Mitel Corporation of Kanata Transformerless telephone line circuit

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5132112A (ja) * 1974-09-12 1976-03-18 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Kanyushakairo

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3300588A (en) * 1963-01-03 1967-01-24 Flowers Thomas Harold Line circuits for subscribers' telephones
US3959718A (en) * 1973-06-15 1976-05-25 Oki Electric Industry Company, Ltd. Direct current supply source
US4088843A (en) * 1975-11-10 1978-05-09 The Post Office Electronic current feed circuit
US4110636A (en) * 1976-03-05 1978-08-29 U.S. Philips Corporation Feeding bridge
US4027235A (en) * 1976-08-13 1977-05-31 Gte Automatic Electric Laboratories Incorporated Direct current compensation circuit with current threshold detection
US4056691A (en) * 1977-01-05 1977-11-01 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Telephone subscriber line circuit
US4167654A (en) * 1977-03-02 1979-09-11 International Standard Electric Corporation Telephone line feeding circuit including a protective device
US4087647A (en) * 1977-05-25 1978-05-02 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Circuit for supplying direct current to telephone station sets
US4103112A (en) * 1977-10-17 1978-07-25 Northern Telecom Limited Telephone line circuit with differential loop current sensing and compensation
US4178485A (en) * 1978-02-01 1979-12-11 Mitel Corporation of Kanata Transformerless telephone line circuit

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4539443A (en) * 1981-04-24 1985-09-03 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Direct current magnetized hybrid transformer
US4524246A (en) * 1982-07-07 1985-06-18 Harris Corporation SLIC II--common-mode current rejection
US4607142A (en) * 1984-07-27 1986-08-19 Itt Corporation Transformer flux compensation circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2927282A1 (de) 1980-01-31
BE877752A (fr) 1980-01-17
FR2431805A1 (fr) 1980-02-15
JPS5516598A (en) 1980-02-05
NL7807706A (nl) 1980-01-22
GB2026286A (en) 1980-01-30
SE7906122L (sv) 1980-01-20
GB2026286B (en) 1982-07-28
AU4894279A (en) 1980-01-24

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