US4052556A - Circuit arrangement for balancing a two wire full duplex data transmission system - Google Patents

Circuit arrangement for balancing a two wire full duplex data transmission system Download PDF

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US4052556A
US4052556A US05/625,869 US62586975A US4052556A US 4052556 A US4052556 A US 4052556A US 62586975 A US62586975 A US 62586975A US 4052556 A US4052556 A US 4052556A
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time
stages
amplitude
transmitter
receiver
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US05/625,869
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English (en)
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Adolf Haass
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/1423—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex for simultaneous baseband signals

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a circuit arrangement for balancing a two wire, full duplex data transmission system, in which a transmitter and a receiver in one station are connected by two lines to a further transmitter and a further receiver in another station.
  • the transmitters emit data signals which are transmitted through the lines to the receiver in the other station, and the transmitters are connected by a dummy circuit to their own receivers.
  • Each of the stations possesses a transmitter and a receiver and a plurality of impedances arranged in the form of a bridge circuit.
  • a first and a second resistor of equal magnitude form a first and a second bridge impedance.
  • a third bridge impedance is formed by the lines and by the components of the other station which are connected to the lines.
  • a fourth bridge impedance is in the form of a balancing resistor and must be balanced in such manner that it is equal to the third bridge impedance.
  • the transmitter is connected to the connection point of the first and the second bridge impedance and to the connection point of the third and the fourth bridge impedance into the bridge diagonal.
  • the receiver is connected to the two remaining diagonal points.
  • Prior art balancing impedances are formed from a plurality of parallel-connected time constant elements having adjustable capacitors and resistors.
  • time constant of the relevant time constant element altered, but also the amplitude characteristic of the balancing resistor.
  • the mutual influence of the capacitors and resistors which are to be adjusted means that the desired balancing process is time-consuming and necessitates a long iterative procedure.
  • this process has the disadvantage that it can only be carried out by trained personnel.
  • the variable capacitances are generally realized with solid capacitors in combination with step switches, which necessitates a relatively large expense.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a circuit arrangement for balancing a two wire, full duplex data transmission system, which may be balanced more rapidly, more accurately, and with a lower cost than has been possible with prior art apparatus.
  • the invention is at least in part based on the recognition that the bridge circuit is balanced, not only when the balancing resistances are equal to the impedances formed by the lines, but whenever a current flowing through the lines to the receiver in the same station is equal to the current flowing through the balancing resistance to the receiver in the same station.
  • the foregoing and other objects are obtained by using a plurality of parallel-connected series combinations, each of which comprises a time stage and a amplitude stage, and via which a subsidiary current of a sum current is in each case fed into the dummy circuit.
  • the time stage emits time signals which possess a predetermined phase relationship to an edge of the data signal, and the time signals determine the beginning and the end of the subsidiary currents.
  • the amplitude stages emit amplitude signals whose amplitudes are adjustable, and which determine the amplitudes of the subsidiary currents in such manner that the sum current flowing from the transmitter via the dummy circuit to the receiver in the same station is equal to the current flowing from the transmitter via the lines to the receiver in the same station.
  • the circuit arrangement in accordance with the invention is characterized in that the balancing of the currents which flow from the transmitter via the lines to the receiver in the same station, and from the transmitter via the dummy circuit to the receiver in the same station can be carried out more simply than the balancing of two voltages in bridge impedances.
  • the balancing technique according to the invention is also easier since the duration and the phase state of the time signals can be selected in such manner that in the event of changes in the adjustable amplitudes, the sum signal changes only in one single interval, and in all the other intervals either does not change or changes only slightly.
  • the time stages of the series combinations can be arranged either at the transmitter end or at the receiver end. If the time signals are produced in digital fashion, it is advantageous to arrange the time stages at the transmitter end and the amplitude stages at the receiver end. If the time signals are produced in analog fashion, it is advantageous for the amplitude stages to be arranged at the transmitter end and for the time stages to be arranged at the receiver end.
  • the subsidiary currents which flow through the series combinations can commence simultaneously shortly after an edge of the data signal and have various lengths. Subsidiary currents of this kind can be produced with overlapping time signals, in which case the control of the time stages is relatively simple. In contrast, the subsidiary currents through the series combinations can occur consecutively. Subsidiary currents of this kind are produced with non-overlapping time signals which facilitate a relatively simple control of a balancing circuit.
  • the series combinations each comprise a time constant element having a given time constant and of in each case an amplitude stage whose attenuation and/or amplification is adjustable.
  • a circuit arrangement of this kind can be constructed with a substantially lower expense than heretofore has been the case.
  • the time stages can each include a resistor and a capacitor of a given capacitance. If a particularly low expense is required for the construction of the series combinations, it is advantageous for the amplitude stages to be in the form of potentiometers whose maximum resistances are at the maximum one-tenth of the resistances of the time stages.
  • the amplitude stages from in each case one operational amplifier and a variable resistor connected in parallel, and to arrange these amplitude stages at the transmitter end. Then the time stages, comprising capacitors and resistors can be connected at the receiver end, which provides the additional advantage that d.c. currents emitted across the outputs of the operational amplifiers are not transmitted across the capacitors and therefore do not adulterate the sum current.
  • FIGS. 1 to 15 in which identical components appearing in more than one figure have been indicated by the same references.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two wire, full duplex data transmission system with a prior art balancing resistor in the dummy circuit.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a balancing means with transmitting end-time stages according to the invention which can replace R13 in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a dummy circuit with transmitting-end amplitude states in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a time-waveform diagram of signals which occur when there are overlapping time signals during the operation of the circuit arrangement illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a time-waveform diagram of signals which occur when there are non-overlapping time signals during the operation of the circuit arrangement in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a time-waveform diagram of signals which occur when there are overlapping time signals during the operation of the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates time-waveform diagrams of signals which occur when there are non-overlapping time signals during the operation of the circuit arrangement illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a dummy circuit according to the invention whose time stages are constructed from RC elements.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a dummy circuit according to the invention whose amplitude stages are constructed from potentiometers and resistors.
  • FIG. 10 is a time-waveform diagram for the operation of the dummy circuits represented in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of dummy circuit according to the invention whose time stages are constructed with a shift register.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates time-waveform diagrams of signals which occur during the operation of the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a dummy circuit according to the invention whose amplitude stages are constructed with operational amplifiers and whose time stages are constructed with RC elements.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating a balancing circuit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 15 shows time-waveform diagrams illustrating signals which occur during the operation of the balancing circuit shown in FIG. 14.
  • data can be transmitted from a first station via the lines L1 and L2 to a second station and vice versa.
  • the first station comprises a transmitter S1, receiver E1, measuring stage M1, and resistors R11, R12, R13.
  • the second station comprises a transmitter S2, receiver E2, measuring stage M2, and resistors R21, R22, R23.
  • the resistors R11 and R12 which are like values form, respectively, a first and second bridge impedance.
  • a third bridge impedance is formed by the lines L1, L2 and by the components connected to the circuit points P21 and P24.
  • the fourth bridge impedance is formed by the balancing resistance R13.
  • the transmitter S1 is located in one diagonal of this bridge circuit, and the measuring stage M1 and the receiver E1 are connected to the other diagonal points. Full duplex operation through the two lines L1 and L2 necessitates that the balancing resistance R13 should as accurately as possible simulate that bridge impedance which is connected to the circuit points P12 and P14 and which, as already mentioned, is formed by the lines L1 and L2.
  • the balancing is effected by altering the capacitances and resistances, and presents difficlties since in the case of such changes, not only the time constants of the time constant elements, but also the amplitudes are altered.
  • FIG. 2 shows a dummy circuit which comprises three series combinations of, respectively, one time stage and one amplitude stage.
  • the first, second and third series combinations comprise amplitude stages AS1, AS2, AS3, respectively, and time stages ZS1, ZS2, ZS3, respectively.
  • These series combinations are located in the balancing circuit which is formed by the transmitter S1, the circuit point P14, the series combinations, the circuit point P11 and by the receiver E1 illustrated inFIG. 1.
  • Through the individual series combinations are conducted subsidiary currents which flow via the circuit point P11 and unite to form a sum current F within the dummy circuit.
  • the time stages ZS1, ZS2, ZS3 emit time signals Z1, Z2, Z3 respectively, which possess a determinate phase stage in relation to an edge of the data signal A (see FIG. 4) which is emitted from the transmitter S1 to the line L1 and to the dummy circuit.
  • the beginning and end of the subsidiary currents flowing through the series combinations are determind wih the time signals Z1, Z2, Z3.
  • the amplitude stages AS1, AS2, AS3 emit amplitude signals B1, B2, B3.
  • the amplitudes of the amplitude signals are adjustable with the aid of the amplitude stages.
  • the amplitudes of the amplitude signals B1, B2, B3 are established by the amplitude stages AS1, AS2, AS3 in such manner that the sum current F flowing from the transmitter S1 across the dummy circuit to the receiver E1 in the same station is equal to the current D flowing from the transmitter S1 via the lines L1 and L2 to the receiver E1.
  • the dummy circuit NS in FIG. 3 differs from the dummy circuit shown in FIG. 2 by virtue of the arrangement of the time stages and the amplitude stages.
  • the amplitude stages AS1, AS2, AS3 are arranged on the side nearer the transmitter S1
  • the time stages ZS1, ZS2, ZS3 are arranged on the side nearer the receiver E1.
  • FIG. 4 shows time diagrams of signals which occur during the operation of the dummy circuit in FIG. 2.
  • the abscissa axes of these and all the other time diagrams relate to the time t.
  • the double current signal A is emitted, as a data signal, from the transmitter S1 and is conducted to the line L1 and to the dummy circuit. Of the signal A, only the leading edge which occurs at the time t1 is shown. It will be assumed that the trailing edge of the signal A occurs at a time which is not shown.
  • the lines L1 and L2 illustrated in FIG. 1 are capacitively coupled in a manner not shown, so that as a result of the transmitted signal A, the deformed signal D arrives at the receiver E1.
  • the dummy circuit NS produces sum current F in such manner that it compensates the current D.
  • the time signals Z1, Z2, Z3 are produced, and commence shortly after the occurrence of the leading edge of the signal A at the time t1, and end at different times t2, t3, and t4.
  • the time signals thus overlap in this case.
  • the amplitude signals B1, B2, B3 are produced, and they have a duration equal to the duration of the assigned time signal and an amplitude which is adjustable.
  • the signals A,D,F,F' in FIG. 5 are identical to the corresponding signals in FIG. 4. In accordance with FIG. 5, however, the time signals Z1, Z2, and Z3 do not overlap. Each of these time signals Z1, Z2 and Z3 and the corresponding amplitude signals B1, B2, B3 relate to separate intervals t3-t4, t2-3, and t1-t 2, respectively, The amplitude signals B1, B2, B3 illustrated in FIG. 5 are also to be considered as subsidiary currents of the sum current F.
  • the signals shown in FIG. 6 relate to the situation represented in FIG. 3, in which, in constrast to the situations shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and 5, firstly the amplitude signals B1, B2 are obtained and only then are the time signals Z1, Z2 and Z3 produced.
  • three amplitude signals are produced which commence at the time t ⁇ , overlap one another, and whose amplitude is adjusted by the amplitude stages.
  • the time elements ZS1, ZS2, ZS3, shown by FIG. 3, by means of time selection, operate to allow only a part of the signals B1, B2, B3 through, so that the corresponding time signals Z1, Z2, Z3 are produced.
  • These time signals shown in FIG. 6 are to be considered as subsidiary currents of the sum current F.
  • the signals illustrated in FIG. 7 relate to the apparatus in FIG. 3, in which, however, in constrast to FIG. 6, time signals Z1, Z2, Z3 which do not overlap in time are obtained.
  • the signals Z1, Z2, Z3 in FIG. 7 are to be considered as subsidiary currents of the sum current F which flows through the circuit point P11 in FIG. 3.
  • the amplitude signals B1, B2, B3 illustrated in FIG. 7 possess amplitudes which are equal to the amplitudes of sum signal within the corresponding interval.
  • FIG. 8 shows a dummy circuit using RC elements as time stages.
  • the resistor R1, the resistor R2 and the capacitor C2, and the resistor R3 and the capacitor C3 each form a time stage which emits a time signal Z1, Z2, Z3, respectively, to the amplitude stages.
  • These amplitude stages facilitate an adjustable amplification and/or attenuation of the time signals with which they are supplied.
  • the dummy circuit illustrated in FIG. 8 operates in accordance with the principle described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4.
  • the dummy circuit illustrated in FIG. 9 also operates in accordance with the principle described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4, and here the amplitude stages are each formed by a potentiometer P1, P2, P3 and by a resistor R4, R5, R6, respectively.
  • analog time signals and analog amplitude signals are produced with the dummy circuits illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates diagramatically the analog time signals Z1, Z2, Z3 which are produced with the illustrated RC elements and are subsequently conducted to the amplitude stages.
  • the time signals overlap one another, but all commence at the time t1, i.e., after the occurrence of the leading edge of the signal A.
  • the amplitude signals B1, B2, B3 in FIG. 10 are to be considered as subsidiary currents of the sum current F which is substantially identical to the signal D, which is shown in broken lines and which arrives at the receiver E1 in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 11 shows a dummy circuit in which the time stages are constructed using a shift register.
  • the time diagrams illustrated in FIG. 12 explain the mode of operation of the circuit arrangement.
  • the first cell a of the shift register SR is connected by an input to a generator GEN via which the shift pulses T are conducted.
  • a second imput of the first cell a is connected to the output of a differentiator stage DS, across which the signal E is emitted at the time t1 on the occurrence of the leading edge of the signal A.
  • the two binary states are referenced 0 and 1
  • the two states which can be assumed by the individual cells of the shift register are designated, accordingly, as 0-state and 1-state
  • the first cell SR1 is changed from its 0-state into its 1-state, and now, from the time t1 onwards, emits a 1-signal to the amplitude stage AS3.
  • the cell b of the shift register SR With the next pulse of the signal T, at the time t2, the cell b of the shift register SR is brought into the 1-state, so that now a 1-signal is again emitted to the amplitude state AS3.
  • the two 1-signals of the cells a and b together form the time signal Z3.
  • the cells a and b reassume the 0-state, and the cell c is changed into its 1-state, so that the leading edge of the time signal Z2 is formed.
  • the cells d and e are successively set into their 1-states, so that the time signal Z2 is emitted to the amplitude stage AS2.
  • the cell f is brought into its 1-state, and the other cells g, h, k are in turn brought into their 1-states, to that the time signal Z1 is produced.
  • these time signals are produced in accordance with the principle described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 5.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates another dummy circuit NS which operates in accordance with the principle described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 7.
  • the amplitude stages are each formed by an operational amplifier V1, V2, V3, a potentiometer P11, P12, P13 and a resistor R7, R8, R9.
  • the time stages are in each case formed by a RC element.
  • Each of these operational amplifiers possesses an input marked with a plus sign which is connected via a non-inverting channel to the output, and an input marked with a minus sign which is connected via an inverting channel to the output.
  • the amplification of each operational amplifier is set with the aid of the potentiometers P11, P12, P13.
  • the time constant elements R1, and R2/C2 and R3/C3 are again set with a predetermined time constant.
  • FIG. 13 also gives a more detailed illustration of the measuring stage M1 by which measuring signals are obtained which are dependent upon the difference between the currents which flow from the circuit point P11 and from the circuit point P12 to the operational amplifier V4.
  • the voltage H tapped across the resistor R14 is to be considered as a measuring signal.
  • the dummy circuit NS is balanced in such manner that the signal H is negligibly small whenever either the transmitters S1 and S2 illustrated in FIG. 1 transmit no data signals, or when only the transmitter S1 in the specific station transmits a data signal. Thus, the transmitter S1 does not disturb the receiver E1 in its own station. If the transmitter S2 in the other station transmits a data signal, the currents F and D differ from one another, so that the amplitude of the signal H assumes a specific value and signals the data transmitted from the transmitter S2 to the receiver E1. It will be assumed that this actual data reception is carried out in known manner using the device E3.
  • the operational amplifiers V1, V2, V3 are to emit a signal having a level of zero from their outputs whenever the signals present at their inputs are equal. Although the operational amplifiers which are actually available to a large extent fulfill this condition, their output voltages are subject to a small error (offset voltage). To prevent these errors from influencing the sum signal F, it is favorable to arrange the operational amplifiers V2 and V3 on the side of the transmitter S1, and the capacitors C2 and C3 on the side of the receiver E1, since these capacitors C2 and C3 suppress the errors.
  • FIG. 14 shows the balancing circuit AS which is also schematically shown in FIG. 13.
  • the signal H which signals the difference between the currents F and D is conducted across the inputs m and n.
  • FIG. 15 represents variants of the signal H, and also the two threshold values W1 and W2 which are set with the aid of the operational amplifiers V5 and V6.
  • the balancing circuit comprises AND gates G11, G12, G13, G21, G22, G23, stores SP11, SP12, SP13, SP21, SP22, SP23, control lamps K11, K12, K13, K21, K22, K23 and interval stages JS1, JS2, JS3.
  • the transmitter S1 shown in FIG. 1 periodically emits the signal A which possesses a leading edge which occurs at the time t1, and a non-illustrated trailing edge.
  • the dummy circuit NS illustrated in FIG. 13 is not balanced, as indicated by the signal H1 which exceeds the threshold value W1. This overshooting of level is signalled with the aid of the operational amplifiers V5 and V6, which emit a 1-signal and a 0-signal, respectively, via their outputs.
  • interval stages JS1, JS2, JS3 each emit the signals Z11, Z12,Z13, respectively, which, together with the 1-signal of the operational amplifier V5, open the gates G11, G12, G13 during the intervals t3-t4, and t2-t3 and t1-t2, respectively, so that the stores SP11, SP12, SP13 are set from their rest state into their operative state, and the control lamps K11, K12, K13 light up. After the time t4, the stores SP11, SP12, SP13 are periodically reset into their rest state.
  • the level of the signal B1 is reduced until the control lamp K11 lights up, and the signal H2 is formed. It will be assumed that the level of the signal B1 has been reduced to such an extent that a 1-signal is emitted from the output of the operational amplifier V6, and thus now, in cooperation with the 1-signal of the signal Z11, the Store SP21 is set in the operative state, and the control lamp K21 signals the undershooting of the threshold value W2 in the interval t3-t4. In order to initially set the level of the signal F during the interval t3-t4, the potentiometer P11 is turned back until the control lamp K21 is extinguished with the signal H3. The dummy circuit NS is thus balanced for the time interval t3-t4.
  • the control lamps K12 and K13 are still illuminated and indicate that the dummy circuit has not yet been balanced for the remaining time intervals.
  • the potentiometer P12 is adjusted, and the signal B2 is modified in such manner that with the signal H4 the control lamp K12 is extinguished.
  • the dummy circuit NS is also balanced for the second time interval t2-t3.
  • the control lamp K13 now indicates that the signal H4 is overshooting the threshold value W1 during the interval t1-t2. Therefore, the potentiometer P13 is used to change the level of the signal B3 until the control lamp K13 is extinguished with the signal H5.
  • the dummy circuit NS is also balanced in the interval t1-t2.
  • control lamps K11, K12, K13, K21, K22, K23 directly indicate in which time interval an adjustment must be effected using one of the potentiometers P11, P12, P13. Therefore, the balancing process can be carried out in a fraction of the time previously required when the dummy resistor R13 shown in FIG. 1 is used, without the need for expensive measuring equipment and trained personnel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Logic Circuits (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
US05/625,869 1974-11-14 1975-10-28 Circuit arrangement for balancing a two wire full duplex data transmission system Expired - Lifetime US4052556A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DT2454108 1974-11-14
DE2454108A DE2454108C2 (de) 1974-11-14 1974-11-14 Schaltungsanordnung zum Abgleich eines Zweidraht-Vollduplex-Datenübertragungssystems

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US4052556A true US4052556A (en) 1977-10-04

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US05/625,869 Expired - Lifetime US4052556A (en) 1974-11-14 1975-10-28 Circuit arrangement for balancing a two wire full duplex data transmission system

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US (1) US4052556A (zh)
AT (1) AT346397B (zh)
BE (1) BE835602A (zh)
BR (1) BR7507506A (zh)
CH (1) CH594326A5 (zh)
DE (1) DE2454108C2 (zh)
DK (1) DK146839C (zh)
FR (1) FR2291655A1 (zh)
IT (1) IT1048835B (zh)
NL (1) NL7513136A (zh)
SE (1) SE402039B (zh)
ZA (1) ZA755746B (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4086428A (en) * 1976-05-04 1978-04-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit arrangement for the automatic adjustment of a two-wire full duplex data transmission system
US4476557A (en) * 1982-08-13 1984-10-09 At&T Bell Laboratories Duplex signaling circuit

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB457776A (en) * 1934-06-02 1936-12-04 Italo De Giuli Improvements in or relating to the electrical transmission of telegraphic, telephonic or other signals
US2341902A (en) * 1941-08-12 1944-02-15 Western Union Telegraph Co Electronic telegraph repeater
US3573371A (en) * 1968-12-23 1971-04-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Direct-current data set arranged for polar signaling and full duplex operation
US3715496A (en) * 1971-10-21 1973-02-06 Ibm Digital band-pass filter for a single circuit full duplex transmission system

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3652952A (en) * 1970-05-19 1972-03-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronically variable line build-out network
DE2045654B2 (de) * 1970-09-16 1973-02-01 Schaltungsanordnung zur vollduplexuebertragung von niederpegelgleichstrom-datensignalen auf einer zweidrahtleitung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB457776A (en) * 1934-06-02 1936-12-04 Italo De Giuli Improvements in or relating to the electrical transmission of telegraphic, telephonic or other signals
US2341902A (en) * 1941-08-12 1944-02-15 Western Union Telegraph Co Electronic telegraph repeater
US3573371A (en) * 1968-12-23 1971-04-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Direct-current data set arranged for polar signaling and full duplex operation
US3715496A (en) * 1971-10-21 1973-02-06 Ibm Digital band-pass filter for a single circuit full duplex transmission system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4086428A (en) * 1976-05-04 1978-04-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit arrangement for the automatic adjustment of a two-wire full duplex data transmission system
US4476557A (en) * 1982-08-13 1984-10-09 At&T Bell Laboratories Duplex signaling circuit

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CH594326A5 (zh) 1978-01-13
FR2291655A1 (fr) 1976-06-11
BR7507506A (pt) 1976-08-03
BE835602A (fr) 1976-05-14
DK512175A (da) 1976-05-15
IT1048835B (it) 1980-12-20
DE2454108B1 (de) 1976-05-13
ZA755746B (en) 1976-08-25
DK146839B (da) 1984-01-16
ATA762375A (de) 1978-03-15
DE2454108C2 (de) 1981-04-09
SE7512747L (sv) 1976-05-17
AT346397B (de) 1978-11-10
SE402039B (sv) 1978-06-12
DK146839C (da) 1984-06-25
NL7513136A (nl) 1976-05-18
FR2291655B1 (zh) 1982-10-29

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