CN85109009A - 电力线通信终端及与其相联的接口电路 - Google Patents

电力线通信终端及与其相联的接口电路 Download PDF

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CN85109009A
CN85109009A CN85109009.5A CN85109009A CN85109009A CN 85109009 A CN85109009 A CN 85109009A CN 85109009 A CN85109009 A CN 85109009A CN 85109009 A CN85109009 A CN 85109009A
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power line
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加罗尔德·威廉姆·奥克斯
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04B3/00Line transmission systems
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    • H04BTRANSMISSION
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Abstract

在电力线10通信网络中发送和接收通信信号的通信终端,包括把它连到电力线的接口电路,网络可包括在电力线与终端之间耦合通信信号的变压器20,其次级绕组26测量耦合通信信号。耦合通信信号用来控制产生代表被测通信信号的匹配信号的放大电路80。在其输出级T1,T2,T3把匹配信号倒相,并加到变压器次级绕组24,以抵消从电力线电磁耦合来的通信信号,以对电力线通信信号形成高分流阻抗而不阻碍终端发送接收通信信号。

Description

本发明涉及多通道分布的电力线通信系统,更确切的说,涉及通信终端和连接在电力线和通信终端之间的接口电路。该接口电路用于对该电力线中的通信信号提供高的宽频带阻抗,而基本上不阻碍终端发送和接收通信信号。
在人口稀少的地区,象在某些居民相隔几英里的乡村电话局,电话公司由于费用原因,往往无法建立个人电话用户服务,由于大多数农村居民(如果不是全部的话)都安装了由地方公共事业部门提供的电力线设施。所以曾经有人建议通过采用把乡镇使用的电力线作为发送载波媒介的频率分割多路传输电话通信系统,为这些居民提供电话服务业务。
在某些农村的乡镇,居民用户可能主要聚居在某一地点,使得他们的用户终端能聚在一起。在这种情况下,一组用户终端可共用一个公共电力线接口,例如:线路通谐器和线路耦合器对,以便在电力线上实现双向通信。因此个人终端的连接费用可保持在低水平,因为线路滤波器和耦合对的成本,可以由用户群分担。然而,那些居民不是聚居在一起而是分散在很广的区域内的乡镇农村,就必须向每个居民用户提供象附图1所示的那种单独的电力线通信联络装置。
为了实现各电力线内的连接,(参见附图1)而又不破坏传输阻抗,即,当个人终端在电力线传输时所要克服的阻抗,个人用户终端必须带有频率选择器,即某些类型的线路调谐器或滤波器,或带有提供高分流阻抗的接口电路,电力线接口电路的成本不能再由用户分担,而要由每个用户支付。因此,由于所有电力线接口电路都可制作成相同的,而不是为每个对应自己的载波频率的用户进行不同的调谐器设计,因此更希望采用高分流阻抗的接口电路。这当然降低各用户终端的成本,从而也降低了整个系统的成本。
本发明的主要目的是提供连接在电力线和特别配置的通信终端的电力线接口电路以对电力线中的载波频率信号提供高分流阻抗。
考虑了这一点,本发明在于在电力线和通信终端之间设置了电力线接口电路,以对所述电力线中的通信信号形成高的分流阻抗,而基本上不阻碍所述终端发送和接收通信信号,所述接口电路包括:用于在所述电力线和所述通信终端之间耦合通信信号的耦合装置;用于测量由来自所述耦合装置的电力线中通信信号的测量装置;由所述被测信号控制的、用于产生代表所述测量信号的匹配信号的匹配信号产生装置,该匹配信号被加到所述耦合装置,以对所述电力线中的输入信号构成高分流阻抗。但基本上不阻碍所述终端发送和接收通信信号。
进一步地,本发明还提供了用于在电力线通信网络上发送和接收通信信号的通信终端,所述终端包括用于把所述终端连接到所述网络的电力线上电力线接口电路,所述接口电路包括:用于在所述电力线和所述通信终端之间耦合通信信号的耦合装置;用于测量来自所述耦合装置的电力线中通信信号的测量装置;由所述被测信号控制以产生代表所述被测通信信号的匹配信号的装置,该匹配信号被加到所述耦合装置,以对所述电力线中的输入信号构成高分流阻抗,但基本上不阻碍所述终端发送和接收通信信号。
从下面的结合附图的描述中,将更容易了解本发明,在附图中:
图1是电力线通信网络的原理方框示意图,它例举了适于本发明的应用环境。
图2是通信终端和与此相连接的接口电路的原理方框图,它适于概括本发明的原理。
图3是适用于图2所描绘的实施方案的反馈电路的电路原理图。
通信终端发送并接收电力线通信网络中的通信信号,并包括使终端与该网络的电力线相耦合的接口电路。该接口电路包括在电力线和通信终端之间耦合通信信号和测量这些耦合信号的装置。还包括由该被测通信信号控制的用于产生代表该被测通信信号的匹配信号的装置。该匹配信号被加到耦合装置,以对电力线网络中的通信信号起高分流阻抗的作用,但基本上不阻碍所述终端发送和接收通信信号。
更进一步地说,该耦合装置可包括:其第一绕组连接到电力线上且其第二绕组连接到产生装置及测量装置的变压器。该变压器把电力线上的通信信号从第一绕组电磁耦合到第二绕组,在第二绕组用测量装置对所述信号进行测量。该产生装置包括由来自第二绕组的被测通信信号控制的放大器电路,用于产生匹配信号,该匹配信号又重新被加到变压器的第二绕组以基本上抵消从电力线电磁耦合过来的通信信号,从而对电力线通信信号构成了高分流阻抗。
在一个实施方案中,放大器电路包括输出级。该输出级带动与变压器第二绕组相联的负载,并保证与所产生的匹配信号有关的累积电压幅度,输出级也产生与电磁耦合到变压器第二绕组的通信信号极性相反的匹配信号。
参照图1,有代表性的电力线通信网络包括:电线10,它可为若干居民服务,并由多个电线杆结构支撑,比如象12所示的那样,有中央业务终端14和多个个人用户终端S1至Sn。该网络的典型通信通道包括与传统电话系统16相耦合的中央业务终端14个人用户终端(例如S1)及连接这两个可能相隔10~20英里的终端装置S1和14的电力线10。
该通信网络的中央业务终端和用户终端都可以用串联在电力线10和地之间的线路耦合电容C和排流线圈L连接到电力线10上,在该实施方案中,中央业务终端14连接到电力线10上。个人用户终端S1在电容C1和排流线圈L1间的连接节点接到电力线10上。
相应地,对于其它个人用户终端,象所示的S2,S3,……Sn,同样由线路耦合电容和电力线频率排流线圈组成的电路,把它们连接到电力线10上,从而类似地构成通信通道,在某些情况下,两个或多个人终端,例如,如所示的S4和S5可以用公共电容和排流线圈对L45、C45连到电力线10上。因此,根据上述对圈1的典型电力线通信网络的描述,对于个人用户终端都可以在电力线网络中实现发送和接收通信信号的通信通道。
在工作时,通过传统电话系统16发向指定用户(例如S3)的电话可含有耦合到中央业务终端14的传统声音信息信号,在中央业务终端声音信号被转换到指定给用户终端S3的发送载波频率。通过线路耦合电容C0和C3,经过电力线10,发送到识别和接收该频率载波信号的用户终端S3,用户终端S3再把它转换成声音信息信号,然后,把转换后的信号传递到用户的电话机。应该知道,虽然仅仅电力线通信网络的个人用户S3识别和接收与该电话对应的特殊载波频率信号,但在发送载波频率信号期间,实际上中央业务终端14通过所有个人用户终端的线路耦合电容,驱动它们工作。
相反地,如果电话是由个人用户终端发出,例如由S3,则它利用指定给它的载波频率,通过电力线10发送电话的声音信号。与该电话对应的载波频率信号通过各个人用户终端耦合电容耦合到所有用户终端和中央业务终端,但是只有中央业务终端14识别和接收载波频率信号,并确定是进行了一次通话。作为响应,中央业务终端14可以把载波频率信号转换成一般的声音信号,并可把转换后的信号耦合到传统的电话系统16,以便用传统的电话线把它发送到接收用户。
对线路耦合电路,适当确定线路耦合电容C的值使得对于电力线频率形成高阻抗,以使与其有关的压降大部分落在耦合电容C上,并对传输的载波频率信号形成低阻抗,以对载波频率信号的发送和接收构成非常低的压降。另一方面各终端的排流线圈L的值的确定使得对频率载波信号形成非常高的阻抗,并对电力线频率信号形成非常低的阻抗。一般地,沿电力线耦合到中央业务终端14最远终端,象所示的Sn,考虑到载波频率分布,可包括端接阻抗。在本实施方案中,端接阻抗是由从电容Cn和排流线圈Ln之间的连接节点连接到地的阻抗元件Rn来实现的。
如在以上背景部分所描述的,为了使用户终端在通过电力线发送载波频率信号时,不引起过度的功率负载,用户终端必需带有频率选择终端装置(例如,象调谐器或滤波器),或者对于由该网络的所有其它用户终端发送的载波频率信号具有高阻抗。如果选用调谐器或滤波器的方法把用户终端耦合到电力线上,由于各个人终端都有专用的载波频率,所以对它们需有不同的设计。也就是说,调谐器或滤波器,装置对于指定的载波频率信号具有低网络阻抗,而对所有由其它各人终端发送的载波频率信号具有高网络阻抗。
对个人终端,为各个人终端配备它自己的调谐器或滤波器的方法,不仅要求分别的设计,而且个人终端装置本身就要包括调谐器或滤波器网络本身的成本。这就会使各个人终端的成本增加到不合算的程度。而对于各个人用户终端,高跨接阻抗接口电路具有相同的设计,并且由于可以大量生产,它比分别设计的滤波器或调谐器网络的成本低。
依照本发明,用户终端电力线接口电路的简化电路原理框图如图2所示。该接口电路对于电力线中的通信信号具有高分流阻抗,而基本上不阻碍终端本身发送和接收通信信号。参照图2,利用前面描述的电容排流线圈Ci和Li连接,可以把典型用户终端Si连接到电力线10上。
接口电路包括装置20,它可以是用来在电力线10和通信终端Si之间电磁耦合通信信号的变压器。在本实施方案中,用20表示的变压器带有第一绕组22,其一端通过电容Ci耦合到电力线10,另一端接地。第二绕组24可用来把终端的载波频率通信信号电磁耦合到绕组22,以便在电力线10中传送。另一绕组26可被用来从初级绕组22接收通过变压器20电磁耦合过来的载波频率通信信号。绕组24和26可以是变压器20次级绕组的一部分,并可由在图中用28所示的抽头分开,绕组26耦合到用户终端Si的传统接收部分30。
在本具体实施方案中,可把反馈电路34连接到变压器22次级绕组的抽头引线28上,以对由变压器20电磁耦合到电力线中的载波频信号进行测量,反馈电路34的作用是在信号线42内产生匹配信号,该匹配信号是加在连接在线号线42与公共电供点36之间的电阻器件44上的电压信号。该匹配信号代表经抽头28从变压器20测得的载波频率通信信号。为有助于该测量,可以在变压器抽头28与用户终端Si的公共基准电位36之间接入滤波网络。在该实施方案中,该滤波网络包括串联连接的电容元件38和电阻元件40。
反馈电路34可包括电子滤波器,它使控制用50表示的放大器电路的被测载波频率信号通过,并在预定的“截止点”对更高频率的信号加以抑制,以对放大器电路50进行补偿和平衡。
图3的电路原理图例举了适用于用户终端Si的反馈电路34的电子滤波器。
参照图3,所例举的滤波器网络包括并行电路通道52和54,一个通道52使基本上直流的信号通过,另一通道54使被测的载波频率信号通过,并提供预定的放大器补偿。
通道52包括两个与电容元件60相串联的电阻元件56和58,电容元件60连接在电阻元件56和58的连接节点与终端公共端36之间。该电容元件60的设计使得对于其频率高于相当接近于零的频率或DC的信号形成低阻抗,因此,电路通路52使DC信号和基本接近DC的低频信号通过。
另一电路通道54包括电容-电阻的组合电路装置,以使被测载波频率信号通过,并对较高频率的信号进行指定的“截止”抑制。通道54在一个分支中包括连在公共端36和线42之间的电阻62和电容64的串联连接。沿通道54,还连接有电阻66和电容68构成的并联电路,支路电阻70也被接到电路54和公共端36之间,且电容72被接到由线28表示的滤波器输入端。
在工作过程中,来自抽头28的载波频率信号进入反馈网络34的滤波网络,并在通道52和54之间分开。具有DC和基本上接近于DC的低频成分的信号通过电路通道52传输到输出端42。类似地,被测载波频率的信号成分通过通路54传到输出端42。正如上面结合图2所描述,滤波器传输的信号构成了在线路42中传送的匹配信号,该匹配信号代表来自变压器20的被测载波频率信号,并作为加在电阻44上的电压电平出现。
参照图2,用于本实施方案的放大器电路50可包括由电源电压V+和V-驱动的运算放大器80和构成运算放大器80的输出级的晶体管电路装置。运算放大器用来带动与变压器20的次级绕组相连的负载。更具体地说,终端Si传统的发送部分82可以通过电阻元件84耦合到运算放大器80的反相输入端(-),信号线42接到它的非反向输入端(+)。在运算放大器80反向输入端和输出端之间,连接有由电阻元件80和电容元件88构成的串联网络。此外,运算放大器80的输出端耦合到晶体管T1的基极,T1是输出级晶体管之一。在本实施方案中,晶体管T1是NPN晶体管,其发射极(E)经过电阻元件90,接到电压源V-,晶体管T1的集电极(C)耦合到另一支PNP型晶体管T2的基极(B),和两个串联二极管D1和D2中的一个的负极。二极管D2的正极接到输出级的第三个晶体管T3基极(B)并同传统的电流源92相连,该电流源由用户终端的高电压电源HV+供电。电源HV+也被接到NPN型晶体管T3的集电极(C)。晶体管T2和T3的发射极连在一起,并接到次级绕组24,以带动与其相联的负载。PNP型晶体管T2的集电极可接到公用端36。
在工作过程中,运算放大器80既受发送电路82产生并要在电力线10中传送的用户终端载波频率信号控制,又受信号线42中的匹配信号控制;该匹配信号代表变压器耦合到电力线10中的载波频率信号。由于控制信号的输入连接。放大器80和晶体管T1级联工作导致终端载波频率发送信号的双重极性反向和所产生的匹配信号仅一次的极性反向。晶体管T2和T3相配合对晶体管T1的集电极产生的具有上述极性的电压进行放大。
晶体管对T2和T3保证了与所产生的匹配信号有关的累积电压幅度,该匹配信号与电力线中的所有通信信号相对应。此外,在晶体管对T2和T3进行放大期间没有极性变化,因此终端的载波频率信号可以适当的极性发送。然而放大后的匹配信号与耦合到绕组器24的载波频率信号的极性相反,以致当绕组24受到输出级,即晶体管T2和T3的发射极连接的驱动时,由于耦合的电力线信号,基本上没有电流从中流过。实际上,加到绕组24上的放大匹配信号基本上抵消了来自电力信号线的耦合信号。因而,上述接口电路对电力线中的通信信号起到了高分流阻抗的作用,既基本上没有电流流过,而基本上不阻碍终端自己的通信信号通过变压器20进行耦合。

Claims (6)

1、连接在电压线[图1,2(10)]与通信终端(Si)之间的电力线接口电路,用于对所述电力线中的通信信号形成高分流电阻,而基本上不阻碍所述终端发送和接收通信信号,所述电路的特征在于包括:
用于在所述电力线和所述通信终端之间耦合通信信号的耦合装置[图2(Ci,Li,20)];
用于测量电力线中来自所述耦合装置的通信信号的测量装置[图2,3(34)];
由所述被测通信信号控制的匹配信号产生装置,用于产生代表所述被测通信信号的匹配信号,该匹配信号被加到所述耦合装置,以对所述电力线中的所述通信信号形成高分流阻抗,而基本上不阻碍所述终端发送和接收通信信号。
2、用于在电力线通信网络中发送和接收通信信号的通信终端,所述终端包括把所述终端连接到通信网络的电力线的电力线接口电路〔图2(Si)〕,所述接口电路的特征在于包括:
用于在所述电力线和所述通信终端之间耦合通信信号的耦合装置〔图2(Ci,Li,20)〕。
用于测量来自所述耦合装置的电力线中通信信号的测量装置〔图2,3(34)〕;
由所述被测通信信号控制并用以产生匹配信号的产生装置〔图2,3(50)〕,该匹配信号代表被测通信信号并被加到所述耦合装置,以对所述电力线中的通信信号形成高分流阻抗,而基本上不阻碍所述终端发送和接收通信信号。
3、如权利要求1或2的电力线接口电路,其中耦合装置包括变压器(20),它的第一绕组(22)连接到电力线上,第二绕组(24,26)连接到产生装置和测量装置,所述变压器把电力线中的通信信号从第一绕组电磁耦合到第二绕组;其中测量装置包括用于测量电磁耦合到所述变压器的第二绕组的通信信号的装置(54);且其中发生装置包括由被测通信信号控制以产生匹配信号的放大器电路(80),该匹配信号代表被测的通信信号,它被加到所述变压器的第二绕组以基本上抵消从电力线电磁耦合过来的通信信号,从而对所述电力线通信信号形成高分流阻抗。
4、如权利要求1,2或3的电力线接口电路,其中,测量装置包括使被测通信信号通过的电子滤波器(62,64,66,68,70,),用来控制放大器电路并对放大器电路进行补偿。
5、权利要求1、2、或3的电力线接口电路,其中,放大器电路包括产生与通信信号极性相反的匹配信号的输出极(T1,T2,T3),所述输出级驱动与变压器第二绕组相联的负载并保证与所产生的匹配信号相联系的累积电压幅值,所述匹配信号与电力线中的所有通信信号相对应。
6、电力线接口电路,基本上与上面参照附图所描述一样,并与附图中的图示基本一致。
CN85109009.5A 1984-12-10 1985-12-09 电力线通信终端及与其相联的接口电路 Expired - Fee Related CN1030675C (zh)

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